ANSYS V11 Rotor Dynamics Web Seminar

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© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

ANSYS Structural
Dynamics
Aline BELEY
Pierre THIEFFRY
ANSYS, Inc.

Rotordynamics outline
outline
Outline
1 Why / what is rotordynamics

2 Equations for rotating structures
3 Rotating and stationary frame of reference
4 Elements that support Coriolis and/or gyroscopic matrices
5 CORIOLIS command
6 Campbell diagram - PLCAMP, PRCAMP, CAMP
7 Backward / forward whirl & instability

Rotordynamics outline…
outline
Outline …
8 Multi-spool rotors
9 Whirl orbit plots – PLORB, PRORB
10 Bearing element – COMBIN214
11 Unbalance response – SYNCHRO
12 Examples
- 3D beam
- 3D thin disk (solid)
- Nelson (beam)
- Multi-spool with unbalance (beam)
- Transient orbits
- Industrial rotor models

Rotordynamics 1)
1) why
why // what
what is
is rotordynamics
rotordynamics ??
Why rotordynamics ?
• High speed machinery such as Turbine

Engine Rotors, Computer Disk Drives, etc.
• Very small rotor-stator clearances
• Flexible bearing supports – rotor instability

Rotordynamics 1)
1) why
why // what
what is
is rotordynamics
rotordynamics ??
What is rotordynamics ?
• Finding critical speeds

• Unbalance response calculation
• Response to Base Excitation
• Rotor whirl and system stability
predictions
• Transient start-up and stop

Rotordynamics 1)
1) why
why // what
what is
is rotordynamics
rotordynamics ??
What analysis features are needed ?
• Model gyroscopic moments generated

by rotating parts.
• Account for bearing flexibility (oil film
bearings)
• Model rotor imbalance and other
excitation forces (synchronous and
asynchronous excitation).

Rotordynamics 2)
2) theory
theory
Typical Rotor – Bearing System
Bearing support coefficients

C xx C xy  u& x  K xx K xy  u x  Fx 
C  &  +    = 
 yx C yy  u y  K yx K yy  u y  Fy 
Bearing coefficients may be function of rotational speed:
C (ω ) K (ω )

Rotordynamics 2) theory
Dynamic equation in stationary reference frame
[M ]{u&&} + ([C] + [Cgyr ]){u&} + [K ]{u} = {F}

Rotordynamics 3) reference frames
Dynamic equation in rotating reference frame
[M ]{&u& r } + ([C] + [Ccor ]){u& r } + ([K ] − [K spin ]){u r } = {F}

Coriolis matrix in dynamic analyses:
 0 − ωz ωy 
 
[Ccor ] = 2∫ ρ Φ T ω Φ dv ω =  ωz

0 − ωx 

− ωy ωx 0 

By extension, the Coriolis force in a static analysis:

{f c } = [Ccor ]{u& r }

Rotordynamics 3) reference frames
Stationary Reference Frame Rotating Reference Frame
Not applicable in static analysis In static analysis, Coriolis force vector

Ref: (ANTYPE, STATIC). can be applied via the IC command
Can generate Campbell plots for Campbell plots are not applicable for
Advanced computing rotor critical speeds. computing rotor critical speeds.
Analysis Structure must be axi-symmetric Structure need not be axi-symmetric

Guide – about spin axis. about spin axis.
Rotating structure can be part of a Rotating structure must be the only part
Section 8.4 - stationary structure (ex: Gas of an analysis model (ex: Gas Turbine
Choosing the Turbine Engine rotor-stator Engine Rotor).
Appropriate assembly).
Reference Supports more than one rotating Supports only a single rotating structure
Frame Option structure spinning at different (ex: a single-spool Gas Turbine Engine).
rotational speeds about different
axes of rotation (ex: a multi-spool
Gas Turbine Engine).

Rotordynamics 4) ANSYS elements
Applicable ANSYS element types
Stationary Reference Rotating Reference

Frame Frame
Rel. 10.0 BEAM4, PIPE16,

MASS21 BEAM188,
SHELL181, PLANE182,
PLANE183, SOLID185
BEAM189 SOLID186, SOLID187,
BEAM188, BEAM189,
SOLSH190, MASS21
Rel. 11.0 SOLID185, SOLID186,

SOLID187, SOLID45,
SOLID95
Rel. 12.0 SHELL181, SHELL63,

SHELL93, SOLSH190
(planned)

Rotordynamics 5) commands
Coriolis / Gyroscopic effect

CORIOLIS, Option, --, --, RefFrame
Specifies Coriolis effects flag for a rotating structure.

