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Ecology
Test-1
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 Ecology Test-1
Part -1
Ecology Test-1
1. Which of the following statements is/are true
about Ecotone?
1. It is a zone of junction of two or more
diverse ecosystems.
2. Both mangrove forests and grasslands are
the examples of Ecotone.
3. Edge effect occurs when the territorial
size of ecotone is much larger than the
adjacent ones.
Select the correct answer using the codes
given below:
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
(c) Only 3 (d) All
2. Which of the following statements is/are true
about Ecological Niche ?
1. A niche is a unique functional role or
place of a species in an ecosystem.
2. Higher the number of niche in an
ecosystem, more stable is the ecosystem.
3. Some species tend to have exact identical
ecological niche in an ecosystem to
maintain stability and continuity.
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 1
(c) Only 3 (d) All
3. Which of the following terms associated with
the Ecosystem is/are correctly matched?
1. Net primary productivity of an
ecosystem is the rate of production of
organic matter during photosynthesis.
2. Catabolism is when Bacterial and fungal
enzymes degrade detritus into simpler
inorganic substances.
3. Secondary productivity is defined as the
rate of formation of new organic matter
by consumers.
Select the correct answer using the codes
given below:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 1
(c) 2 and 3 (d) All
4. Which of the following statements related to
the Bird Life International is/are correct?
1. It is a platform for all the stakeholders
engaged in genetic resource conservation
and management of birds in developing
nations.
2. Bird Life International is the official Red
List authority for birds, for the
International Union for Conservation of
Nature.
3. It publishes the scientific journal Bird
Conservation International.
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All
5. Which of the following statements is/are true
about Forest Ecosystem?
1. The productivity and community
stability of a Coniferous forest is lower
than any of the types of forest.
2. Tropical Evergreen Forests are the only
forest where trees don't shed their leaves
in accordance with the seasonal changes.
3. Rosewood and Sandalwood are found in
Tropical Deciduous forest.
Codes:
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) All
6. Which of the following current events related
to the renewable energy is/are correctly
matched?
 1. India's first LNG-powered bus rolled out
in Kerala.
2. India's first BIO-CNG plant producing
CNG from agricultural residue was
inaugurated in Punjab.
3. India's first Second Generation (2G)
Ethanol Bio-refinery is being proposed at
Pune.
Select the correct answer using the codes
given below:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) Only 1
7. The world's largest Marine Protected Area
(MPA) has been declared at Ross Sea by
which of the following organization?
(a) United Nations Environment
Programme.
(b) Scientific Committee on Antarctic
Research.
(c) Commission for the Conservation of
Antarctic Marine Living Resources.
(d) International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources.
8. In Grasslands there is combination of drought
and fires that prevents biome from becoming
more forest like. Why the grasses are able to
withstand the fire?
(a) Because they have fire resistant resin
present in them.
(b) Because they have evolved to have large
deep root systems.
(c) Because they have certain weeds attached
that prevent them from burning.
(d) None of the above.
9. Which of the following is/are the examples of
ecotone regions?
1. The border between a forest and a
grassland.
2. Area between a soft-bottom and a hard-
bottom marine substrate.
3. The bank of a stream running through a
meadow.
4. The estuary lying between river and sea.
Codes:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1 and 4 (d) All
10. Which of the following statements is/are true
about trophic levels in an ecosystem?
1. The energy always flow from higher to
lower trophic levels.
2. In an ecosystem there is always a high
chance of having larger number of
trophic levels for better movement of
nutrients.
3. Food webs are more stable than a food
chain in an ecosystem.
Codes:
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3
(c) Only 3 (d) All
11. Which of the following is/are the example of
parasitic food chain?
1. Dead organic matter - Detritivores -
Predators.
2. Trees - Fruit eating birds - Lice and bugs -
Bacteria and fungi.
3. Zebra - Nematode - Filamentous bacteria.
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) None (d) All
12. Which of the following depict the Behavioral
adaptations done by plants and animals?
1. Being primarily active at night rather
than during daylight hours.
2. Having striped fur for camouflage.
3. Living underground to get protection
from roaming predator.
4. Prevention of water loss from body
(plants and animals) by reducing surface
area.
Codes:
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) All
13. Which of the following statements is/are
correct related to the Amensalism?
(a) It is used to describe a relationship where
two species interact with each other
beneficially, but their relations are not
obligatory.
(b) It is used to describe strongly
asymmetrical competitive interactions,
which inflicts harm to another organism.
 (c) It is used to describe a relationship where 3. In Tropical regions Plants have shallow
one species is harmed and the other roots to help capture nutrients from the
benefits. top level of soil which is rich in humus.
