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Brief Definition
Imperialism: It is the system in which one country controls other countries, often after defeating them in
a war.
Colonialism: It is the practice by which a powerful country controls another country or other countries.
Non-alignment is a policy of not joining either of the two power blocs (one lead by the USA and the other
by the former USSR) and following an independent foreign policy without any interference from the super
powers.
Panchsheel forms the core of Indian foreign policy and aims at mutual respect for each other’s territorial
integrity and sovereignty, non-aggression, non-interference, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful
coexistence among nations.
SAARC is the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation formed in 1985 to promote regional
cooperation among the member countries.
2. What was the cardinal principle of Ashoka’s administration in the Ancient Period?
Ans. The cardinal principle of Ashoka’s administration in the ancient period was ahimsa or nonviolence.
It was Mahatma Gandhi’s chief instrument of opposition to British rule during the national
movement.
5. How did Nehru seek to create a zone of peace in South Asia? What policies did successive
governments in India follow in pursuance of Nehru’s policy?
Ans. Nehru wanted to create a zone of peace in South Asia through mutual cooperation and understanding
between the developing nations of the region. In pursuance of Nehru’s policy of maintaining peace
in Asia, successive governments of India have, by and large, followed a policy of non-interference
in the affairs of neighbouring countries. They have also tried to maintain friendly relations with
their neighbours by adopting five principles known as Panchsheel.