Perovskite solar cell (Solution processed)

 CIGS and CdTe thin-film vapordeposited semiconductor-based solar

cells
 Lower band gap  thermalisation and photons (lower voltage) .
Electrons will be excited to a higher levels in the conduction band and
when they relaxes back to the lower edge of the conduction band by
losing heat (Thermalisation).
 Higher bandgap high voltage , lesser photocurrent due to lesser
number of photons available
 Band gap determines the voltage developed by the solar cell .
 If an extremely uniform solid perovskite absorber film can be
prepared—for example, through vapor deposition— then the highest
efficiencies can be achieved in solid thin-film planar heterojunction
architectures
 Exciton binding energies for CH3NH3PbI3 (orthorhombic phase) 37 to 50
meV
 At room temperature , Thermal energy kBT = 26 meV
 Hence both weakly bound excitons and free charge carrriers should
co-exist with possible interchange b/w two populations.
 PL decay  recombination or depopulation of electron and holes
from the perovskite films

 Dye sensitized solar cells (solution processed)– excitons binding

energy very high , hence need larger energy to dissociate for the charge
diffusion

 TiO2/ PCBM Hole blocking layer

 OMeTAD Electron blocking layer

 Lower band HOMO
 Higher band  LUMO
 Stokes Shift caused due to vibronic
relaxation of perovskite crystals whereas
organic semiconductor shows greater
stokes shift.
 Less stokes shift less vibronic
relaxation

 In (Fig .B) Negative peak in TA

spectra @ 750nm represents
(PB) photobleaching of band gap
or exciton transition
 Positive peak@550 nm in TA 
represents photoinduced
absorption (PA)

Nanosecond - Transient Absorption (TA)

spectra of Mixed halide perovskite
 Diffusion Length
 Mixed halide (CH3NH3PbI3-xClx) diffusion length  1 um (an order of
magnitude greater than absorption depth)

 Tri iodide absorber (CH3NH3PbI3) diffusion length  100 nm ( slightly

less than absorption length )
 Exciton or electron and hole diffusion lengths in a particular materials
determine whether planar heterojunction or mesoporous structure are
beneficial.
 More electron and hole diffusion length  longer recombination
lifetime.

 By modelling PL decay with Diffusion equation, it is possible to accurately

determine the exciton lifetime, diffusion rate, and diffusion length