Structural Design Report 2017.12.25

PROPOSED STEEL ROOF FOR OFFICE COMPLEX
(PHASE 2-UNION SQUARE)

AT NO.163, DR. COLVIN R.DE SILVA MW, COLOMBO 02
STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORT
REPORT IS PREPARED BY EDIFICE CONSULTANTS PVT.LTD

Proposed Steel Roof for a Office Complex at Union Place
1.0 INTRODUCTION
It is proposed to construct a Steel Roof for Proposed Office Complex (Phase 2-Union Square) at No.163,
Dr. Colvin R.De Silva MW., Colombo 2.
The Plan areas of the Roof is approximately 19.8mx10.8m. The Roof is consists of 4 Nos. of 3 Member
Steel Space Trusses (Curvilinear Shape) which are spaced at 3.6m c/c parallel to longer direction. There
will be solar panels mounted on the roof area. (Please refer to Annex 1).
2.0 DESIGN PARAMETERS

 Roof Geometry
Shown in Annex 1.
 Loads
Weight of Insulations and Zn/AL Roofing Sheets 0.25kN/m2
Weight of C-Purlins 0.04kN/m2
Imposed load on roof is 0.5kN/m

2
Weight due to Solar Panels is 0.25kN/m

2
 Materials
Structural Steel
Steel should be inconformity with BS 4360.
Minimum yield stress shall be p y = 275N/mm2
 Top and Bottom Chords

114.3 mm OD, 5mm TK CHS.
 Bracings
48.3mm OD, 3.2mm TK CHS.
 Purlin
Galvanized C Purlin (C150-20) with Minimum yield stress of p y = 450N/mm2

`
(LYSAGHT or Equivalent)
Structural Design Report

3.0 STANDARDS AND MANUALS REFFERED.

Structural use of Steel work in Buildings BS 5950-1:2000
CP3: Chapter V-Wind Loading
Design loading for Buildings BS 6399: Part 1-1996
Structural Steel work Design by T.J McGinley
Steel Structures-Practical Design Studies by T.J McGinley.
Structural Steel Design to BS 5950 by L.J Morris and D.R Plum
Zed's and Cees Purlin & Girts Structural Sections Users Guide by LYSAGHT,

4.0 LOAD EVALUATIONS AND STRUCTURAL MODELLING & ANALYSIS WITH SAP 2000.
4.1 Introduction
The Roof Structure has to resist the following loads.
 Dead and imposed loads acting vertically
 Uplift loads on the roof rafters due to Wind.
The Structural Modeling Procedure is described in Section 4.2 .The loads acting on the structural
members are calculated as per relevant standards and load evaluation procedure is described in section
4.3. Load combinations considered for the analysis is described in Section 4.4.
4.2 Structural Modeling

The Roof Structure is modeled in SAP 2000 and 3D-Model of the Steel Roof and Isometric view of a
typical truss is as shown in Figure 4.1 & Figure 4.2.
.
Figure 4.1: 3D Model of the Steel Roof

Structural model incorporate the following common features and the assumptions.
(1) In a given truss LHS Support is modeled as pinned support and RHS Support is designed as a Roller
Support.
(2) The Roof Loads (Gravity and Wind) are assigned to Space Trusses as point Loads.
(3) The End Moments are released in all the Bracings.
Figure 4.2: Isometric View of a Typical Space Truss.

4.4 Loads on the Roof
4.4.1 Gravity Loads

A Load case "Unit Roof" is defined in SAP 2000, which simulates a unit load intensity acting on the roof
and corresponding Nodal loads on the truss can be found.
The Truss Spacing = 3.6m
Span of the Truss = 19.8m
A given Top Chord of a Truss has 17 nodes, each truss is having 2 top chords.
3.6 × 19.8 × 1
Hence Nodal Load due to "unit roof" load case = = 2.1kN
2 × 17
This nodal load applied to model under "Unit Roof" load case as shown in Figure 4.3
Figure 4.3 : "Unit roof" Load Case assigned to the Model

"Unit Roof " Load Case is scale multiplies as given in Table 4.1 to simulate the Following Loads.
Table 4.1 : Scale Multipliers to "Unit Roof" Load Case

