Table of Contents

Acknowledgement

Table of contents

List of appendices

Rationale

Chapter I

 Case study
 Industry
 Company
 Organisation
 Organisational Design
 Consumer Behavior
 Human Resource Management
 Marketing
 Advertising
 Products
 Food Industry
 Processed Food Industry
 SWOT Analysis

Case Report No.1

Haleeb Foods Private Limited
 Introduction of Haleeb Foods
 History of Haleeb Foods
 Products by Haleeb Foods
 Proposed Mission Statement of Haleeb Foods
 Proposed Vision of Haleeb Foods
 Milestones Achieved By Haleeb Foods
 Organizational Hierarchy
 Haleeb Foods Policy
 Total Quality Management
 Current Situations
 Manufacturing Process
 Environmental Analysis of Haleeb Foods
 Political Conditions
 Economic Conditions
 Social Conditions
 Technological Conditions
 SWOT Analysis of Haleeb Foods
 Strengths
 Opportunities
 Weakness
 Threats
 Competitive Analysis of Haleeb Foods
 Discussion
 Conclusion
 References

Case Report No.2

 Introduction of Fauji Foods

 History of Fauji Foods
 Proposed Vision of Fauji Foods
 Proposed Mission Statement
 Noon Pvt. Ltd.
 Core Values of Fauji Foods
 Produtcs by Fauji Foods
 Marketing Approach
 Pricing Approach
 Management Policy
 Products by Fauji Foods

 SWOT Analysis of Fauji Foods

 Strengths
 Opportunities
 Weakness
 Threats
 Environmental Analysis of Fauji Foods
 Political Conditions
 Economic Conditions
 Social Conditions
 Technological Conditions

 Sector Analysis
 Retailers
 Promotions
 Future Proposals
Case Report No. 3
 Introduction of Gourmet Foods
 History of Gourmet Foods
 Proposed Mission Statement
 Proposed Vision
 Objective of Company
 Organizational Structure of Gourmet Foods.
 Portfolio Analysis
 Interview
 Recruitment ads.
 Products by Gourmet
 Marketing Strategies
 SWOT Analysis of Gourmet Foods
 Strengths
 Opportunities
 Weakness
 Threats
 Environmental Analysis of Gourmet Foods
 Political Conditions
 Economic Conditions
 Social Conditions
 Technological Conditions

 Critical Issues
 Suggestions
 Conclusions
 Introduction to Case Study

History

It is generally believed that the case-study method was first introduced into social science
by Frederic Le Play in 1829 as a handmaiden to statistics in his studies of family budgets. Les
Ouvries Europeens (2nd edition, 1879). The use of case studies for the creation of new theory in
social sciences has been further developed by the sociologists Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss
who presented their research method, Grounded theory, in 1967.

The popularity of case studies in testing hypotheses has developed only in recent decades.
One of the areas in which case studies have been gaining popularity is education and in
popularity educational evaluation.

Case studies have also been used as a teaching method and as part of professional
development, especially in business and legal education. The problem-based learning (PBL)
movement is such an example. When used in (non-business) education and professional
development, case studies are often referred to as critical incidents.

Definition

Researcher Robert K. Yin defines the case study research method as an empirical inquiry
that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context; when the boundaries
between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident; and in which multiple sources of
evidence are used (Yin, 194, p.23).

The study of a person, a small group, a single situation, or a specific ‘‘case’’, is called a
case study. It involves extensive research, including documented evidence of a particular issue or
situation symptoms, reactions, effects of certain stimuli, and the conclusion reached following
the study. A case study may show a correlation between two factors, whether or not a causal
relationship can also be proven. It may sound complicated, but it’s really quite simple.
Case study in Psychology

It refers to the use of a descriptive research approach to obtain an in-depth analysis of a

person, group, or phenomenon. A variety of techniques may be employed including personal
interviews, direct-observation, psychometric tests, and archival records.