(d) It is used to describe a relationship where Codes:
the growth and survival of both
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
populations is benefited.
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All
14. Raijiv Gandhi Environment Award is given
for outstanding contributions in which of the 17. Which of the following statements is/are true
following field? about the predators in an ecosystem?
(a) It is given to encourage public 1. They help in transferring the energy fixed
participation in environment. by the lower trophic to higher trophic.
(b) It is given to industrial units that make a 2. They help in checking the growth of prey
significant contribution towards clean population.
technology. 3. They help in preventing the extinction of
(c) It is given to honor grassroots species due to increment in inter-specific
environmental heroes for their competition.
contribution in environmental Codes:
development.
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
(d) It is given to scholars for writing Hindi
(c) Only 3 (d) All
books on environment to increase
awareness. 18. What were the objectives of setting up of
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve?
15. Consider the following statements about the
Sloth Bear: 1. To conserve in-situ genetic diversity of
species.
1. It is a nocturnal (hunting at night) bear
species that feeds chiefly on insects. 2. To restore degraded ecosystems to their
natural conditions.
2. It is listed in Schedule I of Indian Wildlife
Protection Act, 1972. 3. To provide baseline data for ecological
and environmental research and
3. The forest department gives
education.
compensation for bear attacks if there is a
death or injury. 4. To function as an alternate model for
sustainable development.
4. Rajasthan government has launched the
Sloth Bear Habitat project to provide Select the correct answer from the below
better habitat by restoring the ecology of given codes:
Jessore Wildlife Sanctuary. (a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) All
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 19. Which of the following statements is/are true
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4 about Aquatic Ecosystem?
16. Which of the following statements is/are true 1. Estuaries and mangrove swamps come
about the adaptation made in living under the category of freshwater
organisms? ecosystems.
1. Mammals from colder regions generally 2. Planktons are the microscopic plants
have shorter ears and limbs to minimise which are controlled by the currents in
heat loss. the aquatic body.
2. In higher altitudes the human body 3. The growth of green algae on water
produces a large number of RBCs in bodies are the indication of
order to deal with low oxygen eutrophication.
availability. Codes:
 (a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3 Award. Consider the following statements
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All regarding this award:
1. It is given by UNESCO.
20. Which of the following statements is/are true
about Ecological Pyramids? 2. It is given for conservation of natural
World Heritage Sites in challenging
1. In Pyramid of Biomass is determined by
situations.
measuring dry weight of the organisms.
2. Inverted Pyramid of Biomass happens Which of the above statements is/are correct?
when the smaller weight of producers (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
support consumers of larger weight. (c) Both (d) None
3. Ecological pyramids have no place for
24. Which of the following definitions related to
detrivoves and decomposers though they
the different kinds of species is/are correct?
play a vital role in ecosystem.
1. Foundation species play a major role in
Codes: creating or maintaining a habitat that
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 supports other species.
(c) Only 3 (d) All 2. Cosmopolitan species are that whose
range extends across all or most of the
21. Which of the following statements is/are true
world in appropriate habitats.
about Mangroves?
3. Indicator species are popular, charismatic
1. These are generally found in tropical and
species that serve as symbols and rallying
sub-tropical sheltered coastlines.
points to stimulate conservation
2. These tress have high resistance to awareness and action.
salinity stress and water logging.
Codes:
3. Mangroves helps in increasing the
fertility of the coastal soil by blocking (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
salinity ingress. (c) Only 1 (d) All
Codes: 25. Which of the following statements is/are true
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 about wetlands?
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All 1. These include marshy areas, flood plains
and littorals.
22. Which of the following is/are the examples of
2. These are useful for filtration of
competition among species?
sediments and nutrients from surface
1. Algae and Lichens in Tundra region. water.
2. Cheetah and Lions in Savannah forest. 3. In India, the area under paddy
3. Ticks over the body of cattle. cultivation constitute the majority of
wetland area.
Codes:
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 Codes:
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All (a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
(c) Only 3 (d) All
23. Bibhuti Lahkar has become the first Asian to
be awarded the prestigious Heritage Heroes
vvvvvvv
 Ecology Test-1 Answers
Part -1
Ans. 1. (b)
Exp: The edge effects are changes in population or
community structures that occur at the
boundary of two habitats. Areas with small
habitat fragments exhibit especially
pronounced edge effects that may extend
throughout the range. As the edge effects
increase, the boundary habitat allows for
greater biodiversity. It is not related to the
territorial size.