Load Scale Multiplier to "Unit Roof" Load Case
Insulation and Sheeting 0.25
Imposed Load 0.5
Weight of Solar Panels 0.25
4.4.2 Wind Loads

A wind force on Structure is calculated as per CP3: Chapter V: Part 2: 1972 .According to “Design of
Buildings for High Winds in Sri Lanka” Country is divided in to three wind zones. (See Figure 4.4).
Figure 4.4: Wind Zones in Sri Lanka
Basic wind speeds for each zone is given in Table 3.4 below

Table 4.2: Basic Wind Speeds in Sri Lanka

Zone Basic Wind Speed
Post Disaster Structure Normal Structure
1 53.5 m/s 49 m/s
2 47 m/s 42.5 m/s
3 38 m/s 33.5 m/s
Structure is located in Colombo and is designed as a “Post Disaster Structure”. Hence corresponding
Basic Wind Speed (V) is 38m/s.
Wind force calculation can be done as follows.
Figure 4.5 : Wind Loads directions on Structure

Reference Calculations Out Put

Basic Wind Speed V = 38m/s
(Corresponds to Post Disaster Structure located in Wind Zone
1 of Sri Lanka).
Clause 4.3 Design Wind Speed (V )
s
CP3: Chapter V V = V×S ×S ×S
s 1 2 3
Clause 5.4 Topography Factor (S )
1
CP3: Chapter V S =1
1
Clause 5.5 Ground roughness, building size and height above ground
CP3: Chapter V factor (S )
2
Table 3 Building is located in a Country with many Wind Breaks, which
CP3: Chapter V is Corresponds to Ground roughness Category 3.
Neither the greatest horizontal dimension nor the vertical
dimension of the building exceeds 50m.
Clause 5.5.2 Hence Building Class-Class B
Elevation of the Roof above Ground Level is approximately
40m.
Table 3 S = 1.01
2
CP3: Chapter V
Clause 5.6 Probability Factor (S )
3
CP3: Chapter V
S =1
3
Hence design wind speed is,
V = 38 × 1 × 1.01 × 1 = 38.38m/s
s

Reference Calculations Out Put

Clause 4.3 Dynamic Pressure (q)
CP3: Chapter V q = kVs
2
k = 0.613
q = 0.613 × 38.382 = 902.96 N/mm2
Table 8 h 2.625
= = 0.13 < 0.5
w 19.8
CP3: Chapter V
Figure 4.6 For BC Face, Cpe,α =0 = −0.96
For CD Face, Cpe,α =0 = −0.40
For BC Face, Cpe,α =90 = −0.80
For CD Face, Cpe,α =90 = −0.44
C should be taken as the more onerous of +0.2 and -0.3.

pi
There will be 4 Number of Wind Cases as below.
Figure 4.6 CASE 1-Wind on X Direction, Internal Pressure

CASE 2-Wind on X Direction, Internal Suction
CASE 3-Wind on Y Direction, Internal Pressure
CASE 4-Wind on Y Direction, Internal Suction
Wind Load on BS Face (as a UDL) due to CASE 1 can be found

as follows. (See Figure 4.3)
w = q × Space Frame Spacing × (Cpe − Cpi)
w = 0.9 × 3.6 × (-0.96 − 0.2) = 3.76kN/m

Similarly for Other Faces, the Wind Load Can be calculated and
results are given in Table 4.2.

Figure 4.6: Summary of Wind Load Analysis

Table 4.3 : Summary of Wind Load Analysis

BC CD
CASE 1 -3.76kN/m -1.94kN/m
CASE 2 -2.14kN/m -0.32kN/m
CASE 3 -3.24kN/m -2.07kN/m
CASE 4 -1.62kN/m -0.45kN/m
Wind Loads (UDL) are converted in to equivalent Nodal nodes and assigned to SAP 2000 model as shown
in Figure 4.7.
Figure 4.7 : Wind Loads Assigned to the Model

4.4 Load Combinations

According to Table 4.2, Critical Load Case for Wind is CASE 1.
Hence following Load Combinations were considered in the design.
Combination 1 -1.4 Dead + 1.6 Live
Combination 2 -1.0 Dead+ 1.4 Winds CASE 1
Combination 3-1.2 Dead+ 1.2 Live Loads+1.2 Winds CASE 1
5.0 SUPPORT REACTIONS

See Annex 2.

