Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
4-6
OPERATING SYSTEM
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Define Operating System
2. Enumerate the common Operating System
3. Memorize the steps in installing Windows Operating System
(windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 7 and Windows XP)
Operating System
An operating system or OS is a
software on the hard drive that enables
the computer hardware to communicate
and operate with the computer software.
Without a computer operating system, a
computer and software programs would
be useless. The picture to the right is an
example of Microsoft Windows 10, a
popular operating system and what the
box may look like if you were to
purchase it from a local retail store.
Ubuntu
Ubuntu is based on a version of the Linux operating system known
as Debian GNU/Linux. Its main benefit is that it's free and open source.
This means users can alter the code as they see fit. Ubuntu also stands
out because it's updated once every six months, unlike other open source
programs that have no strict upgrade schedule. Most Ubuntu-compatible
software is also free and available in on-line software "repositories." Users
can try Ubuntu on their PC using the program's "Live CD" mode. This
allows you to run the system without actually installing it on your
computer. Because Ubuntu programs are less ubiquitous than those for
more well-known systems, users may need to do some research before
finding the software solutions they need.
Android
Android is a "mobile" operating system maintained by the Open Handset
Alliance, a group of companies and organizations that contribute to the
system's development under the management of Google Inc. The system is
an "open standard," meaning that an entire community of developers can
alter the software, not just Google. Android comes pre-installed on
smartphones and tablet PCs for which it was designed. As of the date of
publication, all four major smartphone carriers -- Verizon, T-Mobile,
Sprint and AT&T; -- have Android devices available. A variety of
manufacturers also make Android-compatible devices. One of the main
benefits of the system's open source status is that developers can create
different versions of its basic programs, allowing users greater freedom to
customize their mobile devices.
Mac OS X
While a version of Mac OS X comes pre-installed on all Apple
Macintosh computers, users must pay if they wish to use newer versions
when they become available. The system is not open source, so only Apple
developers have the ability to legitimately make alterations or
improvements to its code. It differs from other computer operating
systems in that it only works on Apple computers. Its key feature is its
usability. The most recent version as of the date of publication includes a
"resume" feature that re-opens applications in the same state they were in
when you last closed them. It also includes a "Mission Control" feature,
which allows you to see all of your open files at a glance.
IOS
IOS is Apple's mobile operating system. It runs on the company's
iPod, iPhone and iPad devices. Like Mac OS X, it can only be used on
Apple's mobile devices. One advantage of iOS is that more applications
are available for it than for any other mobile operating system. As of
summer 2011, it has approximately 400,000 to Android's 300,000. This
increases the chances that users will find the type of app they're looking
for. The system's key features include multitasking support, which allows
users to run multiple apps simultaneously, and FaceTime, a video chat
program that comes pre-installed on iOS devices.
Windows
Windows is an operating system owned and operated by Microsoft.
It differs from open source systems in that only Microsoft has the ability
to make changes to the code. However, it also differs from Mac OS X in
that it can be installed on a variety of different computers from a host of
competing manufacturers, offering the user more freedom of choice when
it comes to hardware. According to Net Market Share, Windows is the
most widely used operating system. The latest version as of the date of
publication includes touchscreen support, which combines the usability
of a touchscreen tablet with the power of a desktop computer. It also
features "Play To" and "Remote Media Streaming," which allow you to play
media from your computer on other devices in its vicinity and to access
your media when you're away from your computer.
Step 2: It's pretty obvious what you need to click here. Like
Windows 8.x, you can also choose to repair your computer.
If you choose the repair option, you will end up at a Troubleshoot
screen where you can choose to reset your PC and re-install windows (you
can either keep or remove your files), or access more advanced
troubleshooting options. For the latter, there are options for doing a
system restore (if you’ve a restore point on your PC), image recovery,
running commands in command prompt, and letting Windows fix any
startup problems. You can also get to the advanced startup options after
installation via the new Settings app in Windows 10.
Step 3: Traditionally, your Windows product key can be found on
your online order info, in the confirmation email for your purchase, or on
the DVD packaging. That said, this is more for a clean install. If your
device has been successfully upgraded to Windows 10, and you choose to
wipe your device and do a clean install later, the device will reactivate
without the need of a Windows 8.x product key.
Step 4: Accept the license terms. After you read them, of course.
Step 5: Next, you’ll be presented with this screen, where you can
choose to do either an upgrade (files, settings, and apps are moved to
Windows) or a custom install (files, settings, and apps aren’t moved). The
latter is the one to choose if you prefer a clean install, which was what we
did.
(Note: If you're doing an upgrade, and you're running Windows
Media Center, Windows 10 will remove it.)