Ans. 2. (a)
Exp: Different species may have similar niche, but
not exactly identical niche.
Ans. 3. (c)
Exp: Primary production is defined as the amount
of biomass or organic matter produced per
unit area over a time period by plants during
photosynthesis. It is expressed in terms of
weight (g -2) or energy (kcal m-2). The rate of
biomass production is called productivity.
Gross primary productivity of an ecosystem
is the rate of production of organic matter
during photosynthesis. Gross primary
productivity minus respiration losses (R), is
the net primary productivity (NPP).
Secondary productivity is defined as the rate
of formation of new organic matter by
consumers.
Ans. 4. (b)
Exp: It is a global partnership of conservation
organizations that strives to conserve birds,
their habitats and global biodiversity,
working with people towards sustainability
in the use of natural resources.
It is the world's largest partnership of
conservation organizations, with over 120
partner organizations.
Bird Life International is the official Red List
authority for birds, for the International
Union for Conservation of Nature.
Publications:
• Bird Life International publishes a quarterly
magazine, World Birdwatch, which contains
recent news and authoritative articles about
birds, their habitats, and their conservation
around the world.
• It publishes the scientific journal Bird
Conservation International.
Ans. 5. (a)
Exp: Coniferous Forest: Soils are poor and
temperature is not high enough. So
productivity and community stability are
lower in general. These forests also are
evergreen in nature and don't shed their
leaves in accordance with the seasonal
changes.
Tropical Evergreen: Rosewood, Mahogany,
Ebony, etc.
Tropical Deciduous: Sandalwood, Sal, Teak,
etc.
Ans. 6. (d)
Exp: India's first BIO-CNG plant producing CNG
from agricultural residue was inaugurated in
Pune. India's first Second Generation (2G)
Ethanol Bio-refinery is being proposed at
Bhatinda.
Ans. 7. (c)
Exp: The new marine protected area in the Ross
Sea was created by a unanimous decision of
the international body that oversees the
waters around Antarctica-the Commission for
 the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living
Resources.
South of New Zealand and deep in the
Southern (or Antarctic) Ocean, the 1.9 million
square-mile Ross Sea is sometimes called the
"Last Ocean" because it is largely untouched
by humans. Its nutrient-rich waters are the
most productive in the Antarctic, leading to
huge plankton and krill blooms that support
vast numbers of fish, seals, penguins, and
whales.
Marine protected areas (MPA) are protected
areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or large lakes.
MPAs restrict human activity for a
conservation purpose, typically to protect
natural or cultural resources. Such marine
resources are protected by local, state,
territorial, native, regional, national, or
international authorities and differ
substantially among and between nations.
Ans. 8. (b)
Exp: The combination of drought and fires is what
prevents this particular biome from becoming
more forest like. Yet the fires won't destroy
the grass as they grow from the bottom of the
stems. Therefore they can continue to grow
even if the tops of them have been singed by
the fire. Native grasses have deeper root
systems that can survive fires, but invasive
plants tend to have shallower roots and
succumb to fires.
Ans. 9. (d)
Exp: Ecotone, a transitional area of vegetation
between two different plant communities,
such as forest and grassland. It has some of
the characteristics of each bordering
biological community and often contains
species not found in the overlapping
communities. An ecotone may exist along a
broad belt or in a small pocket, such as a
forest clearing, where two local communities
blend together.
Ans. 10. (c)
Exp: The energy always flow from lower to higher
trophic levels.
In an ecosystem there is always a very low
chance of having more than six trophic levels
as hardly any energy is left to support the
number of organism.
Ans. 11. (b)
Exp: In this type of food chain either the producer
or the consumer is parasitized and therefore
the food passes to the smaller organism. The
energy transfer through this kind of food
chain is not significant.
Example: Trees  Fruit eating birds  Lice
and bugs  Bacteria and fungi.
Zebra - Nematode - Filamentous bacteri.
Radiant energy of the sun  Green Plants 
Sheep  Liver fluke.
Ans. 12. (a)
Exp: Prevention of water loss from body (plants
and animals) by reducing surface area is a
form of physical adaptation.
An adaptation is "the appearance or
behaviour or structure or mode of life of an
organism that allows it to survive in a
particular environment".
Some adaptations are structural. Structural
adaptations are physical features of an
organism like the bill on a bird or the fur on a
bear. Other adaptations are behavioral.
Behavioral adaptations are the things
organisms do to survive such as migration,
hibernation, camouflage, etc.