Steps to write the case study

Many well-known case study researchers such as Robert E. Stake, Helen Simons, and
Robert K. Yin have written about case study research and suggested techniques for organizing
and conducting the research successfully. This introduction to case study research draws upon
their work and proposes six steps that should be used:

 Determine and define the research questions

 Select the cases and determine data gathering and analysis techniques
 Prepare to collect data
 Collect data in the field
 Evaluate and analyze the data
 Prepare the report

1. Determine what your case study will be about. Think about the problems you have
discussed in class or you have come across in your reading in this field. Begin by
researching at the library and on the internet in order to hone in on a specific problem.
Once you have identified a problem, read as much as you can about it in books, journals,
magazines, newspapers, etc. take notes and remember to keep track of your sources for
later citations in your case study.
2. Choose a case site. Think of a location, an organisation, company, or individuals who are
dealing with that problem. Plan and set up interviews with these people. Your
interviewees should all be involved at the same company or organisation (your case
‘‘site’’). They can be workers, volunteers, customers, or other stakeholders with an
interest in solving the problem you have identified.
3. Begin your interviewing process. Talk to individuals at your case site about the issue.
Ask what they have tried to do to solve the problem, their feelings about the situation,
 and what they might do differently. Ask open ended questions that will provide you with
information about what is working, how the situation developed, which parties are
involved, and what a typical day is like. Stay away from yes or no questions, or you may
not get the information you are seeking.
4. Analyze your information. You will need to take the information you gathered in your
library and internet research along with your ‘‘case’’ information from the interview and
determine which items pertain most to the problem. Organize all of your information in
the same place.
5. Write the case study or prepare the report.

Sections of a Case

The case study should have the following sections:

Introduction to the problem: This is from your library and internet research and describes the
problem in a greater sense.

Background on the case: Information about your case study site, where or who it is, what
makes it a good sample of the larger group, what makes it special?

Problems/ factors: The next several sections should be about the problems/factors as it pertains
to the case. Describe for the reader what you learned in your interviews about the problem at this
site, how it developed, what strategies they used to develop it, what problems occurred in
preparing it, what solutions have already been proposed and/or tried, and feelings and thoughts
of those working or visiting there, how it progressed/ declined over time.

Conclusion: The conclusion should wrap it up with possible solutions. Without solving the case
per se. It might make some final references to the interviewees and their thoughts about possible
solutions, while leaving it open to the reader to come up with a different answer.

Types of Case Studies

The following types of case study are studied in research:

 Illustrative case studies: These are primarily descriptive studies. They typically utilize one
or two instances of an event to show the existing situation. Illustrative case studies serve
primarily to make the unfamiliar familiar and to give readers a common language about the
topic in question.
 Exploratory (or pilot) case studies: These are condensed case studies performed before
implementing a large scale investigation. Their basic function is to help identify questions
and select types of measurement prior to the main investigation. The primary pitfall of this
type of study is that initial findings may seem convincing enough to be released prematurely
as conclusions.
 Cumulative case studies: These serve to aggregate information from several sites collected
at different times. The idea behind these studies is that the collection of past studies will
allow for greater generalization without additional cost or time being expended on new,
possibly repetitive studies.
 Critical instance case studies: These examine one or more sites either for the purpose of
examining a situation of unique interest with little to no interest in generalization, or to call
into question a highly generalized or universal assertion. This method is useful for answering
cause and effect questions.
Uses of Case Studies

Case studies are particularly useful in depicting a holistic portrayal of clients and
organisation’s experiences and results regarding a product/organisation. For example, to evaluate
the effectiveness of an organisation’s processes, including its strengths and weaknesses,
evaluations might develop cases studies on the program’s successes and failures. Case studies are
used to organise a wide range of information about a case and then analyse the contents by
seeking patterns and themes in the data and by further analysis through cross comparison with
other cases. A case can be individuals, programs, or any unit, depending on what the program
evaluators want to examine through in-depth analysis and comparison.

Industry
Industry can be defined as any type of Economic Activity producing goods or services. It
is part of a chain from raw materials to finished product, finished product to service sector, and
service sector to research and development. It includes agriculture, manufacturing and services.
Types of Industry

Following are types of industries:

Manufacturing Industries: these industries convert the raw materials or semi-finished goods
into finished products.

Extractive Industries: They are concerned with supplying commodities, which are extracted
from Earth. The products of these industries are generally used by manufacturing and
constructive industries for making finished goods.

Genetic Industries: industries under which animals and plants are grown for the purpose of sale
to the consumers.

Construction Industries: they are concerned with the construction of building dams, roads, etc.
the raw materials that are used by these industries are the products of manufacturing industries.

Service Industries: They provide services to the public. They do not produce any tangible
goods.

