Heaven’s Light is Our Guide

Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Course No : EEE 3212

Course Title : Power System I Sessional

Experiment No. :0

Name of the Experiment : Construction of a generalized program for z-bus.

Submitted by-

Name: Md. Samsuzzaman

Roll: 141060

Section: A

Date of Experiment: 13.01.2018

Date of Submission: 20.01.2018

Experiment no : 0

Name of the experiment : Construction of a generalized program for z-bus.

Objective: The objective of this experiment is to know how to make a

generalized program for z-bus of a power system in MATLAB platform.

Example 9.3 :

We have to construct the bus impedance matrix of a power system whose one line
diagram is in figure 1.

1 2
j0.4
j0.2
j0.8 4
1 2

1 2
3 5
j0.4 j0.4
3
3

(a) (b)

Figure 1: One line diagram and a proper tree of a power system

The elements connected to the reference node are included in the proper tree as
shown in figure 1(b).We start with those branches of the tree connected to the
reference node. Add branch 1, 𝑧10 = 𝑗0.2 between node q=1 and reference node 0.
According to rule 1, we have
(1)
Z bus  Z11  z10  j 0.2

Next, add branch 2, 𝑧20 = 𝑗0.4 between node q=2 and reference node 0

Z 0   j 0.2 0 
( 2)
  11  j 0.4
Z bus
 0 Z 22   0
Note that the off-diagonal elements of the bud impedance matrix are zero. This is
because there is no connection between these buses other than to the reference. In
this example, there are no more branches from a new bus to the reference. We
continue with the remaining branches of the tree. Add branch 3, 𝑧13 = 𝑗0.4 between
the new node q=3 and the existing node p=1. According to rule 2 we get,

 Z 11 Z 12 Z 11   j 0.2 0 j 0.2
( 3)
Z bus   Z 21 Z 22 Z 21    0 j 0.4 0 
 Z 11 Z 12 Z 11  z13   j 0.2 0 j 0.6

All tree branches are in place. We now proceed with the links. Add link 4, z12  j 0.8
between node q=2 and node p=1 from rule 3 we have

 Z11 Z12 Z13 Z12  Z11 

 Z Z 22 Z 23 Z 22  Z 21 
( 4)
Z bus  21

 Z 31 Z 32 Z 33 Z 31  Z 31 
 
 Z 21  Z11 Z 22  Z 21 Z 23  Z13 Z 44 

 j 0.2 0  j 0.2
j 0.2
 0 j 0 .4 0 j 0.4 

 j 0.2 0 j 0.6  j 0.2
 
  j 0. 2 j 0.4  j 0 . 2 Z 44 

Now Z 44  z12  Z11  Z 22  2Z12  j 0.8  j 0.2  j 0.4  2( j 0)  j1.4

 j 0.2
ZZ T 1 
And   j 0.4  j 0.2 j 0.4  j 0.2
Z 44 j1.4
 j 0.2

 j 0.02857  j 0.05714 j 0.02857 

  j 0.05714 j 0.11428  j 0.05714 
 j 0.02857  j 0.05714 j 0.02857 

The new bus impedance matrix is below

  j 0.2 0 j 0.2  j 0.02857  j 0.05714 j 0.02857   j 0.171143 j 0.05714 j 0.17143 
Z ( 4)
bus   0 j 0.4 0    j 0.05714 j 0.11428  j 0.05714    j 0.05714 j 0.28571 j 0.05714 
 j 0.2 0 j 0.6  j 0.02857  j 0.05714 j 0.02857   j 0.17143 j 0.05714 j 0.57143 
Finally, we add link 5, z 23  j 0.4 between node q=3 and node q=2. From rule 3, we
have