Ans. 13. (b)
Exp: Amensalism, is a negative association
between two species in which one species
harms or restricts the other species
without itself being adversely affected or
harmed by the presence of the other
species. Organisms that secrete
antibiotics and the species that get
inhibited by the antibiotics are examples
of amensalism.
Ans. 14. (b)
Exp: This award is given to industrial units that
make a significant contribution towards the
development of new, or the innovative
modification of existing, technologies or
adoption and use of clean technologies and
practices that substantially reduce or prevent
environmental pollution. The award consists
of a cash prize of Rupees Two lakh, trophy
and citation.
Ans. 15. (a)
Exp: The sloth bear is a nocturnal (hunting at
night) bear species that feeds chiefly on
insects, found wild within the Indian
Subcontinent. IUCN estimates that less than
20,000 sloth bears survive in the wilds of the
Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka. IUCN
classifies it as vulnerable. It is listed in
Schedule I of Indian Wildlife Protection Act,
1972, which provides Legal protection.
International trade is prohibited as it is listed
in Appendix I of the Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species.
Gujarat government has launched the Sloth
Bear Habitat project to provide better habitat
by restoring the ecology of Jessore wildlife
sanctuary, where more trees will be planted
and unwanted vegetation removed.
Ans. 16. (d)
Ans. 17. (b)
Exp: By consuming the food from lower trophics
they derive the energy from it. As they keep
the prey population under control, the inter-
specific competition gets reduced among the
prey species.
Ans. 18. (d)
Exp: Nilgiri biosphere was the 1st biosphere
reserve established in India. It is located in
Western Ghats and includes 2 of the 10 bio-
geographical provinces of India. Wide ranges
of ecosystems and species diversity are
founded in this region.
The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was
established mainly to fulfill the following
objectives:
– To conserve insitu genetic diversity of
species.
– To restore degraded ecosystems to their
natural conditions.
– To provide baseline data for ecological and
environmental research and education.
– To function as an alternate model for
sustainable development.
Ans. 19. (b)
Exp: They are brackish water ecosystems.
Ans. 20. (d)
vvvvvvv
Ans. 21. (d)
Exp: These trees are known for their resistance to
salinity and water logging. That's why these
are found along deltaic region.
Mangroves have a very dense root system
which acts as a barrier against the salinity
ingress happening at the coastal areas.
Reduction in salinity ingress increases the
fertility of the soil resulting in more fertile
land and better arable land.
Ans. 22. (b)
Exp: Algae and Lichens are in mutualism. Cheetah
and Lions are in competition to grab their
prey. Ticks are sucking the blood and hence it
is parasitism.
Ans. 23. (b)
Exp: The Heritage Heroes award is given by
IUCN. It aims to recognize the outstanding
efforts of a few brave people, around the four
corners of the world, who relentlessly invest
efforts to make a difference in the way natural
World Heritage sites are conserved,
sometimes despite life-threatening situations.
The objective of this initiative is to inspire
people to value the importance of natural
World Heritage sites and recognize the need
to collectively invest in their conservation.
Ans. 24. (a)
Exp: Flagship species are popular, charismatic
species that serve as symbols and rallying
points to stimulate conservation awareness
and action. Examples of flagship species
include the Bengal tiger, the giant panda,
Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), etc.
Flagship species can represent an
environmental feature (e.g. a species or
ecosystem), cause (e.g. climate change or
ocean acidification), organization (e.g. NGO
or government department) or geographic
region (e.g. state or protected area).
Indicator species can signal a change in the
biological condition of a particular ecosystem,
and thus may be used as a proxy to diagnose
the health of an ecosystem.
Ans. 25. (d)
Exp: It also helps in nutrients recycling, water
purification, groundwater recharging, etc.
Area under paddy cultivation constitutes 70%
of the total wetland area.
 Ecology Test-1
Part -2

Ecology Test-2

1. Which of the following statements is/are true 3. In Ecosystem the energy, nutrients and
about Ecological Succession? wastes cycle among the various biotic
and abiotic components.
1. It is the process of change in the species
structure of an ecological community Codes:
over time. (a) Only 1
2. In this climax community is succeeded by (b) 2 and 3
the pioneer community.
(c) Only 3
3. It is characterized by increased niche
(d) 1 and 3
development and complexity of food
webs. 4. Which of the following pairs is/are corrct?
Codes: 1. Olive Ridley Turtle : It is found mostly in
Gahirmatha, Andhra Pradesh.
(a) 1 and 2
2. Gangetic River dolphin : It is declared as
(b) Only 2
city animal of Guwahati.
(c) Only 3
3. White Tiger : Safari is opened at
(d) 1 and 3 Madhya Pradesh.