Sectors of Industry

Following are four sectors of industry:

 Primary
 Secondary
 Tertiary
 Quaternary
1. Primary Industry: this involves raw materials or natural resources (before processing).
2. Secondary Industry: this involves a product from primary industry which is processed
or manufactured into another product.
3. Tertiary Industry: It involves a wide range of services instead of making anything and
is the largest group of industries in medicines.
4. Quaternary Industry: This involves a small group of research and development
industries. It is the newest industrial sector (often linked with Tertiary) and is growing
 rapidly due to developments in information, technology and communication. It focuses
on the latest technology.
Company

A company is a form of business organization. As association of persons for the purpose of

carrying on some enterprise or business, a corporation, a firm as the East India Company, an
insurance company, a joint-stock company.

It is important to distinguish between public and private sector companies, as they will have very
different characteristics and objectives.

The Public Sector

These companies are financed by the state and they do not operate in order to make a profit but
to provide a public service. Examples of public sector are schools, hospitals, libraries and the
national defence.

The Private Sector

These companies operate in order to make a profit and are split into 2 categories.

 Non-Limited Companies
This type of company can be set up with relatively few formalities. It can be either a
sole trader or partnership and the owner(s) will be personally liable for all of the debts if
the business fails. There is no legal requirement for non-limited companies to make any
of their financial information public. Non limited companies are generally referred to as
‘‘businesses’’.
 Limited Companies
Limited companies can be either privately owned when they are referred to as Limited
(often abbreviated to Ltd) or publically owned (Plc).
Organization

An organization is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, controls its own
performance, and has a boundary separating it from its environment. The word itself is derived
from the Greek word organon, itself derived from the better known word ergon.
Organisations are known as social entities, which are deliberately structured and goals oriented.
Organisations cannot operate their functions in isolated environment, but they linked external
dynamic situation.

Types of organisation

Generally there are two types of organisations:

1. Formal: The part of an organisation that has legal and official recognition.
2. Informal: The informal or private part of the organisation.
Components of Organization

1. Task
2. People
3. Structure
4. Technology
Task: It can be defined as a purpose of existence of an organisation. Every organisation should
have a purpose of existence that is accomplished by producing output in the form of certain
goods and services, is termed as task.

People: It is the workplace or human part of the organisation that performs different functions in
the organisation.

Structure: The basic arrangement of people in the organisation is called structure.

Technology: To transform inputs into products or services, the intellectual and mechanical
processes used by an organisation is known by technology.

Organisational Design

Organisational design is engaged when managers develop or change an organization’s structure.

Organisational design is a process that involves decisions about the following six key elements:
Six key elements in Organisational Design:

1. Work Specialization
Describes the degree to which tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs. The
main idea of organisational design is that an entire job is done by one individual. It is
broken down into steps, and a different person completes each step. Individual employees
specialize in doing part of an activity rather than the entire activity.

2. Departmentalization
It is the basis by which jobs are grouped together. For instance every organisation has its
own specific way of classifying and grouping work activities.

There are five common forms of departmentalization:

 Functional Departmentalization: It groups jobs by functions performed. It can be used
in all kinds of organisations; it depends on the goals each of then wants to achieve.

Figure2-1 Functional Departmentalization example

Plant Manger

Manager Manager Manager Manager,

Manager, HR
Engineering Accounting Manufacturing Purchasing
 Product Departmentalization: It groups jobs by products line. Each manager is
responsible of an area within the organization depending of his/her specialization.
Figure 2: Product Departmentalization example
Source: Bombardier Annual Report

Bombardier, Ltd.

Mass Transit Rall Products

Sector Sector

Mass Transit Racreational and

Division Utility Vehicles
Sector

 Geographical Departmentalization:
It groups jobs on the basis of territory or geography.

Figure 2-3: Geographical Departmentalization example

 Vice President
for Sales

Sales Director,
Sales Director, Sales Director, Sales Director,
Midwestern
Western Region Southern Region Eastern Region
Region

 Process Departmentalization:
It groups on the basis of product or customer flow

Figure 2-4: Process Departmentalization example

Pllant
Superintendent

Planning and Milling Lacquering and Assembling Finishing Inspection and

Sawing Department
Department Sanding Department Department Department Shipping Dept.
Manager
Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager

 Customer Departmentalization:
It groups jobs on the basis of common customers.
 Figure 2-5: Customer Departmentalization example

Director of Sales

Manager,
Manager, Manager,
Retail Accounts
Wholesale Accounts Government Accounts

