WASHINGTON, D.C.

Sonika Patel
M.Tech I st year
 Location
• Country : United states of America
• Approved on: July 16 , 1970
• Named after : George Washington

• The District is bordered by

• Montgomery County, Maryland, to the
northwest
• Prince George's County, Maryland, to the
east
• Arlington and Alexandria, Virginia, to the
south and west

• Washington D C is located in the mid-Atlantic

region of the U.S. East Coast. Location plan
Introduction

Land Area:68.3 square Population: 601,723

miles

The District is under the

Commonly referred to as exclusive jurisdiction of
Washington, "the the United States
District", or simply D.C. Congress not a part of any
U.S. state.

Federal District:
Washington DC is not a
state. It is a federal district
created specifically to be
the seat of government.
Geography and natural resources
• The city has a total area of 177 km2 of which 159 km2 is land
and 18 km2 (10.16%) is water. The District has 7,464 acres
(30.21 km2) of parkland.
• The Potomac River forms the District's border with Virginia and
has two major tributaries: the Anacostia River and Rock Creek
• The highest natural elevation is 409 feet (125 m) above sea
level at Fort Reno Park in upper northwest Washington.
• The lowest point is sea level at the Potomac River.
• The geographic centre of Washington is near the intersection of
4th and L Streets NW.

Climate
• humid subtropical climate zone exhibits four distinct seasons.
• annual snowfall averaging 39 cm.
• Winter temperatures average 3.3 °C , Summers are hot and humid with daily average of 26.6 °C and
average daily relative humidity 66%
• Hurricanes occasionally track through the area in late summer but are weak by the time Washington
 Administration
• Local Government
• DC residents pay taxes to the federal government
• They do not have a voting representative in Congress
• DC is divided into 8 Wards, geographical regions that are
used to elect members of the DC City Council
• Government Officials:
• Mayor
• DC Council (13 elected members)
• Congressional Delegation (delegate to the House of
Representatives, two senators, and one representative),
• State Board of Education and Advisory Neighborhood
Commissions
Ward boundaries
Total population by state legislative district
Demographics

2010 census ` Total % Male female

Population 601,723 24 284,222 317,501
(47.2%) (52.8%)
Density 3,977/km2
White 231,471 38.5% 114,740 116,713
Black 305,125 50.7% 138,512 166,613
American 2,079 0.3% 1,029 1,050
Indian and
Alaska Native
Asian 21,056 3.5% 8,807 12,249
Other Race 24,374 4.1% 13,066 11,308
Hispanic/Latino 54,749 9.1% 28,258 26,491
 Population by race

Population by median age group

• Population under 18 : 10.3%

• Population 65 and over 8.4%
• Median age
• Male 33 years
• Female 34 years
 Economy
• The gross state product of the District in 2010 was $103.3 billion
• The District of Columbia have an unemployment rate of 9.8%
• Tourism is Washington's second largest industry contributed $4.8 billion to the local economy in 2012

DC Employment Growth 2000-2011

The number of jobs in the district has been growing
steadily since 2009, reaching 707,000 in 2011
Source: Quarterly census of employment and wages 2000-2011, BAE,
2013
 Economy Median house hold income 2011
Major Industries Federal government, Education,
Tourism
Gross Metro Product $365.7 B
Median Home Price $505,428
Unemployment 3.9%
Cost of Living 140.0 (U.S. average = 100.0)
College Attainment 48%
Net Migration (2015) 3,120
Job Growth (2015) 1.9%
more tha less than
200000 25000
11% 23%
100-
200000
22%

25-50000
17%
75-
100000
11% 50-75000
16%
Household earning graph
 Housing
Housing(2011) Number Percentage
Total housing units 298908
Single family units 114575 38.3
Multi family units 183906 61.25
Built 2000 or later 26387 8.8
Occupied housing units 268670 89.9
Owner occupied 110625 41.2
Renter occupied 158045 58.8
Vacant housing units 30328 10.1
Homeowner vacancy rate 2.2
Rental vacancy rate 4.9
 Housing character
Washington is made up of five types of building blocks, the party- wall office building, the row home, the
dethatched bungalow, the neo- classical institution, and the urban villa.
The attached buildings have given Washington the necessary density to make it second only to Manhattan in terms
of jobs located in its urban center.
The detatched home was a typical trend in suburban development in this country as residential neighborhoods
attempted to maintain a pastoral ideal while remaining in close proximity to the urban economy. A reliable public
transit infrastructure has made these neighborhoods some of the most desirable in the district.