6.0 DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
6.1 Top Chord

Under Critical Load Combination (Combination 01), the Top Chord is under Axial Compression. As per
SAP 2000 Results the Maximum Compression is 238kN. (See Figure 6.1).
Reference Calculations Results

Design Load
SAP 2000 Results Maximum Axial Compression = 238kN
Structural Drawings Effective Length
L = 1247mm
e
Section
A = 17.2cm2
g
Property Table
r = 3.87cm
Classification of Cross Section

Table 12 0.5 0.5
 275   275 
ε=  = =1
BS 5950-1:2000
 Py   275 
Section is in Axial Compression.
D 114.3
= = 22.86 < 80ε
t 5
Hence Section is not a Slender section Section is Non-Slender.
L 1247
λ= e = = 32.2mm
r 38.7
Table 24 (a) pc = 265.68N/mm2
BS 5950-1:2000
Clause 4.7.4 17.2 × 100 × 265.68 Hence Top Chord is OK.
Pc = A gpc = = 457kN > 238kN
BS 5950-1:2000 1000

SAP2000 12/25/17 13:22:45
Figure 6.1 : Axial Compression Diagram
SAP2000 v14.0.0 - File:sap model - Axial Force Diagram (COM 1) - KN, m, C Units
SAP2000 12/25/17 13:21:02
Figure 6.1 : Axial Tension Diagram.
SAP2000 v14.0.0 - File:sap model - Axial Force Diagram (COM 1) - KN, m, C Units
6.2 Bottom Chord

Under Critical Load Combination (Combination 01), the Bottom Chord is under Axial Tension. As per SAP
2000 Results the Maximum Compression is 474kN. (See Figure 4.2).

Design Load
SAP 2000 Results Maximum Axial Tension = 474kN
Section
A = 17.2cm2
g
Property Table
Clause 4.7.4 17.2 × 100 × 275 Hence Top Chord is OK.
PT = A ep y = = 473kN ≈ 474kN
BS 5950-1:2000 1000

6.3 Bracings
Under Critical Load Combination (Combination 01), the maximum Axial Tension and Axial Compression
of a Bracing is 59 kN and 69 kN Respectively.

Design Load
SAP 2000 Results Maximum Axial Compression =69kN
Structural Drawings Effective Length
L = 1491mm
e
Section
A = 4.53cm2
g
Property Table
r = 1.60cm
Classification of Cross Section

Table 12 0.5 0.5
 275   275 
ε=  = =1
BS 5950-1:2000
 Py   275 
Section is in Axial Compression.
D 48.3
= = 15.1 < 80ε
t 3.2
Hence Section is not a Slender section Section is Non-Slender.
L 1491
λ= e = = 93mm
r 16
Table 24 (a) pc = 173.5N/mm2
BS 5950-1:2000
Clause 4.7.4 4.53 × 100 × 173.5 Hence Bracing is Ok for
Pc = A gpc = = 78.59kN > 69kN
BS 5950-1:2000 1000 Compression.


Design Load
SAP 2000 Results Maximum Axial Tension = 59kN
Section
A = 4.53cm2
g
Property Table
Clause 4.7.4 4.53 × 100 × 275 Hence Bracing is Ok for
PT = A ep y = = 124.5kN > 59kN
BS 5950-1:2000 1000 Tension,

ANNNEX 1-STEEL TRUSS GEOMETRY

LEGENDS
STEEL SPACE TRUSSES AT 3600MM C/C
ANNNEX 2-SUPPORT REACTIONS.