3. Chain of Command
It is defined as a continuous line of authority that extends from upper organizational
levels to the lowest levels and clarifies who reports to whom. There are three important
concepts attached to this theory:

 Authority: Refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to tell people what to do
and to expect them to do it.
 Responsibility: The obligation to perform any assigned duties.
 Unity of command: The management principle that each person should report to only
one manager.
4. Span of Control
It is important to a large degree because it determines the number of levels and managers
an organisation has. Also, determines the number of employees a manager can efficiently
and effectively manage.
Consumer Behavior

 Consumer behavior is ‘‘The Study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the

process they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or
ideas to satisfy needs and the impact the impacts that these processes have on the
consumer and society’’. Consumer behavior involves the use and disposal of products as
well as the study of how they are purchased. Product use is often of great interest to the
marketer, because this may influence how a product is best positioned or how we can
encourage increased consumption. Since many environmental problems result from
product disposal (e.g., motor oil being sent into sewage systems and ideas as well as
tangible products. The impact of consumer behavior on society is also of relevance. For
example, aggressive marketing of high fat foods, or aggressive marketing of easy credit,
may have serious repercussions for the national health and economy.
There are four main applications of consumer behavior:

 The most obvious is for marketing strategy i.e., for making better marketing campaigns.
For example, by understanding that consumers are more receptive to food advertising
when they are hungry, we learn to schedule snack advertisements late in the afternoon.
By understanding that new products are usually initially adopted by a few consumers that
introduce new products must be well financed so that they can stay afloat until their
products become a commercial success and (2) it is important to please initial consumers,
since they will in turn influence many subsequent customers’ brand choice.
 A second application is public policy. In the 1980s, Accutane, a near miracle cure for
acne, was introduced. Unfortunately, Accutane resulted in severe birth defects if taken by
pregnant women. Although physicians were instructed to warn their female patients of
this, a number still became pregnant while taking the drug. To get consumer attention, the
Federal Drug Administration (FDA) took the step of requiring that very graphic pictures
of deformed babies be shown on the medicine containers.
 Social modelling involves getting ideas across to consumers rather than selling
something. Dr. Fishbein created a campaign that encouraged the cleaning of needles in
bleach before sharing them, a goal that was believed to be more realistic.
  As a final benefit, studying consumer behavior should make us better consumers.
Common sense suggests, for example, that if you buy a 64 liquid ounce bottle of laundry
detergent, you should pay less per ounce then if you bought two 32 ounce bottles. In
practice, you often pay a size premium by buying the larger quantity. In other words, in
this case, knowing this fact will sensitize you to the need to check the unit cost labels to
determine if you are really getting a bargain.
Organizational Behavior

Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how
people individuals and groups act in organizations.

Elements of Organizational Behavior:

The Organization’s base rests on management’s philosophy, values, vision and goals.
This in turn drives the organizational culture which is composed of the formal organization,
informal organization, and the social environment. The culture determines the type of leadership,
communication, and group dynamics within the organization. The workers perceive this as the
quality of work life which directs their degree of motivation. The final outcomes are
performance, individual satisfaction, and personal growth and development. All these elements
combine to build the model or framework that the organization operates from. Organizational
Behavior (OB) is a term related to the study of individual and group dynamics in an
organizational setting, as well as the nature of the organizations themselves. Whenever people
interact in organizations, many factors come into play. The subject of Organizational Studies
attempts to understand and model these factors. The subject is becoming more important as
people with diverse backgrounds and cultural values have to work together effectively and
efficiently. OB seeks to emphasize the understanding of behavior in organizations so as to
develop competencies in foreseeing how people are likely behaved. This knowledge may then
help in controlling those behaviors that are not befitting the objectives of the organizations.
Factors like objectivity. Reliability and sustainability are important while selecting the methods
for this purpose. Questionnaire, interview, simulation and survey are generally used to elicit
responses of individuals located in different types of organizations. To a large extent their
personalities affect the nature of their responses.
 Food Industry

Food is an essential part of our lives, which is why the way it is grown, processed and
transported is worth understanding and improving. Broadly, the food industry comprises a
complex network of activities pertaining to the supply, consumption, and catering of food
products and services across the world. Finished food products and partially prepared ‘instant’
food packets are also a part of the food industry. The food industry employs a massive number of
skilled and unskilled workers. In 2006 alone, the food industry accounted for over 1.5 million
jobs in the US and 4 million jobs in Europe. However, the food industry excludes subsistence
farmers who use their produce for self-consumption.