2. Which of the following are herbivores marine Codes:
mammals?
(a) 1 and 2
1. Sea cows
(b) 2 and 3
2. Sea lion
(c) Only 3
3. Seals
(d) All
4. Manatees
5. Which of the following statements is/are true
5. Dugongs
about Grasslands?
Codes: 1. These are formed over the regions of high
(a) 1, 2 and 4 temperature and high rainfall.
(b) 1, 4 and 5 2. Regular fires promote the growth of
(c) 3, 4 and 5 native grasses but limit the growth of
trees.
(d) 2, 3, 4 and 5
3. Grasslands are important for maintaining
3. Which of the following statements is/are true the richness and size of livestock
about Ecosystem? population.
1. It is defined as the community of living 4. The grasses found here can either be tall
organisms in association with the non- or short depending on the location of the
living components and their physical grassland and the amount of rain they
interaction. receive.
2. Ecosystem is generally larger in size than
Codes:
the biosphere.
 (a) 1, 2 and 3 Select the answer using the code given below.
(b) 2, 3 and 4 (a) Only 1
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(d) All (c) All
6. Which of the following statements is/are true (d) None
about Coral Reefs? 10. Consider the following statements regarding
1. The basis of coral formation lies in the Seaweeds:
symbiotic relationship between corals 1. The Seaweeds are macrophytic algae
and zooxanthelle microscopic bacteria. having well developed roots and stems.
2. Majority of corals are found in temperate 2. Seaweeds grow in the shallow waters.
and sub-polar regions.
3. Seaweeds provide valuable source of raw
3. Coral Reefs act as the barrier against the materials for industries like fertliser and
worst ravages of storms, hurricanes, and textile.
typhoons.
4. Seaweeds are rich in minerals and
Codes: vitamins.
(a) Only 1 Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(b) 2 and 3 (a) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Only 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(d) All (c) 3 and 4
7. Which of the following correctly explain the (d) All
term 'sere(s)'?
11. With reference to 'Eco-Sensitive Zone', which
(a) The natural habitat of a mammal. of the following statements is/are correct?
(b) The sequence of changing community. 1. It act as a buffer for further protection
(c) The functional role of a species. around Protected Areas (PAs) such as
(d) The place of a species in a food chain. National Parks and Wildlife sanctuaries.
2. It is notified under Environment
8. Which of the following is/are true regarding
(Protection) Act, 1986.
Radon?
3. The purpose of the declaration of eco-
1. It is the primary source of indoor air
sensitive zones is to prohibit all kinds of
pollution.
human activities, in those zones except
2. It results from the radioactive decay of agriculture.
radium in the soil.
Select the correct answer using the code given
3. It enters the lungs and decays, producing
below.
alpha and Beta radiations that damages
DNA. (a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
Codes:
(c) 2 and 3
(a) 1 and 3
(d) All
(b) 2 and 3
(c) Only 3 12. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly
matched?
(d) All
1. Bejjur Forest Reserve :
9. Which among the following critically Telangana
endangered species belong to Jammu &
2. Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary : Nagaland
Kashmir?
3. Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary : Sikkim
1. Red stag
2. Markhor Codes:
3. Chiru (a) Only 1
 (b) 2 and 3 (d) All
(c) 1 and 3 16. Which of the following represents, "the effect
(d) All of human activities on the climate in terms of
the total amount of greenhouse gases
13. Which of the following statements is/are true
produced"?
regarding Ozone?
(a) Carbon Footprint
1. In Stratosphere, it shields the earth from
the harmful ultra violet rays of the sun. (b) Carrying Capacity
2. It is one of the primary components of (c) Biotic Consumption
the photochemical smog. (d) None of the above
3. It lowers human being’s resistance to 17. Which of the following statements is/are true
cold and pneumonia. about secondary succession?
Codes: 1. It gets developed after an existing
(a) 1 and 3 community gets destroyed completely.
(b) 1 and 2 2. Pace of secondary succession is much
faster than that of primary succession.
(c) 2 and 3
(d) All Codes:
(a) Only 1
14. Which of the following statements is/are true
about different types of food chains? (b) Only 2
1. In grazing food chain the green plants (c) Both
form the base with herbivores as the (d) None
primary consumers.
18. Which among the following can be
2. Litter being consumed by the earthworm considered as example of loss of ecological
forms the part of detritus food chain. footprint?
3. Grazing and detritus food chain are 1. Loss of livelihood of fishermen.
entirely separate from each other having
2. Damage to fish, turtles, crabs among
no link.
other marine animals.
Codes: 3. Consumers' reluctance to buy sea food.