SAP2000 12/22/17 12:13:48
JOINT LABLE 211 JOINT LABLE 220
JOINT LABLE 169

JOINT LABLE 160
SAP2000 v14.0.0 - File:4 - X-Y Plane @ Z=0 - KN, m, C Units

Annex 2-Support Reactions from SAP 2000 Model

TABLE: Joint Reactions
Joint OutputCase CaseType F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
Text Text Text KN KN KN KN-m KN-m KN-m
41 COM 1 Combination -0.035 0.152 61.983 0 0 0
41 COM 2 Combination -0.018 0.109 -21.654 0 0 0
41 COM 3 Combination -0.026 0.131 11.03 0 0 0
50 COM 1 Combination 0 0 62.016 0 0 0
50 COM 2 Combination 0 0 -10.282 0 0 0
50 COM 3 Combination 0 0 20.793 0 0 0
109 COM 1 Combination 0.036 -0.017 62.519 0 0 0
109 COM 2 Combination 0.019 0.003862 -21.383 0 0 0
109 COM 3 Combination 0.027 -0.004685 11.42 0 0 0
118 COM 1 Combination 0 0 62.51 0 0 0
118 COM 2 Combination 0 0 -10.004 0 0 0
118 COM 3 Combination 0 0 21.17 0 0 0
160 COM 1 Combination 0.033 0.025 62.515 0 0 0
160 COM 2 Combination 0.016 0.00499 -21.383 0 0 0
160 COM 3 Combination 0.024 0.014 11.418 0 0 0
169 COM 1 Combination 0 0 62.515 0 0 0
169 COM 2 Combination 0 0 -10.005 0 0 0
169 COM 3 Combination 0 0 21.171 0 0 0
211 COM 1 Combination -0.034 -0.161 62.012 0 0 0
211 COM 2 Combination -0.017 -0.118 -21.661 0 0 0
211 COM 3 Combination -0.025 -0.14 11.037 0 0 0
220 COM 1 Combination 0 0 61.987 0 0 0
220 COM 2 Combination 0 0 -10.274 0 0 0
220 COM 3 Combination 0 0 20.785 0 0 0
Accordingly Maximum Downward Reaction is 63 kN and Maximum Upward Reaction is 22kN.

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PROPOSED STEEL ROOF FOR OFFICE COMPLEX

(PHASE 2-UNION SQUARE)

REPORT IS PREPARED BY EDIFICE CONSULTANTS PVT.LTD

2.0 DESIGN PARAMETERS

Weight of Insulations and Zn/AL Roofing Sheets 0.25kN/m2

Weight of C-Purlins 0.04kN/m2

Imposed load on roof is 0.5kN/m

Weight due to Solar Panels is 0.25kN/m

Minimum yield stress shall be p y = 275N/mm2

 Top and Bottom Chords

Galvanized C Purlin (C150-20) with Minimum yield stress of p y = 450N/mm2

Structural Design Report

3.0 STANDARDS AND MANUALS REFFERED.

Structural Design Report

4.2 Structural Modeling

Figure 4.1: 3D Model of the Steel Roof

Structural Design Report

Figure 4.2: Isometric View of a Typical Space Truss.

Structural Design Report

4.4 Loads on the Roof

4.4.1 Gravity Loads

Figure 4.3 : "Unit roof" Load Case assigned to the Model

Structural Design Report

Table 4.1 : Scale Multipliers to "Unit Roof" Load Case

4.4.2 Wind Loads

Figure 4.4: Wind Zones in Sri Lanka

Structural Design Report

Table 4.2: Basic Wind Speeds in Sri Lanka

Figure 4.5 : Wind Loads directions on Structure

Structural Design Report

Reference Calculations Out Put

Structural Design Report

Reference Calculations Out Put

q = 0.613 × 38.382 = 902.96 N/mm2

Figure 4.6 For BC Face, Cpe,α =0 = −0.96

For CD Face, Cpe,α =0 = −0.40

For BC Face, Cpe,α =90 = −0.80

For CD Face, Cpe,α =90 = −0.44

C should be taken as the more onerous of +0.2 and -0.3.

Figure 4.6 CASE 1-Wind on X Direction, Internal Pressure

Wind Load on BS Face (as a UDL) due to CASE 1 can be found

w = 0.9 × 3.6 × (-0.96 − 0.2) = 3.76kN/m

Structural Design Report

Figure 4.6: Summary of Wind Load Analysis

Structural Design Report

Table 4.3 : Summary of Wind Load Analysis

Figure 4.7 : Wind Loads Assigned to the Model

Structural Design Report

4.4 Load Combinations

5.0 SUPPORT REACTIONS

Structural Design Report

6.0 DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

6.1 Top Chord

Reference Calculations Results

Classification of Cross Section

Structural Design Report

Figure 6.1 : Axial Compression Diagram

Figure 6.1 : Axial Tension Diagram.

6.2 Bottom Chord

Reference Calculations Results

Structural Design Report

Reference Calculations Results

Classification of Cross Section

Structural Design Report