Thesis

1
VALENZUELA CITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

Kamagong St. Fortune Village. Parada Valenzuela City
THE LEVEL OF ACCEPTABILITY OF SNAP BUTTON AS FABRIC

ALTERNATIVE IN CREATING VOGUISH TUBE AND SKIRT
A Special Research
Presented to the Faculty of
Formal Education Department of
Valenzuela City Polytechnic College
In Partial Fulfillment
Of The Requirements Of
The Degree Bachelor Technical
Teacher Education Major In Garments And Fashion Design
Alapar, Ma. Rhenna B.

Calim, Kimberly T.
Edria, Beverly Kaye M.
Gutib, Leslie M.
Salvador, Jessica P.
2018
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ABSTRACT
TITLE: THE LEVEL OF ACCEPTABILITY OF SNAP BUTTON AS

FABRIC ALTERNATIVE IN CREATING VOGUISH TUBE
AND SKIRT
RESEARCHERS: Alapar, Ma. Rhenna B.

Calim, Kimberly T.
Edria, Beverly Kaye M.
Gutib, Leslie M.
Salvador, Jessica P.
ADVISER: Engr. Florino Oiga
SCHOOL: Valenzuela City Polytechnic College
COURSE: Bachelor of Technical Teacher Education

Major in Garments And Fashion Design
YEAR: 2018
3
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
In this present generation where in small thing doesn’t really matter at all and
ways of using it are restricted in one thing.
Researchers come up to the idea of using a small piece of metals that is
commonly used in wallet, pouch, bags, skirts and blouses as for closure purposes
only.
People limit themselves in creating apparels that can only be done using
fabrics, woven strands of plants, laces and recyclable materials as well. They also
say that the way on how to carry one selves. It can give justification on apparels
without thinking materials that are used and how it is done.
Researchers create an idea to make tube and skirt out of those small things
that is not widely used called “ Snap Button “ as alternative in fabrics as the primary
materials. This research aims to help fashion industry keep on creating clothes
without using the widely used materials only. This will contribute to fashion that
can be used in worldwide.

4
Theoretical Framework
This study will be based on some Fashion designer all over the world,
researchers, and to all people who wants to innovate and custom to their own look.
According to study of Rosella Capetto, Anna Ponti, Paola Cillo entitled
convergent designs in fine fashions: An evolutionary model of stylistic innovation,
“In this paper we propose and test an evolutionary model of stylistic symbolic
elements of products and services” Style is increasingly relevant phenomenon in
many industries and our goal is to develop of how style introduced and adopted it.
We build on existent literature on technological change to flame the dynamic of
how style change across time. In the model we propose companies face periods
of ferment with relevant stylistic variations and periods of convergence in a single
trend that is stylistic convergent design versus the technological dominant design.
We identify the drivers of convergence in stylistic innovation. We test the model
with a longitudinal empirical study (1984-2002) in the fine fashion industry,
explaining the main differences between a stylistic and a technological
evolutionary model.
Conceptual Framework
The researchers use the study method were the small piece of metal (snap
button) serve as fabric to create a tube and skirt.

5
Phase 1:
Separating the front and back of snap button.
Phase 2:
With the use of thread and needle insert the thread in the hole of back part of snap
button do it twice until it gets tight. Add another snap button and repeat the same
procedure until it fits to its desired length and add the front part of snap button
Phase 3:
Interlock the back and front part of snap button.
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PROCESS OUTPUT
INPUT
Demographic of the
Separating back and front of Produce a voguish skirt
respondents in terms of:
snap button and tube by using snap
button.
1:1 Age
Hand sewed tube and skirt

1:2 Gender
1:3 Job
Level of acceptability
voguish skirt and tube made
of snap button?
Comparative study of
selective snap button
2:1 Affordability
2:2 Appearance
2:3 Durability
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Hypothesis
There is no significant difference on the level of acceptability of snap button as
fabric alternative in creating voguish tube and skirt in terms of texture, color,
appearance and durability
Significance of the study
The result of study may be a way to help the utilization of snap button producing
voguish skirt and tube.
In addition, this study is undertaken to provide information that may be useful
for the following:
Students – for them to acquire additional knowledge about snap buttons and they
may also know the benefits they can get from it.
Parents - the result of this study may help them to guide their children to be more
creative and productive
Concern Individual - they will know the significance of snap button and other use
of it.
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Fashion Expertise- this study aim to help experts in taking a new step in making
designs and creations that will help the development of fashion industry.
Manufacturers: It will help manufacturers especially those company that are
related
to Garments industry to create and produce innovated snap buttons and other
related fasteners.
Entrepreneur - this study will help many entrepreneur to create a new and unique
product in line with their business, like fashion ornaments and accessories.
General study - this study intend to help some fashion expertise to give
importance and to innovate the use of snap button as a fabric alternative.
Future researchers – it will help them to widen their idea of their and it will also
serve as a guide in conducting similar research study.

