2.

2 Setting Calculations

Relay settings and values of circuit components can be calculated in the following order:

Figure 2-4 Procedure for calculating High Impedance Differential Protection Settings

©2013 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 14 of 48

 2.2.1 Example 1 – 3-Pole Differential Busbar Protection

Figure 2-5 Example System – Single Busbar

Plant Data
See diagram above.

Settings Requirements
Assigned through fault current (rated stability limit) = 31.5kA (CB break capacity)
Required Fault Setting (Primary Operate Current):
Approximately 50% of busbar rating, or
10 – 30% of minimum fault current available, or
As specified by the user
From the supplied plant data a primary operate current (POC) of 1000A is chosen i.e. 50% of busbar rating.

CT and Connection Details

Turns ratio (T) 1/2000
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 600V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 100mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 10 Ohms
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15 Ohms max.

Calculation of Required Stability Voltage Limits

The assigned through fault current is 31.5kA.

31500
VS 10 0.15 160V
2000
VK 600
VS 300V
2 2

©2013 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 15 of 48

Calculation of Stabilising Resistor Value

The required relay setting (87/50-1) Is can be calculated from:

POC = ( IMAG TOTAL + Is ) / T = ( 6(IMAG) + Is ) / T

Is = POC x T – IMAG TOTAL = 1000/2000 – IMAG TOTAL
Is = 0.5 – 6(IMAG)

The magnetising current is dependent on the relay operate voltage (Vs), this is not finalised yet so a provisional
value (Vs prov) is chosen from the above i.e. 160 < Vs < 300

Say Vs prov = 175V. From the CT magnetising curve Imag = 21mA at 175V.
Irelay = 0.5 – 6(0.021) = 0.374A (use 0.37A)
Rstab = 175/.37 = 470 Ohms

Metrosil Specification

‘C’ Value
Vs = 175V (i.e. > 100V) so a ‘C’ value of 1000 is chosen

Short Time Power Rating

Using the empirical formula
4
P1SEC IF T VK

4 1
P1SEC 31500 600 12kW
2000

For values > 8kW/s a 150mm Metrosil is required

Stabilising Resistor Specification

Continuous Power Rating

PCONT Is 2 x Rstab
PCONT 0.37 2 x 470
PCONT 64W

©2013 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 16 of 48

 Short Time Power Rating

VFint 2
P1SEC Where: V Fint 4
(V K 3 x R stab x I Fint ) x 1.3
Rstab

31500
IFint 15.75A
2000
VFint 4
(VK 3 x Rstab x IFint) x 1.3
VFint 4
(600 3 x 470 x 15.75 1.3 1462V
2
1462
P1SEC 4.54kW
470

Summary of 7SR23 Settings and External Components

87/50-1 Element = Enabled

87/50-1 Setting = 0.37A
87/50-1 Delay = 0s

CT50 Element = Enabled

CT50 Setting = 0.02A
CT50 Delay = 3s

Rstab = 470 Ohms, 220W continuous (typical manufacturers data)

Metrosil diameter = 150mm

Metrosil ‘C’ value = 1000

Figure 2-6 3 Pole Differential Relay circuit

©2013 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 17 of 48

2.2.2 Example 2 – Restricted Earth Fault Protection

Plant Data
10MVA
33/11kV

7SR23
7SR23
Relay Circuit
Relay Circuit

Figure 2-7 Example System – Restricted Earth Fault

Plant Data
See diagram above.

Settings Requirements
Rated current = 10 x 106 / ( 3 x 11000) = 525A
Assigned through fault current (rated stability limit) = 16 x load current = 8.4kA, or, as specified by the user.
Required Fault Setting (Primary Operate Current):
10 – 25% of protected winding rated current, or
As specified by the user.
Required P.O.C. = 53 - 131A. Say 60A.

Line CT (LCT) and Connection Details

Turns ratio (T) 1/600
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 350V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 40mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 7.5 Ohms
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15 Ohms max.

Neutral CT (NCT) and Connection Details

Turns ratio (T) 1/600
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 300V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 50mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 6 Ohms
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15 Ohms max.

©2013 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 18 of 48

Calculation of Required Stability Voltage Limits

The assigned through fault current is 31.5kA.

8400
VS 7.5 0.15 107.1V
600
8400
VS 6 0.15 86.1V
600
VK 300
VS 150V
2 2

Calculation of Stabilising Resistor Value

The required relay setting Is can be calculated from:

POC = ( 3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGNCT + Irelay ) / T

Irelay = POC x T – ( 3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGNCT) = 60/600 – Imag total
= 0.1 – ( 3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGNCT)

The magnetising current is dependent on the relay operate voltage (Vs), this is not finalised yet so a provisional
value is chosen from the above i.e. 107.1 < Vs < 150
Say Vsprov = 120V. From CT magnetising curve: At 120V IMAGLCT = 9mA and IMAGNCT = 12mA
Irelay = 0.1 – (3(0.009) + 0.012) = 0.06A
Rstab = 120/.061 = 1967 Ohms (Say 2000 Ohms giving Vs = 2000 x 0.06 = 120V)

Metrosil Specification

‘C’ Value
Vs = 120V (i.e. > 100V) so a ‘C’ value of 1000 is chosen

Short Time Power Rating

Using the empirical formula

4
P1SEC I F T VK

4 1
P1SEC 8400 350 6.24kW
600

For values < 8kW/s a 75mm Metrosil is used.

©2013 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 19 of 48

Stabilising Resistor Specification

Continuous Power Rating

PCONT Is 2 x Rstab
PCONT 0.06 2 x 2000
PCONT 7.2W

Short Time Power Rating

VFint 2
P1SEC Where: V Fint 4
(V K 3 x R stab x I Fint ) x 1.3
Rstab

8400
IFint 14A
600
VFint 4
(VK 3 x Rstab x IFint) x 1.3
VFint 4
(350 3 x 2000 x 14 1.3 1361V
2
1361
P1SEC 926W
2000

Summary of Relay Settings and Components

87REF-1 Element = Enabled

87REF-1 Setting = 0.06A
87REF-1 Delay = 0s

Rstab = 2000 Ohms, 40W continuous (typical manufacturers data)

Metrosil diameter = 75mm

Metrosil ‘C’ value = 1000

Figure 2-8 REF Relay circuit

©2013 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 20 of 48

Section 3: CT Requirements for High Impedance Protection
For the 7SR23 high impedance protection:
It is recommended that low reactance CTs conforming to IEC61869-2 Class PX are used. Class PX CTs
have a specified excitation characteristic and secondary winding resistance and these parameters are
used to calculate the performance of the protection in terms of primary operate current for internal faults
and stability during through fault conditions.
All current transformers should have an equal turns ratio.
The knee-point voltage of the CTs must be greater than 2 x Setting Voltage (Vs).
i.e. Required Vk 2 x IF (RCT + RL) T Volts

A full explanation of how to specify CTs for use with high impedance protection is available on our Website:
www.siemens.com/energy.

Typically the CT primary rating rated current of protected circuit (where rated current is different on each circuit
use highest rating e.g. Bus Section rating).

©2013 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 21 of 48