SOLUTION: inertia
Option
1 (ON or YES) – Activate Coriolis effects (default).
0 (OFF or NO) -- Deactivate.

RefFrame
1 (ON or YES) – Activate stationary reference frame.
0 (OFF or NO) – Deactivate (default).

Rotordynamics 5) commands
Specify rotational velocity: ω

OMEGA, OMEGX, OMEGY, OMEGZ, KSPIN
Rotational velocity of the structure.

SOLUTION: inertia
activate KSPIN for gyroscopic
effect in rotating reference frame
(by default for dynamic analyses)
CMOMEGA, CM_NAME, OMEGAX, OMEGAY, OMEGAZ, X1, Y1, Z1, X2, Y2, Z2, KSPIN
Rotational velocity -element component about a user-defined

rotational axis.
SOLUTION: inertia

Rotordynamics – 6)
6) Campbell
Campbell diagram
diagram
Campbell diagram
• Variation of the rotor natural frequency with respect to rotor speed ω

• In modal analysis perform multiple load steps at different angular velocities ω
• In post processor (POST1), use Campbell commands
– PLCAMP: display Campbell diagram

– PRCAMP: print frequencies and critical speeds
– CAMPB: support Campbell for prestressed structures

6) Campbell
Campbell diagram
diagram
Campbell diagram
PLCAMP, Option, SLOPE, UNIT, FREQB, Cname, STABVAL
Option
Flag to activate or deactivate sorting
SLOPE
The slope of the line which represents the number of
excitations per revolution of the rotor.
UNIT
Specifies the unit of measurement for rotational angular
velocities
FREQB
The beginning, or lower end, of the frequency range of
interest.
Cname
The rotating component name
STABVAL
Plot the real part of the eigenvalue (Hz)

Rotordynamics – 7) rotor whirl and instability
Rotor whirl motion
y ω
whirl motion
Elliptical whirl orbit

Rotordynamics – 7) rotor whirl and instability
Rotor whirl motion
As frequencies split with increasing spin

velocity, ANSYS identifies:
• forward (FW) and backward (BW) whirl
• stable / unstable operation
• critical speeds (PRCAMP)

8) multi-spool
multi-spool rotors
rotors
More than 1 spool and / or non-rotating parts, use components

(CM) and component rotational velocities
Multi-spool rotors (CMOMEGA).
PLCAMP, Option, SLOPE, UNIT, FREQB, Cname
component name
SPOOL1

8) multi-spool
multi-spool rotor
rotor
Whirl animation (ANHARM command)

Multi-spool rotors

9) whirl
whirl orbit
orbit plot
plot // print
print
Whirl orbit plot
• In a plane perpendicular to the spin axis,

the orbit of a node is an ellipse
• It is defined by 3 characteristics: semi

axes A , B and phase ψ in a local
coordinate system (x, y, z) where x is
the rotation axis
• Angle ϕ is the initial position of the

node with respect to the major semi-axis
A.

Rotordynamics –– 9)
9) whirl
whirl orbit
orbit plot
plot // print
print
Whirl orbit plot / print

Plot orbit: PLORB
Print orbit: PRORB

PRINT ORBITS FROM NODAL SOLUTION
LOCAL y AXIS OF ORBITS IN GLOBAL COORDINATES
0.0000E+00 0.1000E+01 0.0000E+00
LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 4

RFRQ= 0.0000 IFRQ= 2.5606 LOAD CASE= 0
ORBIT
NODE A B PSI PHI ymax zmax

1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.38232 0.38232 0.0000 0.0000 0.38232 0.38232
4 0.70711 0.70711 0.0000 0.0000 0.70711 0.70711
5 0.92301 0.92301 0.0000 0.0000 0.92301 0.92301