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Scope and Delimitation
The study of this research was demarcated to Bachelor of Technical Teacher
Education particularly in Garments and Fashion Design and in fashion industry.
The focus of this study is to find out how was this small metal can contribute to
fashion statement and industry and will be limited only with the use of snap buttons.
This study also deals and mainly concerned with the use of snap buttons from
how people set aside the fastener in creating apparel.
Definition of Terms
Accuracy - the condition or quality of being true, correct, or exact; freedom from
error or defect; precision or exactness; correctness.
Alternative- One of a number of possible choices or courses of action.
Adopted - to accept or act in accordance with (a plan, principle, etc.).
Apparel - Clothing of a particular kind.
Attribute - something attributed as belonging to a person, thing, group, etc.; a
quality, character, characteristic, or property:

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Boutique - a small shop or a small specialty department within a larger store,
especially one that sells fashionable clothes and accessories or a special selection
of other merchandise
Brocade- fabric woven with an elaborate design, especially one having a raised
overall pattern.
Closure - something that closes or shuts.
Conducting - to direct in action or course; manage; carry on:
to conduct a meeting; to conduct a test.
Conventions - general agreement or consent; accepted usage, especially as a
standard of procedure.
Convergence - The act of converging and especially moving toward union or
Uniformity; especially; coordinated movement of the two eyes so that the image of
a single point is formed or corresponding retinal area
Demarcated - To show the limits or edges of (something)
Demographic - a specific segment of a population having shared characteristics:
Depiction - To describe
Digest - to obtain information, ideas, or principles from; assimilate mentally

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Dispersion - Statistics. the scattering of values of a variable around the mean or
median of a distribution.
Dome - a vault, having a circular plan and usually in the form of a portion of a
sphere, so constructed as to exert an equal thrust in all directions.
Durability - Made to withstands repeated use over a relatively long period, usually
several years ago or more
Dyed - to color or stain; treat with a dye; color (cloth, hair, etc.) with a substance
containing coloring matter.
Dynamic - a basic or dynamic force, especially one that motivates, affects
development or stability, etc.
Dynasty - A family of rulers who rule over a country for a long time.
Ensemble - the entire costume of an individual, especially when all the parts are
in harmony
Empirical - provable or verifiable by experience or experiment.
Evolutionary - pertaining to evolution or development; developmental
Fasten - To attach (something) join (two things or two parts of something)
especially by using a pin or a nail.
Ferment - to seethe with agitation or excitement.

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Fine - choice, excellent, or admirable:
Flame - Often, flames. the state or condition of blazing
Gripper - Printing. (in certain presses) one of a number of fingerlike devices for
gripping a sheet and transferring it to or from the printing surface.
Iconic - Art. (of statues, portraits, etc.) executed according to a convention or
tradition.
Justification -a netlike ornamental fabric made of threads by hand or machine.
Laces - An acceptable reason for doing something.
Longitudinal - extending in the direction of the length of a thing; running
lengthwise
Mainstream - the principal or dominant course, tendency, or trend:
Mean - to have the value of; assume the importance.
Ornaments - mere outward display
Patented - an invention or process protected by this right.
Perforations - a hole made or passing through a thing.
Phenomenon - something that is impressive or extraordinary.

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Renaissance - the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and
learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century,
marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
Researchers - Persons who carefully study that is done to find and report new
knowledge about something
Rigid - firmly fixed or set.
Ruffs - a neckpiece or collar of lace, lawn, or the like, gathered or drawn into deep,
full, regular folds, worn in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Saddle - a seat for a rider on the back of a horse or other animal.
Shagged - a cloth with a nap, as of silk or a heavy or rough woolen fabric.
Shed - to impart or release; give or send forth (light, sound, fragrance, influence,
etc.).
Slit - a straight, narrow cut, opening, or aperture.
Snap Buttons - a snap fastener (also called press stud, popper, snap or stitch ) is
a pair of interlocking disc’s, made out of metal or commonly used in place of
buttons to faster clothing and for similar purposes.
Socket - to place in or fit with a socket.
Sprout - to develop or grow quickly