(a) 1 and 2 4. Environmental damage to coastal areas.
(b) 2 and 3
Codes:
(c) Only 3
(a) 1, 2 and 4
(d) All
(b) 1 and 3
15. Which of the following statements is/are true (c) 2 and 4
about Hibernation?
(d) All
1. Hibernation is a state of inactivity and
metabolic depression in endotherms. 19. Which of the following statements define the
natural and cultural significance of
2. Electrical activity in the brain almost
Khangchendzonga National Park?
completely ceases during hibernation,
just response to external stimuli occurs. 1. It is home to a sacred site of Tibetan
Buddhism.
3. The main purpose is to conserve energy
during a period when sufficient food is 2. Presence of indigenous religious and
unavailable. cultural practices of the Lepcha for
environmental conservation.
Codes:
3. It lies within the Himalaya global
(a) 1 and 3 biodiversity hotspot and is home to a
(b) 2 and 3 significant number of endemic, rare and
(c) Only 3 threatened plant and animal species.
 Codes: (d) All
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 23. Which of the following statements is/are true
(c) All (d) None about Biogeochemical Cycles?
20. Which of the following statements is/are true 1. These cycles represent the energy and
regarding ‘Dissolved Oxygen’? materials in circulation in an ecosystem.
1. Higher the amounts of waste in water 2. In gaseous cycle the reservoir is the
lower will be the BOD. atmosphere and in sedimentary cycle the
reservoir is the earth's crust.
2. BOD is limited to biodegradable
materials only whereas COD is limited to 3. In Carbon cycle, the CO2 is released after
non-biodegradable materials only. the biodegradation of dead organic
3. COD is slightly better mode used to matter.
measure pollution load in water than Codes:
BOD.
(a) 1 and 2
Codes: (b) 2 and 3
(a) Only 1 (c) Only 3
(b) 1 and 3 (d) All
(c) Only 3
24. Which of the following statements is/are true
(d) All about Ozone?
21. Which of the following statements is/are true 1. Ozone is always beneficial for human
about Taiga forest ecosystem? beings on earth.
1. It is characterized by coniferous forest 2. Refrigeration process leads to
having spruce and pines. destruction of ozone molecules.
2. It is the world's largest biome apart from 3. Halogen compounds are responsible for
the oceans. ozone depletion.
3. Its soil is old in age and thus rich in Codes:
nutrients.
(a) Only 1
Codes: (b) 2 and 3
(a) 1 and 2 (c) Only 3
(b) 2 and 3 (d) All
(c) Only 3
25. Consider the following statements regarding
(d) All Coal Gasification:
22. Which of the following categories of 1. Coal gasification produces syngas.
Ecosystem Services is/are correctly matched? 2. Coal gasification can be used for making
1. Provisioning Services : Proving food, raw ammonia and methanol.
material & water. 3. Coal gasification produces less carbon
2. Supporting Services : Carbon Se- dioxide than traditional coal plants.
questration.
Which of the above statements are true?
3. Cultural Services : Recreational activities.
(a) 1 and 2
Codes: (b) 2 and 3
(a) 1 and 3 (c) 1 and 3
(b) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Only 3
vvvvvvv
 Ecology Test-1 Answers
Part -2

Ans. 1. (d) Exp: These are formed over the regions of

moderate temperature and moderate rainfall.
Exp: First the pioneer community gets developed
It is an intermediate between a forest
and later on at last stage climax community
ecosystem and a desert ecosystem.
gets developed.
Ans. 6. (c)
Ans. 2. (b)
Exp: Zooxanthellae is an algae not bacteria, live
Exp: Sea Cows, Manatees and Dugongs are
symbiotically within the coral polyp tissues
herbivores marine mammals. They make their
and assist the coral in nutrient production
living grazing on sea grasses, marine algae in
through its photosynthetic activities. Majority
coastal temperate and tropical waters of
of corals are found in tropical and sub-
North America, Asia and Africa. Seals and sea
tropical areas as they require moderately high
lions come under the order of carnivore.
temperature for growth. Great Australian
Ans. 3. (d) Reef is the largest coral reef in the world.

Exp: Biosphere is a larger entity which comprises Ans. 7. (b)

of the living world. Hence ecosystem being a
Exp: Sere is related to ecological succession. The
part of biosphere will be smaller than
entire sequence of communities that
biosphere.
successfully change in a given area.