10) bearing
bearing element
element
Bearing element
COMBI214
• 2D spring/damper with cross-coupling

terms
• REAL constants are stiffness and

damping coefficients
• REAL constants can be table

parameters varying with spin velocity

10) bearing
bearing element
element
Bearing element ! Example of table parameters input

omega1 = 0.
KYY1 = 1.e+4
KZZ1 = 1.e+7
omega2 = 250.
KYY2 = 1.e+5
KZZ2 = 1.e+7 Tabular input for
omega3 = 500.
KYY3 = 1.e+6
REAL constant
KZZ3= 1.e+7
/com, Tabular data definition

*DIM,KYY,table,3,1,1,omegs
KYY(1,0) = omega1 , omega2 , omega3
KYY(1,1) = KYY1 , KYY2 , KYY3
*DIM,KZZ,table,3,1,1,omegs
KZZ(1,0) = omega1 , omega2 , omega3
KZZ(1,1) = KZZ1 , KZZ2 , KZZ3
k = k (ω) et, 3, 214
c = c (ω) keyopt, 3, 2, 1 ! YZ plane
r,1, %KYY%, %KZZ%

11) unbalance
unbalance response
response
Unbalance response
Possible excitations caused by rotation velocity ω are:
– Unbalance (ω)
– Coupling misalignment (2* ω)
– Blade, vane, nozzle, diffusers (s* ω)
– Aerodynamic excitations as in centrifugal compressors (0.5* ω)

11) unbalance
unbalance response
response
Unbalance response
Ansys command for synchronous and asynchronous forces

SYNCHRO, ratio, cname
– ratio
• The ratio between the frequency of excitation, f, and the frequency of the rotational velocity of the
structure.
– Cname
• The name of the rotating component on which to apply the harmonic excitation.
Note: The SYNCHRO command is valid only for full harmonic analysis (HROPT,Method = FULL)
ω= 2πf / ratio where, f = excitation frequency (defined in HARFRQ)
The rotational velocity, ω, is applied along the direction cosines of the

rotation axis (specified via an OMEGA or CMOMEGA command)

Rotordynamics – 11) unbalance response
Unbalance response
How to input unbalance forces?
Fy = Fb cos ω t = Fb e j ω t
Fz = Fb sin ω t = Fb cos (ω t - π / 2 )
=> Fz = − jF b e j ω t Fz
! Example of input file
z Fb = mrω 2 = F0 ω 2
/prep7
m
…
F0=m*r r
ωt
F, node, fy, F0
F, node, fz, , - F0
y
Fy

Rotordynamics – 12) examples
Ex: 1a Modal analysis of a 3D beam (SOLID185 – SOLID45)
Stationary
reference frame
CORIO, on, , , on
r
ω
ω = 30,000 rpm

Analytical solution
Ex: 1a from beam theory
Finite element solution
(SOLID185)
Frequencies 1 0 0.00000000 j
1 -0.62751987E-08 0.27924146E-03j
at 30,000 rpm using 0 - 0.00000000 j -0.62751987E-08 -0.27924146E-03j
QRDAMP eigensolver 2 0.0000000 4.6316102 j

2 0 4.64000956 j
0.0000000 -4.6316102 j
0 - 4.64000956 j
3 0.0000000 8.2842343 j
3 0 8.32109166 j
0.0000000 -8.2842343 j
0 - 8.32109166 j
4 0.0000000 18.515548 j
Ref: Gerhard Sauer & 4 0 18.5600383 less than
0.0000000 -18.515548 j
Michael Wolf, ‘FEA of 0 - 18.5600383 0.5% error
5 0.0000000 33.062286 j
Gyroscopic effects‘, Finite
5 0 33.2843666 j
Elements in Analysis & 0.0000000 -33.062286 j
0 - 33.2843666 j
Design, 5, (1989), 131-140 6 0.0000000 41.619417 j
6 0 41.7600861 j
0.0000000 -41.619417 j
0 41.7600861 j
7 0.0000000 73.890203 j
7 0 74.889824 j
0.0000000 -73.890203 j
0 - 74.889824 j
8 0.0000000 74.113637 j
8 0 74.2401530 j
0.0000000 -74.113637 j
0 -74.2401530 j
Ex: 1a Animation of the whirl using ANHARM command
Mode 1 - Backward whirl