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Tabulated - to put or arrange in a tabular, systematic, or condensed form;
formulate tabular
Tailored - a person whose occupation is the making, mending, or altering of
clothes, especially suits, coats, and other outer garments.
Torsos - the trunk of the human body.
Trouser – Trousers (British English) or pants (American English) are an item of
clothing worn from the waist to the ankles
Tube - A tube top, colloquially known in the UK as a boob tube, is a shoulder less,
sleeveless women's garment that wraps around the upper torso. It is generally tight
over the breasts, usually by means of elastic bands at its top and bottom, to prevent
it from falling.
Usability - The degree to which something is able or fit to be used
Vagueness - not clearly or explicitly stated or expressed
Velvet - something likened to the fabric velvet, as in softness or texture
Voguish - Fashionable, smart; Suddenly or temporary popular
Woven – Past participle of weave

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Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the level of acceptability of snap button as an
alternative fabric.
Specifically, it thought to the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of respondents in terms of:
1:1 Age
1:2 Gender
1:3 Job
2. What is the level of acceptability of press studs as alternative to fabric in
terms of:
2.1 Affordability
2.2 Appearance
2.3 Durability
3. What is the level of acceptability of snap button as an alternative to fabric?
4. Is there a significance difference on the level of acceptability of selected
fasteners in producing alternative to fabric in terms of texture, color,
appearance and durability?

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY
Foreign Study
According to ‘PEThardware.com’ this snap button have more than one hundred
years of traditional snap button are also retail in American western wear and are
also often chosen for children’s clothing as they are relatively easy for children to
use the most purposes why some inventor came up with this snap button is to
faster clothes
Foreign Literature
Dating back to 210 BC Chinese weavers and that snap button we made of metal
and developed for the Chinese Temacotta army during the Qin dynasty. While
modern snap fasteners more first patented by German inventor Herbert Bacher in
1885 as the “FEDES KNOPT-VERSCHESS” a novelty fastener for men’s trouser.
Some attribute the invention to Bertol Sandersa of Denmark ( "Terra-cotta Warriors
and Horses Museum". China Travel US.)
An Australian inventor Myra Julieth Farell is also credited with inventing a stich
less press studs in America, Jack Weil, (1901-2008) put snap in his iconic western
shirt which spread fashion for them.

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Other literature says that press studs were worn by Redeo cowboy’s from
1930’s onwards, because could be quickly removed if in the event of a fall the shirt
become shagged. In the saddle pearl snaps entered American mainstream
western fashion during 1950’s the most desirable shirts were unique creations,
tailored by Rudie Cohn, but commercially produced western clothing could be
purchased from different companies, by the 1990’s however, press studs had
become associated with the adaptable pensioners and disabled.
According to:
https://books.google.com.ph/books+history+of+snap+button+garments
=history%20of%20snap%20button%20garments
The designer’s spring/summer 1993 collection presented ‘historically inspired
underwear and skirts’ alongside ‘reworked and over-dyed jackets of Renaissance
and eighteenth- century style theatre costumes in velvet and brocade worn on bare
torsos, closed with safety pins or belted with Scotch Tape’. Besides the obvious
using of irony Scotch Tape and safety pins to ‘style’ historical theatre costumes,
their inclusion adds another layer to ‘Margiela’s plays with temporalities. These
costumes, which were transformed and over-aged through an over-dyeing
process, in fact already carry a reference to historical time. Not unlike historical
film costumes, they approximate an historical past, often by resorting to
established conventions of how the past has come to be represented (i.e. puffed
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sleeves and velvets became a short-hand for the Renaissance, neck ruffs for the
Elizabethan era).
Theatre costumes, in fact, perhaps even more so than cinematic ones, present
a simplified and emboldened version of ‘history’ distilled in a few immediately
readable signs, which need to be recognizable by an audience at a distance. As a
result they often shed more light on contemporary rather than past fashions and
on the way the conventions according to which we represent and imagine various
historical periods are rooted in the present. This particularly evident in the theatre
costumes that Margiela included in his 1993 collection, whose historical
approximation and vagueness is further by the reworking of the garments, which
ultimately look rather contemporarily and vaguely pan-historical. The reworked
theatre costumes, having been taking out of the context of an entire ensemble and
having undergone photographic close-up, give away the lack of historical
accuracy: snap button, which are often used in theatre costume to allow for quick
changes, are visible on ‘Renaissance’ jackets worn open on a vaguely military
eighteenth-century riding habit.
In http://winter.fashion.org/common/The_history_of_Snap_fasteners.com
It is not very clear who invented the snap fastener, some sources say it is an
American invention, but I have not been able to find a patent or a name in the data
base of the USA patent office.