Components of Food Sector

The food industry is highly diverse and comprises several important components. Each
component adds distinct value to the whole food chain by improving sustainability and
producing better products.

The varied activities of the food sector are classified as follows:

 Agriculture activities for growing crops, raising livestock and sea food.

 Food processing of fresh products into canned and packed goods, including frozen
foods.

 Research and development on food technology.

 Manufacturing fertilizers, farm machinery and hybrid seeds to facilitate agricultural

production.

 Regulation on food production and distribution to ensure quality and safety.

 Financial services including insurance and credit to facilitate food production and
distribution.

 Marketing, packaging, advertising and distribution (wholesale and retail).

History of Food Trade

The food trade has existed for centuries. For instance, Asia witnessed thriving trade in tea
and silk in its ancient era. In the Middle East, the spice trade began way back in 2000 BC. In
1953, the US food industry was revolutionized by Swanson’s presentation of the first ‘TV
dinner.’

Milestones

Some of the milestones of the food trade industry are:

 19th century: Sterilization, pasteurization (the first canned food factory was inaugurated
in England in 1813)

20th century

 1940s Frozen foods

 1960s Freeze-dried, pressure-cooked foods
 1980s Microwave foods
 1990s Induction foods

Food industry technologies

Sophisticated technologies define modern food production. They include many areas.
Agricultural machinery, originally led by the tractor, has practically eliminated human labor in
many areas of production. Biotechnology is driving much change, in areas as diverse as
agrichemicals, plant breeding, and food processing. Many other areas of technology are also
involved, to the point where it is hard to find an area that does not have a direct impact on the
food industry. Computer technology is also a central force, with computer networks and
specialized software providing the support infrastructure to allow global movement of the myriad
components involved.

Marketing

As consumers grow increasingly removed from food production, the role of product
creation, advertising, publicity become the primary vehicles for information about food. With
processed food as the dominant category, marketers have almost infinite possibilities in product
creation.

Regulation

Regulation corresponds to the legal terms and restrictions imposed by government

authority. Examples of regulation in the food industry include attempts to control such aspects
as: standards of production, storage, and distribution; prices; wages; pollution effects; and
qualifications and guarantees of employment.

Labor and education

Until the last 100 years, agriculture was labor intensive. Farming was a common
occupation. Food production flowed from millions of farms. Farmers, largely trained from
generation to generation, carried on the family business. That situation has changed dramatically.
In North America, over 50 percent of the population were farm families only a few decades ago;
now, that figure is around 1-2 percent, and some 80 percent of the population lives in cities. The
food industry as a complex whole requires an incredibly wide range of skills. Several hundred
occupation types exist within the food industry.

Research and development

Research in agricultural and food processing technologies happens in great part in

university research environments. Projects are often funded by companies from the food
industry. There is therefore a direct relationship between the academic and commercial sectors,
as far as scientific research.

Criticisms

Various areas of the food industry have come under criticism. For example, the excessive
use of fertilizers and pesticides adversely affect the environment and human health. Likewise, a
number of food additives in processed foods may be harmful to health.

Food processing is a procedure in which food is prepared for consumption. People often
use this term to refer specifically to making packaged foods, but technically anything which
transforms raw ingredients into something else is a form of food processing, ranging from
grilling vegetables in the back yard to making television dinners in a food manufacturing facility.
The sector focused on processing food employs large numbers of people, many of whom are
unskilled laborers.

There are several purposes to food processing. The most basic goal is to prepare food
which is palatable. This can include processing ingredients which are not safe to eat raw,
flavoring foods to make them more interesting, and making dishes which comply with cultural
and religious norms surrounding food, in addition to addressing issues such as allergies.
Processing food is also usually intended to make food which is nutritious, and can include
activities such as food fortification, in which vitamins and minerals are added to food during
processing to increase the nutritional value.

Safety is also a major concern in food processing, especially industrial processing to

create packaged foods which are sold commercially. These facilities can be easily contaminated
and the contamination can quickly spread, causing widespread illness. Part of making food safe
includes processing it to remove any potential risks, such as bacteria in milk, in addition to
maintaining strict safety procedures to reduce the risk of introducing harmful organisms during
processing.