Mode 2 - Forward whirl

Ex: 1b Clamped-free beam in rotating reference frame
/com, SOLID185
coriolis, on
omega, 2*62.832, 0, 0 ! (20 Hz)
Comparison of frequencies SOLID185 / BEAM188

SOLID185 BEAM188
First Bending 196.42 195.61
236.28 235.34
Second Bending 658.52 666.36
698.06 705.42
torsion 782.58 782.79
Third Bending 1340.9 1385.3
1380.0 1423.5

Ex: 2 Campbell diagram of spinning disk

Ex: 2 Spinning disk modeled with solid elements (SOLID45)
/com animation of the whirl

set,1,5
plnsol,u,sum
anharm ! >>>>>>>>

Ex: 3 Nelson rotor modeled with BEAM188

Damped Natural Frequencies (Hz)
Whirl 0 rpm 70,000 rpm
F (Hz) Ansys [1] Ansys [1] Ansys [1]
1 BW BW 271.2 271.1 214.5 213.6
2 FW FW 271.2 271.1 329.8 330.6
3 BW BW 808.8 806.4 762.4 760.0
4 FW FW 808.8 806.4 844.9 842.6
5 BW BW 1272.0 1273.0 1068.7 1066.5
6 FW FW 1272.0 1273.0 1516.2 1522.0
Critical speeds (rpm)
Ansys [1]
Ref. [1]: ‘Dynamics of rotor-
15,494 15,470 bearing systems using finite
elements’, J. of Eng. for Ind.,
17,146 17,159
May 1976
46,729 46,612
50,114 49,983
64,924 64,752
95,747 96,457

Ex: 3 Animation of the whirl (Nelson rotor using BEAM188)
/com, animation of the whirl

set,1,5
plnsol,u,sum
anharm !>>>>>>>>

Ex: 4 Unbalance response of a twin spool rotor
Twin spool rotor model

- 2 spools (BEAM188)
- 4 bearings (COMBI214)
- 4 disks (MASS21)
Disks are not visible (MASS21)

Ex: 4 Unbalance response of a twin spool rotor (Harmonic Analysis)

! Input unbalance forces
f0 = 70e-6 ! Solve
F, 7, FY, f0 /SOLU
! Campbell plot of inner spool F, 7, FZ, , -f0 antype, harmic
plcamp, ,1.0, rpm, , innSpool synchro, , innSpool

Ex: 4 Unbalance response of a twin spool rotor (Harmonic analysis)
/POST1
set,1, 262
/view, , 1, 1, 1
plorb ! >>>>>

Ex: 5
Transient orbital unsymmetric bearings
motion – rotor
instability
Stable at 30,000 rpm Unstable at 60,000 rpm

(3141.6 rad/sec) (6283.2 rad/sec)

Ex: 5 Modal analysis – rotor instability
Damped frequencies
from QRDAMP
eigensolver
Stable at 30,000 rpm Unstable at 60,000 rpm
(3141.6 rad/sec) (6283.2 rad/sec)
LOAD STEP OPTIONS LOAD STEP OPTIONS
LOAD STEP NUMBER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 LOAD STEP NUMBER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

INERTIA LOADS X Y Z INERTIA LOADS X Y Z
OMEGA. . . . . . . . . . . . 3141.6 0.0000 0.0000 OMEGA. . . . . . . . . . . . 6283.2 0.0000 0.0000
***** DAMPED FREQUENCIES FROM REDUCED DAMPED EIGENSOLVER ***** ***** DAMPED FREQUENCIES FROM REDUCED DAMPED EIGENSOLVER *****
MODE COMPLEX FREQUENCY (HERTZ) MODAL DAMPING RATIO MODE COMPLEX FREQUENCY (HERTZ) MODAL DAMPING RATIO
1 -27.142724 203.90118 j 0.13195307 1 -30.277781 186.52468 j 0.16022861

-27.142724 -203.90118 j 0.13195307 -30.277781 -186.52468 j 0.16022861
2 -0.18391233 272.56561 j 0.67474502E-03 2 6.0020412 289.58296 j 0.20722049E-01
-0.18391233 -272.56561 j 0.67474502E-03 6.0020412 -289.58296 j 0.20722049E-01
All complex frequencies real One complex frequency

parts are negative has a positive real part

Rotordynamics – 12) applications
1 Hard Disk Drive (I.Y. Shen and C.-P. Roger Ku “A non-Classical

