Year

11 Integrated Science

Laboratory Skills and Safety Date:________________________

Aim: Solution transfer, accurate measurement of volumes and proper use of indicators.

Safety and techniques
Check the steps off as you read and understand them.
Draw one aspect that illustrates at least one aspect on each list.

Safety with Solutions
1. Wear safety goggles, even over prescription glasses.
2. Read the label and note solution name,
concentration and safety.
3. If a solution is spilt on skin wash immediately with
running water. Remove affected clothing.
4. If acid or base gets into eye, wash immediately
and refer to medical staff.
5. When diluting always add acid to water.
6. Do not carry bottles by the neck.
7. Never taste chemicals
8. Waft chemicals, never sniff.
9. Always clean up your workstation.


Technique
Transferring solutions with a dropper
1. Keep one dropper for each reagent bottle. Do not
transfer droppers between solutions.
2. Drop the solution into a test tube or beaker, without
touching the sides.
3. Never invert the dropper holding solution. Hold the
dropper vertically.
a. Solution will damage bulb and may get
contaminated.
b. Atmospheric pressure keeps the solution inside
the dropper.
4. Always replace and tighten lid immediately after use.

Technique
Measuring liquid volumes
1. A graduated cylinder is used to measure liquid
volumes. Choose the most accurate one for the job.
2. Make sure glassware is clean.
3. Compare the bottom of the liquid meniscus in the
glass container with the graduated line on the
container.
4. Keep your eye level with the bottom of the meniscus
and the graduated line.


Materials and Apparatus
dropper bottles containing a variety of acid, pH colour chart
base and salt solutions 6 clean test tubes
dropper bottle labelled Universal Indicator protective mat
a range of measuring cylinders
small labels

Method
Observe all the safety and technique steps.
Write the names of the test solutions on the labels and stick one to each test tube.
Safely measure 5mL of each solution and transfer it to the correctly labelled test tube.
Record observations in a table.
To each labelled test tube containing solution add 5 drops of Universal Indicator.
Record observations in a table.

Results
Solution label Initial Observations Final Observations Type of solution







Conclusion:
1. Explain why you made the inferences listed in the table.
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Evaluation
1. State which measuring cylinder you chose for this skill. _________________________________

2. Explain why you chose the measuring cylinder that you did.
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3. Outline one problem you had transferring the entire volume of the 5mL solution to a test tube.
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4. Complete a summary of this Skills and Safety Laboratory session in your science workbook,
include the heading and date. Discuss concepts of observation, inference, accuracy and errors.