Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Conduction:
Cooking Classifications: Direct heat transfer
Requires physical contact between
heat source & food
Cooks from outside in
Water - best liquid conductor
Aluminum & copper - best metal
conductors
Convection:
Heat transferred through air or liquid
Natural: circulation as molecules
move from warm to cool areas
Mechanical: circulation via fan or Cooking: The Transfer of
stirring
Heat Energy to Food
Dry Heat:
Browns food, creates rich flavor
Moist (wet) Heat:
Tenderizes food
Emphasizes natural food flavors
Combination Heat: Radiation:
Browns, tenderizes food Indirect heat transfer
Energy transfer via heat or light
waves
Infrared - broilers, toasters, camp-
Cooking 101:
fires Learn the Basic
Microwaves – special oven
o Only heats water molecules Principles of Cooking
o Won’t brown food
Cooking Media:
Air References:
Fat Labensky, S., Martel, P., & Hause, A. (2013).
o oil, butter, shortening, drippings Pearson Custom Library’s Culinary Arts. Amanda Tome
Water or water-containing liquid (pp.157-179). Boston, MA: Pearson.
NTD 205-02
Adkins, C. (2014). Principles of Cooking
o stock, wine, juice Lecture Notes & PowerPoint Presentation.
Steam http://nyu.spoonuniversity.com/kitchen/dry-
heat-vs-moist-heat-cooking-methods/
Dry Cooking Methods:
Broiling: (broiled crab cake)
Uses air
Overhead radiant cooking
Very high heat
Cooks quickly
Any cooking method can be
Grilling: (grilled chicken) incorporated in a healthy diet.
Uses air
Conduction
Moderation is key!
Heat source below food
Moist Cooking Methods:
Gas, electric, wood, or charcoal Poaching: (poached salmon)
Uses water/liquid
Roasting & Baking: Convection
(Roast chicken; cookies) Slight liquid movement, no bubbles Combination Methods:
Uses air For delicate, quick-cooking foods
Conduction & convection o Eggs, fish, fruit Braising:
Enclosed environment; heat surrounds Uses fat, then liquid
food, cooks outward in Simmering: (hard boiled eggs) Conduction & convection
Roasting for meats & poultry Uses water/liquid Brown meat in fat on stove-top, simmer
Baking for breads, pastries, fish, fruits, Convection in liquid in pot in oven
& vegetables Small bubbles break surface For a large, tougher piece of meat
For meats, chicken Example: pot roast
Sautéing: (Stir-fry)
Uses oil (small amount) Boiling: (mashed potatoes)
Conduction & convection Uses water/liquid
Cut food into small uniform pieces Convection
Rapidly movement with large bubbles
Use stove-top & pot
Pan-Frying: (pan-fried trout) For starches: pasta, potatoes, rice Stewing:
Uses oil (moderate amount) Uses fat, then liquid
Conduction & convection Steaming: (steamed vegetables) Conduction & convection
Food usually breaded, prevents excess Uses steam Brown meat in fat on stove-top, simmer
oil absorption Convection in liquid in pot in oven
Food should not touch liquid For small, tougher pieces of meat
Deep-Frying: (fried chicken) For delicately flavored foods with short Example: beef stew
Uses oil (large amount) cooking times
Conduction & convection o Fish, vegetables
Food usually breaded or battered,
uniform in size
High heat; uses oils w/ high smoke
point
o Soybean, peanut, canola