 Z11 Z12 Z13 Z13  Z12 

 Z Z 22 Z 23 Z 23  Z 22 
( 5)
Z bus  21

 Z 31 Z 32 Z 33 Z 33  Z 32 
 
 Z 31  Z 21 Z 32  Z 22 Z 33  Z 23 Z 44 

 j 0.17143 j 0.05714 j 0.17143 j 0.11429 

 j 0.05714 j 0.28571 j 0.05714  j 0.22857 

 j 0.17143 j 0.05714 j 0.57143 j 0.51429 
 
 j 0.11429  j 0.22857 j 0.51429 Z 44 

Now Z 44  z23  Z 22  Z33  2Z 23  j 0.4  j 0.28571  j 0.57143  2( j 0.05714 )  j1.14

 j 0.11429 
ZZ T 1 
And    j 0.22857  j 0.11429  j 0.22857 j 0.51429 
Z 44 j1.4
 j 0.51429 

 j 0.01143  j 0.02286 j 0.05143 

  j 0.02286 j 0.04571  j 0.10286 
 j 0.05143  j 0.10286 j 0.23143 

The new bus impedance matrix is below

 j 0.17143 j 0.05714 j 0.17143   j 0.01143  j 0.02286 j 0.05143 

Z bus   j 0.05714 j 0.28571 j 0.05714    j 0.02286 j 0.04571  j 0.10286 
 j 0.17143 j 0.05714 j 0.57143   j 0.05143  j 0.10286 j 0.23143 

 j 0.16 j 0.08 j 0.12 

  j 0.08 j 0.24 j 0.16 
 j 0.12 j 0.16 j 0.34 

This is the desired bus impedance matrix Z bus

Software:

MATLAB

MATLAB code:
clc
clear
% nl1 nr1 R1 X1
ztree= [1 3 0 0.4
0 1 0 0.2
2 0 0 0.4];
% nl2 nr2 R2 X2
zcotree=[2 1 0 0.8
3 2 0 0.4];
nl1=ztree(:,1);
nr1=ztree(:,2);
R1=ztree(:,3);
X1=ztree(:,4);
nl2=zcotree(:,1);
nr2=zcotree(:,2);
R2=zcotree(:,3);
X2=zcotree(:,4);
n1=max(max(nl1),max(nr1));
n2=max(max(nl2),max(nr2));
nbr1=length(nl1);
nbr2=length(nl2);
Z1=R1+j*X1;
Z2=R2+j*X2;
Zbus=zeros(n1,n1);
for i=1:n1;
if nl1(i)==0 || nr1(i)==0
if nl1(i)==0
Zbus(nr1(i),nr1(i))=Z1(i);
else Zbus(nl1(i),nl1(i))=Z1(i);
end
end
end
for i=1:n1
if nl1(i)>0 && nr1(i)>0
if nr1(i)>nl1(i)
for p=1:nbr1
Zbus(nr1(i),p)= Zbus(nl1(i),p);
Zbus(p,nr1(i))= Zbus(nl1(i),p);
end

Zbus(nr1(i),nr1(i))=Z1(nr1(i),nl1(i))+Zbus(nl1(i),nl1(i));

else
 if nl1(i)>nr1(i)
for p=1:nbr1
Zbus(p,nl1(i))= Zbus(p,nr1(i));
Zbus(nl1(i),p)= Zbus(p,nr1(i));
end
Zbus(nl1(i),nl1(i))=Z1(nl1(i),nr1(i))+Zbus(nr1(i),nr1(i));
end
end
end
end

for k=1:nbr2
a=Zbus(:,nr2(k))-Zbus(:,nl2(k));
b=Zbus(nr2(k),:)-Zbus(nl2(k),:);
Z3=Z2(k)+Zbus(nl2(k),nl2(k))+Zbus(nr2(k),nr2(k))-
2*Zbus(nl2(k),nr2(k));
Z=(1/Z3)*a*b;
Zbus=Zbus-Z;
end
Zbus

Output:

Zbus =

0.0000 + 0.1600i 0.0000 + 0.0800i 0.0000 + 0.1200i

0.0000 + 0.0800i 0.0000 + 0.2400i 0.0000 + 0.1600i

0.0000 + 0.1200i 0.0000 + 0.1600i 0.0000 + 0.3400i

Discussion: In this experiment , a generalized program was made for making z-

bus.Program was build and run in MATLAB.Making better understanding with
cotree and previous learned program the generalized program was successfully
made.