In industrial food processing, these needs must be balanced with the need for
preservation. Food which will be eaten in a few days needs to be stabilized so that it will retain
texture and flavor in addition to staying safe. Other foods intended to be kept in dry storage for
months or years must be specially processed so that they will not go bad. Some of the earliest
forms of processing such as pickling and preserving foods echo the need to preserve foods
effectively and safely which has challenged human cultures for thousands of years.

Many innovative techniques have been developed for food processing around the world
to bring food to market while keeping it safe and flavorful. Certain processes are protected by
patent and used only by people licensed to use the patent, such as the process behind Pringles®
potato products, while others are widely used by everyone from home bakers to companies
which produce diet meals on order for hospitals and institutions.
 SWOT Analysis

SWOT

One of most widely used strategic planning tools is a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, and Threats) analysis. Most companies use it in one form or another. SWOT
analysis is often used as basic guide for strategic planning.

The worth of SWOT analysis is often dependent on the objective insight of those
management individuals who conduct the SWOT analysis. If management (or consultant
management) is able to provide objective, relevant information for the analysis, the results are
extremely useful for the company.

The term SWOT is the acronym made up of four words viz., Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities and Threats. The first two variables are internal to an organization whereas the last
two are external. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The first
two are internal to an organization whereas the last two are external.

The value of SWOT analysis cannot be overemphasized. It is rightly said “winners

recognize their limitations but focus on their strengths; losers recognize their strength but focus
on their limitations.” Positive thinking is strength whereas negative thinking is a weakness.

Every individual can make a list of his positive points (strength) and negative points
(weakness). A weakness can be converted into strength by recognizing it and by making an effort
in that direction. Similarly, it is very important to be aware of the opportunities that come to us at
various points of time and possible threats that also come from the other persons.

Importance

SWOT analysis is not only concerned with making only four lists but it is much more than that.

The following points highlight its importance

1. SWOT Analysis brings to light whether the business is healthy or sick.

2. An undertaking comes to know of both internal as well as external factors affecting its success
or failure.
3. It helps in the formation of a strategy so as to make preparations for the possible threats from
the competitors.

4. SWOT analysis evaluates the business environment in a detailed manner so as to take strategic
decisions for the future course of action.

Simple Value

Simplicity and a broad perspective are two core traits that combine to make a SWOT
analysis so important in strategic planning. It can be a simple tool to use because the process
involves listing all items in each category in a spreadsheet or table. Depending on who is
performing the analysis, it is common to involve business or division leaders, regular employees
and even clients. The broad perspective stems from the fact that you identify everything that
makes your company successful, but also your areas of vulnerability.

Forward Planning

What really makes SWOT powerful is its usefulness in setting a course to take advantage
of prime business opportunities, according to Mind Tools. Without a strategic plan, companies
can just aimlessly drift around without a strategic direction, or operate without development. In
highly competitive industries, failing to seize openings is almost as catastrophic as making a
major mistake. If a new customer segment emerges due to shifts in preferences, for instance, it is
often a race to see which company best serves the need first. SWOT allows you to map out this
possible opportunity well in advance, and begin planning to deliver a quality solution and
marketing plan before the opening hits.

Self-Preservation and Protection

Though it isn't always pleasant to scrutinize your weaknesses or deficiencies, top

companies know where they stand in all critical areas relative to the competition. Walmart is
renowned for its low-price leadership in discount retail, for example, but company leaders likely
recognize criticism of its limited customer services. With some weaknesses, you have
opportunities to improve. With strategic limitations tied to its low-price strategy, the goal for
Walmart is more to downplay the weakness, target customers who prefer low prices, and
promote that core benefit.
 Threats are another key SWOT element in guarding against risks. Companies that don't
use a planning tool like SWOT may be caught off guard when threats emerge. In contrast,
effective use of SWOT helps a business adjust or prepare for pending threats. Some businesses
wait until a recession slows revenue, for instance, while others recognize the potential for
recession in advance, alter promote strategies and trim budgets. Other potential threats identified
through SWOT include shifting customer preferences, technological changes and environmental
concerns.

Internally, competition has increased on account of liberalization and privatization.

Telecommunication, Insurance, Banks and many other sectors have now been opened to the
private sector. On account of globalization, many multinational companies have come to India
and are giving stiff competition to Indian business concerns.

Only a concern which makes its SWOT analysis can survive. Globalization is an
opportunity because our entrepreneurs can now go to the foreign countries and sell their
products. It is a threat because our home market may be captured by multinationals if we do not
produce quality products