Step 6: Here’s where you select the drive to install Windows 10 on.
You can format a drive here as well.
Step 7: Now, you wait.
Step 8: Before you can start using Windows, there are some
personalization, location, browser and protection, and connectivity and
error reporting settings that you can adjust. You can zip through all these
by using the Express settings, which basically turn everything on, or you
can hit the small print that says ‘Customize settings’ to customize them.
We went for the latter.
Notice that little icon at the bottom left? Click on it to access an
accessibility menu where you can turn on things like a narrator,
magnifier, or increase the screen contrast.
Step 9: If you choose to customize the settings, the first page deals
with your contact, calendar, input, and location data. Read these carefully
to decide if you want to turn the settings on or off.
Step 10: The next page deals with browser data, connectivity, and
error reporting. Again, read these carefully and toggle the switches
accordingly.
Step 11: Next, you need to specify who's the owner of the device.
You can choose to sign in with your company ID, which will give you
access to your company's resources.
Step 12: Microsoft really wants you to sign in to Windows 10 with your
Microsoft account. If you use Microsoft services like Office, Outlook.com,
OneDrive, Skype, or Xbox, it makes sense to sign in with your Microsoft
account as it ties them all up and makes your Windows experience more
personal.
If you use two-factor authentication, you’ll need to enter your code. If you
don’t have a Microsoft account, you can create one right away.
Alternatively, you can sign in with a local account. Unlike Windows 8.x,
apps like Mail will not force you to switch to a Microsoft account and stop
you from using the app if you don’t comply.
In addition to easy typing, another benefit is that once created, this PIN
only works on the device it’s created on.
Step 14: Windows 10 will save new documents and pictures to
OneDrive. If you’re okay with that, just hit Next to continue. Else, you can
click the small text that says ‘Save new files only to this PC by default’.
Step 15: You can also decide if you want to turn on the Cortana
personal assistant feature. Some people may not want to use Cortana as
this allows Microsoft to collect and use their location; contacts; voice
input; info from email and messages; browser history; search history;
calendar details; and more. If you were to ask us, Cortana is one of the
best features in Windows 10. And for it to be truly useful, it has to be
granted access to such data. Here’s a link to Microsoft’s privacy
statement.
(Note: Cortana is only available in select markets. Currently, Cortana on
Windows 10 is only available for the U.S., U.K., China, France, Italy,
Germany, and Spain.)
At some point, you'll also be asked if you want to set the built-in apps to
be the default apps for certain tasks. Simply untick the checkboxes for
those that you don't want the installer to change.
16. Welcome to Windows 10!
Install Windows 8 or 8.1
Here is where you enter your product key, the 25-digit code you
received when you purchased Windows 8. You do not need to enter the
dashes that are probably shown as part of your product key.
If you downloaded Windows 8, chances are that the product key is
in your purchase confirmation email. If you purchased a Windows 8 DVD
in a retail store or online, your product key should have been included
alongside your disc.
If Windows 8 came preinstalled on your computer, and you are now
performing a clean install of Windows 8 on that same computer, your
product key is probably located on a sticker located somewhere on your
computer or device.
Once you've entered the product key, click or touch Next.
Important: Entering your product key at this point in the Windows
8 clean install process is required. This is unlike in previous versions of
Windows where you could skip the product key entry during installation
as long as you provided one within a certain time frame, usually 30 or 60
days. Also unlike in previous versions, activating your Windows 8 product
key online is automatic and part of this process.
8. Accept the Windows 8 Software License Agreement
The next screen presents you with an important question: Which type
of installation do you want?. You have two options: Upgrade and Custom.
Click on, or touch, Custom: Install Windows only (advanced).
Important: Even if you might be upgrading from a previous version of
Windows to Windows 8, I don't recommend that you upgrade. It sounds
like a great option, with your files, settings, and programs all remaining in
place, but the reality is often much different. You'll get better performance
from Windows 8 and whatever software you choose to install again if you
continue with this clean install procedure instead.
Now that you have access to the full range of partition management
options, you can delete any partitions from your hard drive that are used
by the currently installed operating system.
Important: Before you delete a partition, please know that all data
on that partition will be erased forever. By all data I mean all data: the
operating system itself, all installed programs, all saved documents,
movies, music, etc. that might be on that drive. It's assumed that, by this
point, anything you wanted to keep you've backed up elsewhere.
Highlight the partition you want to delete and then click or touch Delete.
Note: Your list of partitions may differ considerably from mine,
which you can see in the screenshot above. I have one 60 GB physical
hard drive on my computer that I previous had Windows 8 installed on.