Ans. 4. (d)
Ans. 8. (d)
Exp: Olive Ridley Turtles- They are smallest and
Exp: Radon occurs naturally as an intermediate
most abundant of all the sea turtle species.
step in the normal radioactive decay chains
They are Omnivores. They are found only in
through which thorium and uranium slowly
warmer waters, including the southern
decay into lead; radon, itself, is a decay
Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.
product of radium. It is colourles, odourless
Gahirmatha located in the Bhitarkanika
gas, source of indoor pollution.
Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha houses the world
largest mass nesting site of these turtles. Past It enters the lungs and decays, producing
few years, Sandy stretches of Hope Island of alpha and Beta radiations that damages DNA
the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra and causes lung cancer.
Pradesh have also emerged as a breeding
Ans. 9. (c)
ground for these turtles.
Exp: IUCN (International Union for Conservation
Gangetic River dolphin is declared as city
of Nature) all set to declare Kashmiri Red
animal of Guwahati
Stag or Hangul as a 'critically endangered'
The world's maiden 'White Tiger Safari is species. Earlier it was considered as a
opened' at Mukundpur in Satna district in the subspecies of red deer. Kashmiri Red Stag or
State's Vindhya region Hangul is known for its giant antlers bearing
11 to 16 points. They are largely confined to
Ans. 5. (b)
the Greater Dachigam Landscape (1,000
sq.km.), encompassing the Dachigam
 National Park (NP) and adjoining protected
areas. It is one of three critically endangered
species in Jammu and Kashmir. The other two
are markhor and the Tibetan antelope or
'chiru'. It was designated as State Animal of
Jammu & Kashmir in 1980's.
Ans. 10. (b)
Exp: The Seaweeds are macrophytic algae, a
primitive type of plants lacking true roots,
stems and leaves. The word seaweed gives
the wrong impression that it is a useless
plant. Seaweeds are wonder plants of the sea
and highly useful plants. Seaweeds grow in
the shallow waters. Root system and
conducting tissues like land plants are absent
in seaweeds. Seaweeds provide new
renewable source of food, energy, chemicals
and medicines. It also provides valuable
source of raw material for industries like
health food, medicines, pharmaceuticals,
textiles, fertilizers, animal feed etc. Seaweeds
are rich in minerals, vitamins, trace elements
and bioactive substances, seaweeds are called
medical food of the 21st century. Seaweeds
grow abundantly along the Tamil Nadu and
Gujarat coasts and around Lakshadweep and
Andaman and Nicobar islands. There are also
rich seaweed beds around Mumbai,
Ratnagiri, Goa, Karwar, Varkala, Vizhinjam
and Pulicat inTamil Nadu and Chilka in
Orissa.
Ans. 11. (b)
Exp: It is created to act as a buffer for further
protection around Protected Areas (PAs) such
as National Parks and Wildlife sanctuaries.
Activities around such areas are regulated
and managed so as to protect the
environment.
ESZ is notified under Section 3 of the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 by the
Union Ministry of Environment and Forest.
ESZ Guidelines classify activities under
three categories:
Prohibited: Commercial Mining, Setting of
Saw Mill, Setting of industries causing
pollution, establishment of major
hydroelectric projects etc
Regulated: Felling of Trees, Establishment of
hotels and resorts, erection of electrical cables,
drastic change of agricultural systems etc
Permitted: Ongoing agriculture and
horticulture practices by local communities,
rain water harvesting, organic farming etc
Sanjay Gandhi National Park in Mumbai has
been notified as Eco-sensitive zone.
Ans. 12. (a)
Exp: The match is as follows:
• Bejjur Forest Reserve - Telengana.
• Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary - Andhra Pradsh.
• Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary - Karnatka.
• Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary - Karnatka.
• Kali Tiger Reserves - Karnatka.
• Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary - Kerala.
Ans. 13. (d)
Exp: While ozone in the stratosphere protects earth
from harmful UV radiation, ozone on the
ground is hazardous to human health.
Vehicles and industries are the major source
of ground level ozone emissions.
It lowers our resistance to cold and
pneumonia.
Photochemical smog is a term to describe air
pollution that is a result of the interaction of
sunlight with certain chemicals in the
atmosphere. Ozone is one of the primary
components of the photochemical smog.
Ans. 14. (a)
Exp: Grazing and detritus food chains are
interlinked. The initial energy for detritus
food chain is from the dead remains from the
grazing food chain.
Ans. 15. (d)
Exp: Hibernation is a state of inactivity, in which
an animal's heart rate, body temperature, and
breathing rate are decreased in order to
conserve energy through the cold months of
winter. Electrical activity in the brain almost
completely ceases during hibernation,
although some areas remain active. These
 areas are those that respond to external significant number of endemic, rare and
stimuli such as light, temperature, and noise. threatened plant and animal species.
