1/13/2015

2. Stress distribution (Elastic

Foundation Design solution)

CE-352A

Arghya Das
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Email: arghya@iitk.ac.in
pc: Wikipedia 

Elasticity: Elasticity:
Z
Equilibrium equation: Compatibility condition:
Z  zx  x  zx
x
 0 u
x x 
 zx x z x w u
 zy  xz  
  z  xz w x z
y  xz  xz dx  0 z 
 xy 
 xy
dx
x z x z
 yz  yx x
x x  x
 xz  
 x  x dx  xz x  dx
y  xy  yx  yx dy x x Constitutive law
 yz y 
 xz  xz dx For the plane strain condition, in order to determine the
 y  yz  dy x
y  dy y stress at a given point due to a given load, the problem
y
  x  y  z
 zy

 zx  zx dz  zx  zx dz x    reduces to solving the equations of equilibrium together
 zy  dz z z E E E with the compatibility equation and the boundary
z
Z 
 Z
Z 
 Z  z  y  x
z
dz
z
dz z    conditions.
E E E
 y  z  x compatibility equation needs to
y    0
z z E E E be expressed in terms of stress

3D equilibrium 2D equilibrium: plane strain

Elasticity: Boussinesq equation for point load:

Stress function: The stresses within a semi‐infinite, homogeneous, isotropic mass, with a linear
Using Airy Stress Function approach, plane elasticity formulation with zero body stress–strain relationship, due to a point load on the surface, were determined by
forces reduces to a single governing biharmonic equation. In Cartesian coordinates Boussinesq in 1885.
it is given by
q 1. The soil mass is elastic, isotropic,
 4  4  4 Q
 2 2 2  4   4  0 homogeneous and semi‐infinite.
x 4 x z z x
2. The soil is weightless.
 2  2  2 3. The load is a point load acting on the 
x  ,  z  2 ,  xz   surface.
z 2 x xz
5
ߪ௭ 3Q  2
 
 ( x, z )    Amn x m z n , Amn  Constants to be Determined Z  
1

m 0 n 0
2 z  1   r z  
2
 2
z

For line load (q) in 2D plane strain

z
2qx 2 z 2qz 3 2qz 2 x
  Ax tan 1   x  , z  ,  xz 
  x2  z 2    x2  z 2    x2  z 2 
2 2 2
x  

1
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Boussinesq equation for point load:

3Q  1 2
Z   
2 z 2  1   r z 2 

Q
Z  IB
z2
where IB is Boussinesq stress coefficient
5

3  1 2
IB   
2  1   r z 2 
 
The value of IB is maximum (0.48) when
r/z = 0