The party wall office The party wall rowhome

building maximizes was the traditional
the real estate in housing stock of
downtown Washington. Washington throughout
Building heights are the Eighteenth and
limited to 135 feet Nineteenth Centuries.
(40.5m). Office Though heights varied,
buildings typically have many had basement
retail on the first floor in apartments with seperate
addtion to lobbies. entry.
 Demand for stately space in the
The detatched house was introduced Capital
in drove the development of Urban
the outskirts of the District in the early Villas, which were detached
Twentieth Century. Originally laid out buildings with a processional
in traditional blocks with similar entramce. Often housing either
setbacks, the block gave way to the diplomatic or charitable functions,
suburban serpentine street system these are most prevelant on 16th
typical of the mid and late Twentieth Street and Embassy Row along
Century. This building type does not Wisconsin Avenue, Serve a
occur within the section of the city symbolic purpose idealizing
planned by L’Enfant. democratic value.

Address system
• The city's addressing system - a Cartesian coordinate system with its origin at the Capitol
• Streets are set out in a grid pattern with east–west streets named with letters and north–south streets with
numbers
 Historical background
17th century January 23, 1788 July 16, 1790 August 24–25, 1814 Organic Act of 1871
Various tribes of the James Madison argued Foundation of the The Civil War and Raid known individual charters of the
Algonquian-speaking the necessity for a
District Capital as the Burning of Washington cities of Washington and
Piscataway people national capital.
inhabited the lands Georgetown, and created a
new territorial government
for the whole District of
Columbia.

1973 April 4, 1968
Congress enacted the The assassination of civil
District of Columbia Home rights leader Dr. Martin
Rule Act Luther King, broke riots in
the district
Early 1900
Washington was the first
city in the nation to
undergo urban renewal
projects as part of the "City
Beautiful movement"
 Planning history
Washington D C is a planned city

The L’Enfant and Ellicott Plans

In 1791, President Washington commissioned Pierre Charles
L’Enfant, a French-born architect and city planner
L'Enfant's envisioned a garden-lined "grand avenue" 1.6 km in
length and 120 m wide, in the area of National Mall.

Jefferson’s Plan
Jefferson’s plan would have been a series of 600 x
600 ft blocks, anchored on either end by governmental buildings
Today the skyline remains low and sprawling, in keeping with
Thomas Jefferson's wishes to make Washington an "American Paris"
with "low and convenient" buildings on "light and airy" streets
 Street Layout McMillan Plan was finalized in 1901
re-landscaping the Capitol grounds and the
Pierre Charles L'Enfant National Mall
By the early 1900s, L'Enfant's vision of a grand national clearing slums
capital had become marred by establishing a new city-wide park system
slums By law, Washington's skyline is low and sprawling.
randomly placed buildings The Heights of Buildings Act of 1910 amended the
a railroad station on the National Mall. restrictions -buildings less than the width of the
adjacent street, plus 6.1 m

Present street layout

 City Layout
• Washington was modeled in the Baroque style incorporated
avenues radiating out from rectangles providing room for open
space and landscaping
• Four quadrants
• Streetscapes- the intersections of two or three diagonal avenues are
punctuated with landscaped circles and squares, while their
intersections with grid streets create triangular and trapezoidal lots.

Layout of THE MALL

 City Layout
The planning began with principle
of buildings and squares

He divided lines of direct

communication to promote traffic
between these cardinal points

The plan was divided into two

axes intersecting at right angles,
each with its own focus-the white
house and capital
on the main axis is the capital and
on the secondary axis is the white
house

He made the presidents house, the

centre of 7 radiating boulevards.
 Land use
Current zoning code in place since 1958

http://dc.gov/DC Commercial Residential Mixed use Hills

Industrial waterfront Special purpose Unzoned
 Infrastructure
The centers of all three branches of the federal government
of the States are in the District
the Congress
The President`
The Supreme Court
Washington is home to many national monuments and
museums, which are primarily situated on or around the
National Mall.
The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as
the headquarters of many international organizations, trade
unions, non-profit organizations and professional
associations
 Recreational
Green infrastructure
The National Park Service -9,122 acres
(36.92 km2) of city land
Rock Creek Park (1860)
• 1,754-acre (7.10 km2) urban forest in
Northwest Washington
• extends 15.0 km through a stream valley
that bisects the city

The D.C. Department of Parks and

Recreation maintains the city's 900 acres (3.6
km2) of athletic fields and playgrounds, 40
swimming pools, and 68 recreation centers.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture operates
the 446-acre (1.80 km2) U.S. National
Arboretum in Northeast Washington
Transportation map
Transportation
There are 2,400 km of public roads in the city
• 37% of Washington-area commuters take
public transportation to work
• A 2011 study- seventh-most walkable
city
• According to a 2010 study , commuters
spent 70 hours a year in traffic delays,
which tied with Chicago for having the
nation's worst road congestion
 Road network