Vibration Analysis of Multiple Rotating Disks/Shaft Assembly” ASME
1997)
1 Model
2 Campbell analysis
3 Mode shapes analysis
2 Blower Shaft
1 Model
2 Modal analysis
3 Unbalance synchronous response
4 Transient start-up
5 Campbell with thermal prestress

Hard Disk Drive - model
3 disks HDD sketch
ANSYS 4 disks model

Disks thickness = 0.8mm
Total mass = 87.5g
Spin = 755 rd/s
7855 elements

Hard Disk Drive - Campbell
Balanced and Unbalanced modes in

Stationary Reference Frame ***** FREQUENCIES (Hz) FROM CAMPBELL (sorting on) *****
Spin(rd/s) 0.000 376.992 753.984
3 BW 577.879 521.296 470.631 (0,1)u

4 FW 578.196 640.950 709.918
5 BW 654.745 654.745 654.744 (0,0)u
6 BW 668.441 611.326 559.352
7 BW 668.441 611.326 559.352
8 BW 668.441 611.326 559.352 (0,1)b
9 FW 668.759 731.224 799.040
10 FW 668.759 731.224 799.040
11 FW 668.759 731.224 799.040
12 BW 668.834 668.834 668.833 (0,0)b
(i,j)x where
i is the number of nodal circles
j is the number of nodal diameters
x is b for balanced or u for unbalanced
Hard Disk Drive – mode shapes
2 modes (0,1) unbalanced : FW and BW
Disks are vibrating in phase Hub is titlting

Animation of (0,1)u
Hub looks still

because its
displacements are
small compared to the
disks displacements
6 modes (0,1) balanced : 3 FW and 3 BW
1
Disks are
not
vibrating
in phase
2 3

Animation of first (0,1)b
Hub is still
while disks
are
vibrating

1 modes (0,0) unbalanced
Disks are vibrating in phase Hub is moving axially

Animation of (0,0)u
Hub looks still

because its
displacements are
small compared to the
disks displacements
3 modes (0,0) balanced
1
Disks are
not
vibrating
in phase
2 3

Blower Shaft - model
Impeller to pump hot hydrogen

rich mix of gas and liquid into
Solid Oxyde Fluid Cell.
Spin 10,000 rpm
ANSYS Model of
rotating part
99 beam elements
2 bearing elements
Blower Shaft - modal analysis
Frequencies and corresponding mode shapes orbits

***** FREQUENCIES (Hz) FROM CAMPBELL (sorting on) *****
Spin(rpm) 0.000 5000.000 10000.000
1.00xSpin 0.000 83.333 166.667

1 BW 115.552 105.999 96.640
2 FW 115.552 124.949 133.875
3 BW 490.534 448.773 413.217
4 FW 490.534 537.184 586.075

Blower Shaft – modal analysis
Campbell diagram
Stability values
Frequency values

Blower Shaft – critical speed
First FW critical speed

***** CRITICAL SPEEDS (rpm) FROM CAMPBELL (sorting on) *****
Slope of line : 1.000
1 6222.614
2 7796.469
3 none
4 none
Bearings are symmetric so

FW critical speeds will be
the only excited ones
Blower Shaft – unbalance response
Harmonic response to disk unbalance

- Disk eccentricity is .002”
- Disk mass is .0276 lbf-s2/in.
- Sweep frequencies 0-10000 rpm
Amplitude of displacement at disk Orbits at critical speed

Blower Shaft – unbalance response
Bearings reactions
Forward bearing is
more loaded than
rear one as first
mode is a disk mode.

Blower Shaft – start up
Transient analysis
10000
- Ramped rotational velocity over 4 seconds 9000
8000
7000
- Unbalance transient forces FY and FZ at disk
Rotational velocity (rpm)

6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Time (s)
Zoom of
transient
force
Displacement UY and UZ at disk

zoom on critical speed passage Amplitude of
displacement at disk
Ampl = U y2 + U z2

Transient orbits
0 to 4 seconds 3 to 4 seconds
As bearings are symmetric, orbits are circular

Blower Shaft – prestress
Include prestress due to thermal loading:
Thermal body load up to 1500 deg F
Resulting static displacements

Blower Shaft - prestress
Cambpell diagram comparison
No prestress With thermal prestress

Compressor:
Compressor: Free-Free
Free-Free Testing
Testing Apparatus
Apparatus used
used for
for
Initial
Initial Model
Model Calibration
Calibration
+Z
Courtesy of Trane, a business of American Standard, Inc.