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In all, I have not been able to find a lot about the history of Snap Fasteners on
the web as far as the American history concerns.
Following is a digest of an article at www.fabrics.net. The earliest snap
fasteners were of the bird-cage type -- a dome slit by longitudinal perforations and
a rigid ring as a socket into which the dome was forced. Because of the design,
these snaps would later be called ball and socket fastened. Snaps began showing
up around 1840 in Europe. They were used primarily on theatrical costumes,
Especially where the costume had to be removed quickly between scenes of plays.
For example, snaps were sewn on the outside of garments to hold ruffles and then
quickly removed to change costume’s appearance. Snaps then began to appear
on gloves.
During the 1850s the snap was designed as we know it today. A German firm
invented a snap fastener with a double ‘S spring’ made from bronze wire in the late
1800s. The early snaps were not reliable nor rustproof. By the early 1890s they
began to sprout by the hundreds, as many brands as hooks and eyes and more
often than not by the same manufacturer.
Adjustable heavy metal snaps called mechanics buttons were popular for men’s
work pants in the early 1900s as they still are today although most are now gripper
style.
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The European history started in Germany. The "Federknopf-Verschluss" is meant
to create an easier way of closing and opening the fly of men's trousers. The above
statement is part of the patents text in the: "Patentschrift No. 32496 des
Kaiserlichen Patentamts" The invention was done by Heribert Bauer, the patent
was granted on May, 5th, 1885. There is no knowledge of what happened to the
inventor, except that he sold his invention to a German company called Prym in
1903. Prym started production and marketing that same Year and made it a
success. This at least proves that inventing alone is not enough, marketing a
product is equally important. Prym still is the leading European producer in Snap
Fasteners.
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Chapter II
Methodology
This chapter presents the research, and techniques to carry out the objectives
of the study. It will discuss the research design, research locale, respondents of
the study, instrumentation, sample and sampling techniques product design, data
gathering procedure and statistical treatment.
Research Design
This research entitled “The Level of Acceptability of Snap Button as Fabric
Alternative in Creating Voguish Tube and Skirt“ the researcher will use
experimental method and for study research design will help the researcher design
to analyze and study the significance of the snap button and to gather data of the
snap button as a material in making voguish skirt and tube will be acceptable and
usable to respondents.
The experimental method- study provides the depiction of the instrumentation
and the procedure used in the experiment of the study of the acceptability of snap
button as an alternative fabric in making voguish tube and skirt.

22
Research Locale
This research was conducted at Ananias St. Reparo road Baesa Caloocan City,
where the researchers came up with this study.
Respondents of the Study
The study focused only on Fashion Designers and Boutique owners as
respondents located at different place from Valenzuela and Caloocan City to
answer the self-constructed questionnaire so that researchers would be able to
gather the necessary data that were credible and acceptable, that would further
determine the perception of study.
Instrumentation
The instrumentation used in the study was in the form of survey questionnaire
consists of the profile of the respondents, the question reflecting on The Level of
Acceptability of Snap Buttons as Fabric Alternative in creating Voguish Tube and
Skirt. The survey was created using suitable questions modified from related
research. The survey was comprised of five questions, which were related to the
participant’s perception regarding their acceptance in this experiment. In the
questionnaire, like scale was used to determine the level of acceptability in terms
23
of texture, color, appearance as to perceive to the demographic profile of the
respondents.
The researcher assured confidentiality of their survey sheets since the identities
are not significant. The researcher also understood that people’s was
consciousness may also affect their honesty and effectiveness in answering the
survey, and so, the researcher gave people the option of being anonymous.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher will use questionnaire in collecting data needed in the study to
determine The Level of Acceptability of Snap Buttons as Fabric Alternative in
Creating Voguish Tube and Skirt. The researchers personally administered the
survey to the respondents. The respondents were briefed as the purpose of the
study and were guided accordingly for an efficient and effective accomplishment
of the survey.
Statistical Analysis
The gathered data will be collected and tabulated to ensure valid and reliable
data presentation. The analysis of statistical tools and techniques will be treated
24
as 0.01 level of significance.
Mean will be employed to determine the Fashion Designers or Boutique
Owner’s response to the level of acceptability of Snap Buttons formula:
A- Mean
∑ 𝐹𝑋
𝑋=
𝑛
Where:
X= mean
∑ 𝐹𝑋= total number of frequency
n= number of cases
B- T-test
1 2
𝑋− − 𝑋−
𝑇= 1 2
√ 𝑆1 +𝑆 2
𝑛 𝑛
Where:
1
𝑋 − = Mean of the first variable
2
𝑋 − = Mean of the second variable
𝑆 1 = Standard deviation of the first variable