Highway network Road network

 Road type
1. I-495 – The Capital Beltway- The highway is one of the busiest in the nation
2. George Washington Memorial Parkway- The road is a memorial to George Washington and a part of the
National Park system
3. I-295- Baltimore-Washington Parkway-The 29-mile highway runs southwest from Baltimore to Washington,
DC
4. I-95- The road serves some of the most populated areas of the country
5. I-395- is also named the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway and in Washington DC it is known as the
Southwest Freeway
6. US-50- stretches more than 3,000 miles from Ocean City,Maryland to West Sacramento, California.
7. I-66- is the only highway that runs west from Washington, DC into Northern Virginia and traffic is often very
congested
8. I-270- is a 34.70- mile road that runs from the Capital Beltway just north of Bethesda to I-70 in Frederick,
Maryland
9. VA Route 267 - Dulles Toll/Access Roads- a toll road for commuting and a free road to access Dulles
International Airport.
10. I-370- is a spur off of I-270 that connects to the parking lot for the Shady Grove Metrorail Station
11. MD-200 - The ICC- is an 18-mile toll road in Maryland linking Interstates 270 and 95
12. I-70- It is the oldest interstate in the United States and traces the route of the National Road, now known as
U.S. Route 40
 Metro
The Washington Metropolitan Area
Transit Authority (WMATA) operates the
Washington
Metro, the city's rapid transit system
Metrobus

Metro consists of 86 stations and 171.1

km of track
an average of about one million trips
each weekday
Metrobus serves over 400,000 riders each
weekday

The city also operates its own DC

Circulator bus system
connects commercial areas within central
Washington
 DDOT Services: Circulator DDOT Services: street car

Washington Metropolitan Area Transit

Para transit
Authority (WMATA)
 Water supply
Railway
• Union Station is the city's main train station services
approximately 70,000 people each day • The District of Columbia Water and
• It is Amtrak's second-busiest station with 4.6 million Sewer Authority (DC Water)
passengers annually • Employees: 1,000
Air • Service area: 1,880 km2
Three major airports serve the District • Drinking water pumped: 410,000 m3 a
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport day
Washington Dulles International Airport
• Drinking water distribution
Marshall Airport
• Pipes: 2,100 km
Expansion of transport system • Pumping Stations: 5
• Streetcar system to interconnect the city's
• Reservoirs: 5
neighborhoods
• part of the regional Capital Bikeshare program, • Elevated water storage tanks: 3
one of the largest bicycle sharing systems in the • Valves: 36,000
country with over 1,670 bicycles and 175 stations
• expanding a network of marked bicycle lanes
which currently exist on 90 km of streets
 Sewage

• The District of Columbia is one of older cities with

a combined sewer system
• The combined sewer system covers about a third
of the city
• built in the late 19th century to carry both sanitary
sewage and storm water in the same pipe
• The system operates well in dry weather
• However, during rainstorms, the flow can exceed
the capacity of the pipe
• To prevent sewer backups and flooded streets,
these combined sewers may discharge into the
Anacostia and Potomac Rivers and Rock Creek, a
phenomenon known as combined sewer overflows
(CSOs)
 Sewage
• Sewers
• Sanitary and combined sewers: 2,900 km
• Flow-metering stations: 22
• Off-site wastewater pumping stations: 9
• Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater
Treatment Plant
• Largest advanced wastewater treatment
plant in the world
• 150 acres (0.61 km2)
• Capacity: 1,400,000 m3 per day
• Peak capacity: 4,070,000 m3 per day
 Peculiar character of city City conditions
• Washington D C is known for its easily
imaged and well connected street grid
Q
Stre
Du et

Nineteent
Pon
this grid disintegrates along the city’s

h Street
t
Cir
cle

Eighteent
southern borders, where it collides with
h Street
the Anacostia and Potomac rivers
Dupont Circle
• This separation may have worked
historically for an isolated capital city

• but it doesn’t work in the hyper-

networked world of today, where D.C.
acts as the hub of a vital metropolitan
• Q Street laid out at either 90 or 110 feet are region
traditionally three or four story rowhomes.
Du point circle:
• A vibrant park and traffic rotary combined, the circle is at
• parts of Rock Creek Park are difficult to
the intersection of three major diagonal avenues. reach with public transit
• Massachusetts avenue is one of L'Enfant's planned “grand
traverse avenues”, set out at 160 feet side, with 80 feet of
carriage way and 80 feet of trees and pedestrian way.