My primary partition, which is the C: drive when I'm logged into Windows,
is 59.7 GB. That other small partition (350 MB) is a supporting partition
that I also plan on deleting, which we'll get to in a few steps.
Warning: If you have multiple hard drives and/or multiple
partitions on any of your drives, make sure you're deleting the correct
partition(s). Many people have second hard drives or partitions that they
use for backup. That's not a drive you want to be deleting.
If there are other partitions that you need to delete, like recovery
partitions in use by the previously installed operating system, now is a
good time to remove them. You probably only have one of these auxiliary
partitions, and probably only if you had a previous version of Windows
installed.
For example, in Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and
some Windows Vista installations, a small recovery partition, labeled here
as System Reserved, is created and populated automatically during that
operating system's installation. The same thing will happen behind the
scenes as you continue to clean install Windows 8. However, you no
longer need the one installed by the previous Windows installation so you
can remove it.
To do so, repeat the same process you followed to remove the
primary partition in the last few steps: highlight the partition you want to
delete and then touch or click Delete.
Note: You might notice that the first partition we deleted appears to
still exist. Look closer, however, and you can tell that it's gone. The
description now says Unallocated Space and there's no longer a
partition Type listed. In other words, this is now empty space, which we're
getting close to putting Windows 8 on.
Important: Again, make sure you're not removing partitions you
don't really want to remove. One of these Windows auxiliary partitions will
clearly be marked as System Reserved and will be very small, probably
100 MB or 350 MB depending on the version of Windows that you had
installed.
As you're waiting for the Windows 8 clean install to finish up, you'll
notice a Getting devices ready indicator that works its way up to 100% in
several fits and starts.
In the background, Windows 8 is identifying all of
the hardware that makes up your computer and installing the
appropriate drivers for those devices, if available.
This process usually takes just a few minutes and you may see your
screen flicker and go blank from time to time.
20. Wait for Windows 8 to Finish Installing
29. Wait While Windows 8 Creates the Local Portion of Your User
Account
Even though you may have chosen to create, or use your current,
Microsoft account, there is still a local account created to help facilitate
that.
This is what Windows 8 is doing while the Creating your
account or Setting up your account message is on screen.
You don't need to do anything at this point but wait for Windows 7
to finishing loading files in preparation for the setup process.
Note: No changes are being made to your computer at this time.
Windows 7 is just temporarily "loading files" into memory for the setup
process. You'll be removing everything on your computer as part of the
Windows 7 clean install in a future step.
4. Wait for Windows 7 Setup to Finish Loading
After the Windows 7 install files are loaded into memory, you'll see
the Windows 7 splash screen, indicating that the setup process is about
to begin.
If there are any other partitions that need to be deleted, you can do
so at this time.
For example, the Windows 7 installation I had on my PC previously
created this special 100 MB (very small) partition to store system data in.
This is most definitely related to the operating system that I'm trying to
completely remove from my computer, so I'll delete this as well.
Highlight the partition and click the Delete link.
Note: As you can see, the partition we deleted in the last step is gone. It
may appear like it's still there but if you look closely, you'll see that that
same 29.9 GB space is now described as Unallocated Space, not as a
partition.
14. Confirm Additional Partition Deletions
Just as in Step 12, Windows 7 setup will prompt you to confirm the
deletion of this partition.
Click the OK button to confirm.
Important: Just as before, please be aware that all the data stored
on this particular drive will be lost.
Windows 7 needs to know what user name you'd like to use and
how you'd like your computer to be identified on your local network.
In the Type a user name (for example, John): text box, enter your
name. You can enter a single name, your first and last name, or any other
identifiable text you like. This is the name you'll be identified by in
Windows 7.
Note: You're more than welcome to use the same user name that
you used in your old operating system installation.
In the Type a computer name: text box, enter the name you'd like
your computer to have when being viewed by other computers on your
network.
Note: If it makes sense in your specific situation, I recommend
using the same computer name you used in the operating system
installation you've deleted as part of this clean install, especially if any
other computers on your network connect to resources on your PC.
Otherwise, a good computer name might be Office-PC, Windows-7-Test-
PC, Bob-Dell, etc. You get the idea. Anything identifiable that makes sense
to you will work.
Click Next when you're done entering both the user name and
computer name.
Note: Planning on having more than one user on your computer?
Don't worry - you can set up more users inside Windows 7 later.
Windows 7 will now put all the "finishing touches" on your clean
installation like adding icons to the desktop, prepare the start menu, etc.
You don't need to do anything here. All of these changes are done
automatically in the background.