Thus, the hibernating animal can be aroused
The cultural significance of KNP is
under extreme conditions.
portrayed by three main different facets:
Reducing metabolic rate and lowering body
• Firstly, the notion of beyul or hidden sacred
temperature enables survival through cold
land, which extends to all of Sikkim, but has
periods when food is scarce or has little
its heart in the territory of Khangchendzonga
energy value. Hibernating species usually
National Park, is important in Tibetan
work hard to build up large fat reserves
Buddhism, not only intrinsic to Sikkim, but in
before they bed down, and subsist on this
the neighbouring countries and beyond - that
during their torpor. They might wake up at
is to say, KNP is home to a sacred site of one
intervals to defecate or top up on food.
of the world's leading religious traditions;
Ans. 16. (a)
• Secondly, the multi-layered sacred landscape
Exp: Carbon Footprint represents the effect human of Khangchendzonga and the cultural and
activities have on climate in terms of the total religious relevance of the hidden land (beyul
amount of greenhouse gases produced. in Tibetan Buddhism and Mayel Lyang, in
Greenhouse gases can be emitted through Lepcha tradition) is specific to Sikkim and is a
transport, land clearance and the production unique example of co-existence and exchange
and consumption of food, fuels, between different religious traditions and
manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, people; and
buildings, and services.
• Thirdly, the indigenous religious and cultural
Ans. 17. (b) practices of the Lepcha with regard to the
ecology and the specific properties of local
Exp: Secondary succession starts in a well
plants, which stand as an outstanding
developed soil already formed at the site.
example of traditional knowledge and
Hence it is much faster than the primary
environmental preservation.
succession.
Ans. 20. (c)
Ans. 18. (d)
Exp: Presence of organic and inorganic wastes in
Exp: The simplest way to define ecological
water decreases the dissolved oxygen (DO)
footprint would be to call it the impact of
content of the water.
human activities measured in terms of the
area of biologically productive land and The higher amounts of waste increase the
water required to produce the goods rates of decomposition and O2 consumption
consumed and to assimilate the wastes thereby decreases the DO content of water.
generated. More simply, it is the amount of The demand for O2 is directly related to
the environment necessary to produce the increasing input of organic wastes and is
goods and services necessary to support a expressed as Biological Oxygen Demand
particular lifestyle. Hence, all the factors in (BOD) of water. Water pollution by organic
this question will be considered as loss of wastes is measured in terms of BOD. The
ecological footprint. higher value of BOD indicates low DO
content of water. BOD is limited to
Ans. 19. (c)
biodegradable materials only.
Exp: Khangchendzonga National Park (KNP) in
Chemical Oxygen Demand is measure of
Sikkim has been inscribed as India's first
oxygen equivalent of the requirement of
mixed (cultural as well as natural) heritage
oxidation of total organic matter i.e. both
site on the Unesco World Heritage List.
biodegradable and non-biodegradable
KNP lies within the Himalaya global present in water. Hence COD is slightly better
biodiversity hotspot and is home to a mode used to measure pollution load in water
than BOD.
Ans. 21. (a)
Exp: Taiga soil tends to be young and poor in
nutrients. It lacks the deep, organically
enriched profile. The thinness of the soil is
due largely to the cold, which hinders the
development of soil and the ease with which
plants can use its nutrients.
Ans. 22. (a)
Exp: Supporting Services: nutrient recycling.
Regulating Services: carbon sequestration.
Ans. 23. (b)
vvvvvvv
Exp: Only materials flow are represented in these
cycles. Energy flow is represented in
pyramids.
Ans. 24. (b)
Exp: Ozone is both beneficial and harmful for
human beings on earth. Harmful when
present in troposphere as being a poisonous
gas and beneficial when present in
stratosphere by protecting from UV rays.
Refrigeration by humans on earth is releasing
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) like CFCs
thus destroying ozone molecules.
ODS are generally halogen compounds like
CFCs ,HCFCs which contain elements like
clorine and flourine and are responsible for
ozone depletion.
Ans. 25. (a)
Exp: Coal gasification is the process of producing
syngas-a mixture consisting primarily of
methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO),
hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and
water vapor (H2O)-from coal and water, air
and/or oxygen.
The main technology being used is coal
gasification - instead of burning the fossil
fuel, it is chemically transformed into
synthetic natural gas (SNG).The process is
decades old, but recent rises in the price of
gas mean it is now more economically viable.
Coal gasification produces more Co2 than
traditional coal plant.