MEASUREMENT OF SPUR GEAR PARAMETERS

Aim: To measure the spur year parameters by using Gear tooth Vernier calipers and compare with
Analytical Value

Introduction
Gears are mainly used for transmission of power & motion. In order that the rotary motion
of the driven shaft be perfectly uniform relative to the rotating shaft. It is essential that both gears
be of perfect geometrical form & be perfectly mounted on perfect shaft, running in the perfect
bearing_ It is thus obvious that big factor which decides the accuracy of gearing is the precision
with which gears mounted.

For close control over accuracy of manufacture, precision measurement of gear plays a
vital role.

Measurement of Tooth Thickness

The permissible error or the tolerance on thickness of tooth is the variation of actual
thickness of tooth from its theoretical value. This is generally measured at pitch circle & is
therefore, the pitch line thickness of tooth. It may be mentioned that the tooth thickness is defined
as the length of arc which is difficult to measure directly.

Instruments Used for Tooth Thickness Measurement

1. Gear Tooth Vernier Caliper:
It is used to measure the thickness of gear tooth at the pitch line or choral thickness of the
teeth and the distance from top of the tooth to the chord. The thickness of tooth at the pitch line
and addendum is measured by an adjustable tongue, each of which is adjusted independently by
adjusting screw on graduated bars.

It is simple & inexpensive. However, it needs different settings for a variation in number
of teeth for a given pitch & accuracy is limited by least count of instruments.

Method of Measuring the Gear Tooth Thickness by Gear Tooth Vernier Caliper
The tooth thickness can be very conveniently measured by gear tooth Vernier. Since the
gear tooth thickness varies from the tip to the base circle of the tooth. The instrument must capable
of measuring tooth thickness at specified position on tooth. Thy. Tooth thickness generally
measured at pitch circle & is therefore referred as pitch line thickness of tooth. The gear tooth
Vernier has two Vernier scales & they are set for the width (w), of the tooth & depth (d) from the
top at which 'w' occurs.

Considering one gear tooth, the theoretical value of 'w' and 'cl` can be found out of which
may be verified by the instrument.
The theoretical value of 'W' is found out by,

90
𝑊 = 𝑁𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
𝑁

The theoretical value of 'd' is given

𝑁𝑚 2 90
𝑑= (1 + − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ))
2 𝑁 𝑁
Where
N = Number of tooth on gear
m = Module of gear

Figure 1: Gear tooth Vernier Caliper

Procedure:

1. Determine the parameters analytically using the formulae given the theory
2. Measure these parameters using measuring instrument like gear tooth Vernier caliper
(Figure 1).
3. Check these reading with analytical value.
Observation and Calculation

Sl. Analytical Value Measured Value

Parameter Trial %age Error
No. in mm in mm
Width, w 1
2
3
Avg.
Depth, d 1
2
3
Avg.

Conclusion: Above method can be used for measurement of spur gear parameters.