WARNING: This is
your last chance to back out
of the reinstallation process
by pressing the Esc key. If
you back out now and restart
your PC, your
previous Windows
XP installation
will boot normally with no loss
of data, assuming it was
working before you started
this process!
If you're sure you're ready to proceed, confirm that you wish to delete
this partition by pressing the L key.
10. Create a Partition
For Windows XP to
install on a partition on a hard
drive, it has to be formatted to
use a particular file system -
either the FAT file system
format or the NTFS file system
format. NTFS is more stable
and secure than FAT and is
always the recommended
choice for a new Windows XP
installation.
Using the arrow keys on your keyboard, highlight the line that
says Format the partition using the NTFS file system and press Enter.
14. Wait for the New Partition to Format
Depending on the
size of the partition that
you are formatting and the
speed of your computer,
formatting the partition
could take anywhere from a
few minutes to several
minutes or hours.
During installation,
the Regional and Language
Options window will appear.
The first section allows you
to change the
default Windows
XP language and the default
location. If the options listed
match your preferences, no
changes are necessary. If
you wish to make changes, click on the Customize... button and follow
the directions given to install new languages or change locations.
The second section allows you to change the default Windows XP
input language and device. If the options listed match your preferences,
no changes are necessary. If you wish to make changes, click on
the Details... button and follow the directions given to install new input
languages or change input methods.
After you've made any changes, or if you've determined no changes
are necessary, click Next >.
The Workgroup or
Computer Domain window will
appear next with two options
for you to choose from - No,
this computer is not on a
network, or is on a network
without a domain... or Yes,
make this computer a member
of the following domain:.
If you're installing Windows
XP on a single computer or a
computer on a home network, chances are the correct option to choose
is No, this computer is not on a network, or is on a network without
a domain.... If you're on a network, enter the workgroup name of that
network here. Otherwise, feel free to leave the default workgroup name
and continue.
If you're installing Windows XP in a corporate environment, you may need
to choose the Yes, make this computer a member of the following
domain: option and enter a domain name but check with your system
administrator first.
If you're not sure, choose No, this computer is not on a network, or is
on a network without a domain....
Click Next >.
The Windows
XP installation will now
finalize. No user intervention
is necessary.
The Welcome to
Microsoft Windows screen
appears next, informing
you that the next few
minutes will be spent
setting up your computer.
Registration with
Microsoft is optional, but if
you'd like to do that now,
choose Yes, I'd like to register with Microsoft now, click Next -> and
follow the instructions to register.
Otherwise, choose No, not at this time and click Next ->.
31. CREATE INITIAL USER ACCOUNTS
Windows XP is now
loading for the first time.
This may take a minute or
two depending on your
computer's speed.
A. Multiple Choice:
Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the best
answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. If you see a message to press any key to boot the CD/USB and you
fail to do so, what do you think will happen?
a. The computer will restart
b. Set up inspecting your system will appear
c. It will be prompted to BIOS setup
d. It will return to boot menu
2. Where do we typically install the operating system?
a. Drive C
b. DVD
c. External Drive
d. Floppy Drive
3. What key should you press if you need to install any third- party or
RAID drivers?
a. F2
b. F6
c. F2
d. F12
4. What file system is usually used during installation of Window 10?
a. FAT
b. FAT32
c. NTFS
d. NTFS32
5. Which of the following is not a Windows 10 minimum requirement?
a. 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster processor or SoC
b. 1 gigabyte (GB) for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit
c. 16 GB for 32-bit OS 20 GB for 64-bit OS
d. CD- ROM or DVD ROM
B. Identification
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D
B. IDENTIFICATION
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True
TASK SHEET NO. 4.4-4
Title: Install of Windows 7 Operating System
Steps/Procedure:
1. Configure your Computer BIOS
- Press DEL, ESC, F2, F10 or F9 to enter the system BIOS
- Find your BIOS boot options menu
- Select the CD-ROM or Removable Devices as the first
boot device of your computer
- Save the changes of the settings
2. Insert the windows disc into your CD/DVD drive or USB
bootable installer into USB port
3. Restart your PC. When the computer starts, press a key if you
are asked if you would like to boot from disk/USB by pressing
any key. Windows setup will begin loading
4. Choose your Windows setup option
5. Click the Install Now button
6. Accept the License Terms
7. Select the Custom installation
8. Decide on which hard drive and partition you want to install
windows on
9. Install Windows on your preferred hard drive and partition
Assessment Method:
Demonstration
Performance Criteria Checklist 4.4-6
CRITERIA YES NO
1. Install the Operating System with no errors.
2. Proper disk partitioning and partition is
performed.
3. Proper use of equipment and materials is
observed.
4. Observance of Safety Precautions.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.