25
𝑆 2 = Standard deviation of the second variable
𝑛1 = Number of cases of first variable
𝑛2 = Number of cases of second variable
Standard Deviation (SD) measures the amount of variation of dispersion from
the average. The Standard Deviation is commonly used to measure confidence
in statistical conclusion.
Formula:
√∑(𝑋−𝑋 2 )
𝑆𝐷 = 𝑛−1
Where:
n = number of cases
∑ 𝑥 = Summation of x
X= value in data
𝑥̅ = sample mean
26
Verbal Interpretation
Assigned Point
Value
Highly Accepted 5 4.50 – 5.00
Moderately Accepted 4 4.49 – 3.50
Slightly Accepted 3 3.49 - 2.50
Less Accepted 2 2.49 – 1.50
Not Accepted 1 1.49 – 1.00
The obtained weighted mean rating will be interpreted using the following
range/ scale below:
VLE – very little extent
LE – little extent
ME – moderate extent
GE – to a great extent
VGE – very great extent
The researchers use Pearson’s Product moment coefficient of correlation
to determine the relationship of snap buttons as fabric.

27

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1

VALENZUELA CITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

THE LEVEL OF ACCEPTABILITY OF SNAP BUTTON AS FABRIC

Alapar, Ma. Rhenna B.

TITLE: THE LEVEL OF ACCEPTABILITY OF SNAP BUTTON AS

RESEARCHERS: Alapar, Ma. Rhenna B.

ADVISER: Engr. Florino Oiga

SCHOOL: Valenzuela City Polytechnic College

COURSE: Bachelor of Technical Teacher Education

ways of using it are restricted in one thing.

Researchers come up to the idea of using a small piece of metals that is

without thinking materials that are used and how it is done.

can be used in worldwide.

According to study of Rosella Capetto, Anna Ponti, Paola Cillo entitled

convergent designs in fine fashions: An evolutionary model of stylistic innovation,

elements of products and services” Style is increasingly relevant phenomenon in

We build on existent literature on technological change to flame the dynamic of

of ferment with relevant stylistic variations and periods of convergence in a single

We identify the drivers of convergence in stylistic innovation. We test the model

with a longitudinal empirical study (1984-2002) in the fine fashion industry,

explaining the main differences between a stylistic and a technological

button) serve as fabric to create a tube and skirt.

Separating the front and back of snap button.

Hand sewed tube and skirt

appearance and durability

Significance of the study

voguish skirt and tube.

In addition, this study is undertaken to provide information that may be useful

for the following:

creative and productive

Manufacturers: It will help manufacturers especially those company that are

importance and to innovate the use of snap button as a fabric alternative.

serve as a guide in conducting similar research study.

Scope and Delimitation

The study of this research was demarcated to Bachelor of Technical Teacher

Education particularly in Garments and Fashion Design and in fashion industry.

how people set aside the fastener in creating apparel.

error or defect; precision or exactness; correctness.

Alternative- One of a number of possible choices or courses of action.

Adopted - to accept or act in accordance with (a plan, principle, etc.).

Apparel - Clothing of a particular kind.

Attribute - something attributed as belonging to a person, thing, group, etc.; a

quality, character, characteristic, or property:

Boutique - a small shop or a small specialty department within a larger store,

Closure - something that closes or shuts.

Conducting - to direct in action or course; manage; carry on:

to conduct a meeting; to conduct a test.

Conventions - general agreement or consent; accepted usage, especially as a

Convergence - The act of converging and especially moving toward union or

a single point is formed or corresponding retinal area

Demarcated - To show the limits or edges of (something)

Demographic - a specific segment of a population having shared characteristics:

Digest - to obtain information, ideas, or principles from; assimilate mentally

Dispersion - Statistics. the scattering of values of a variable around the mean or

sphere, so constructed as to exert an equal thrust in all directions.

several years ago or more

containing coloring matter.

Dynamic - a basic or dynamic force, especially one that motivates, affects

development or stability, etc.

Empirical - provable or verifiable by experience or experiment.

Evolutionary - pertaining to evolution or development; developmental

Fasten - To attach (something) join (two things or two parts of something)

especially by using a pin or a nail.

Ferment - to seethe with agitation or excitement.