Compressor:
Compressor: Location
Location of
of Lumped
Lumped Representation
Representation of
of
Impellers
Impellers and
and Bearings
Bearings

Compressor:
Compressor: SOLID185
SOLID185 Mesh
Mesh of
of Shaft
Shaft
Very stiff symmetric contact

between axial segments

Compressor:
Compressor: Forward
Forward Whirl
Whirl Mode
Mode

Compressor:
Compressor: Backward
Backward Whirl
Whirl Mode
Mode

Compressor:
Compressor: Campbell
Campbell Diagram
Diagram with
with Variable
Variable Bearings
Bearings

Solid
Solid Model
Model of
of Rotor
Rotor with
with Chiller
Chiller Assembly
Assembly

Meshed
Meshed Rotor
Rotor and
and Chiller
Chiller Assembly
Assembly

Analysis
Analysis model
model –– Supporting
Supporting Structure
Structure
Represented
Represented by
by CMS
CMS Super
Super Element
Element
Finite Element Model

of Rotor and Impellers
Housing and Entire

Chiller Assembly
Represented by a CMS
Superelement

Analysis
Analysis Model
Model
Bearing
Locations
Outline of CMS
Impellers Superelement

Typical
Typical Mode
Mode Animation
Animation

Additional v11 Web Events
• ANSYS v11 Update

• v11 Enhancements to Elements, Materials and Solvers
• ANSYS CFX v11 Update
• Pressure Vessel Module
• Rotordynamics with ANSYS v11
• ANSYS CFX TurboSystem
• Fluid Structure Interaction - ANSYS and CFX
• CFD Analysis with ANSYS CFX
• ANSYS AUTODYN in Workbench
• Design Modifications without CAD
• Up-Front CFD using ANSYS CFX
• Random Vibration Solutions in Workbench
http://www.ansys.com/special/ansys11/email1.htm

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Welcome!

• To Hear the Audio • To Ask Questions

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

© 2006 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

1 Why / what is rotordynamics

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

• High speed machinery such as Turbine

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

• Finding critical speeds

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

What analysis features are needed ?

• Model gyroscopic moments generated

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Typical Rotor – Bearing System

Bearing support coefficients

Bearing coefficients may be function of rotational speed:

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Dynamic equation in stationary reference frame

[M ]{u&&} + ([C] + [Cgyr ]){u&} + [K ]{u} = {F}

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Dynamic equation in rotating reference frame

[M ]{&u& r } + ([C] + [Ccor ]){u& r } + ([K ] − [K spin ]){u r } = {F}

By extension, the Coriolis force in a static analysis:

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Stationary Reference Frame Rotating Reference Frame

Not applicable in static analysis In static analysis, Coriolis force vector

Analysis Structure must be axi-symmetric Structure need not be axi-symmetric

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Applicable ANSYS element types

Stationary Reference Rotating Reference

Rel. 10.0 BEAM4, PIPE16,

Rel. 11.0 SOLID185, SOLID186,

Rel. 12.0 SHELL181, SHELL63,

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Coriolis / Gyroscopic effect

Specifies Coriolis effects flag for a rotating structure.

0 (OFF or NO) -- Deactivate.

1 (ON or YES) – Activate stationary reference frame.

0 (OFF or NO) – Deactivate (default).

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Specify rotational velocity: ω

Rotational velocity of the structure.

Rotational velocity -element component about a user-defined

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

• Variation of the rotor natural frequency with respect to rotor speed ω

– PLCAMP: display Campbell diagram

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Rotor whirl motion

Elliptical whirl orbit

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Rotor whirl motion

As frequencies split with increasing spin

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

More than 1 spool and / or non-rotating parts, use components

PLCAMP, Option, SLOPE, UNIT, FREQB, Cname

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Whirl animation (ANHARM command)

© 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Whirl orbit plot

• In a plane perpendicular to the spin axis,

• It is defined by 3 characteristics: semi