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Chapter 1

Introduction

As the world grows older, number of people arises. Population grows bigger

and bigger as the day move forward. Due to this situation many problems arise

together with the increase in the population. There are numerous problem to be

identify related to fast growing population such as, poor nutrition of children,

inadequate educational status, not enough space to live and build shelter for each

family, and so much more problems that will identify as poor status of living among

countries that are having a huge number of population.

Since the world is never refraining doing some solution to this problem,

family planning methods are being taught in many ways in our society. There are

some advocates whore are promoting such methods and being demonstrated

among people especially to the areas that are really affected by uncontrolled

growing population.

In the Philippines, this problem is very significant and classified as serious

issue to talk about. Due to excess population, the health of children is being

deprived and their basic needs are not being addressed. Malnutrition arises

together with the population, educational needs of children are not being

addressed by their parents, and psychological needs are no time to monitor. The

development of Filipino families is not in good shape. These are the reason why

the government imposed to have a law to control the fast growing population in our

country under the RH Bill.

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Philippine government with the agency dealing with this problem of the

Department of Health (DOH) is in full force to impose different programs to control

the fertility rate of a specific area. Filipinos are not fully aware of the problem that

will be going when there is a huge number of person in a limited space.

In Barangay La Purisima in Nabua, Camarines Sur, a place where over

population is very evident. People of this barangay is not aware of the bad effect

of having a great number of family members. Children are growing in malnutrition,

educational needs are not met for every child, mothers of each family are having

trouble in taking good care of their young ones, fathers are having trouble in

making family income and supply all of their needs, environment is in poor

condition, and social development of each member of the society in not in good

shape.

By this problem arise a proposed solution that every Filipino must have an

idea of family planning method, however, people are not equipped with the needed

knowledge about family planning method and they are not using it in the right

manner to become effective in population birth control. Thru this situation, despite

having different government programs to address this problem, population of this

barangay continues to grow and grow as the years passed by.

There must be a problem in making intervention of dealing regarding over

population of barangay La Purisima, proper information must be delivered among

members of the society and must address in serious manner regarding the said

problem. This must be a full force move of concerned persons such as barangay
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officials, head of the family, and most especially those are in young family where

there is young parents having young children.

Statement Of The Problem

Focus on the effect of family planning method to the rate of population

growth in Barangay La Purisima, Nabua, Camarines Sur. The study will seek to

answer the following; profile of Brgy. La Purisima Nabua camarines Sur; the

methods of family planning employed by the residents; the rate of the population

growth; the relationship between the rate of population growth and the family

planning methods used by the community.

Significance Of The Study

The study will provide proper information regarding the problem, address

the problem such as; providing adequate idea regarding ideal family size, effect of

big and small population, provide idea of family planning method and its

importance among families and will be important aide among the following:

Department of Health Officials. The Department of Health can relate some

studies in dealing with students in holistic approach. This may help them promoting

good social, psychological, physiological, emotional aspects of student’s

development.

School Administrators. As one of the concerned agencies of developing

regulations among school institutions, this study will help them to understand more

the problem, and may help them create related intervention to educate students.
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Curriculum Planners. The result of the study will help them formulate curriculum

that will propose the focus of the essence of the study.

Community Stakeholders. The study will mainly help the member of the

community; this will provide help to address the problem among their members.

The community leaders will formulate programs that will address the needs of their

members regarding how to deal with the problem of having overpopulated area.

Thru this study the officials of the community will formulate different regulations to

attain the goal of having healthy community.

Parents. This study will mainly help them to acquire knowledge and practice

proper way of creating good family members, this study will also provide ideas that

will create good family members as well as good parents.

Students. This research will promote knowledge and importance of having ideal

family size and early awareness regarding family planning method as their

reference for their future family.

Other Researcher. This research will provide basis and aide to future researcher

regarding the problem, information of this research will serve as reference for

future studies.
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Chapter 2

Review of Literature

This chapter contains various related literatures and studies gathered from

different sources. This will give the readers an insight into the study and what does

the study is portraying. This section serves as a good guide for a good foundation

of the study. The researchers gathered relevant electronic sources, World Wide

Web, journals, reading books, and statistical studies that in some way provided a

better understanding of the study.

Analyzing the Material

The researcher will use the theory of Novice to Expert by Patricia Benner

(Tommey & Alligood, 2004) which will serve as the framework of this study

considering that there was involvement of skills acquisition and the discussion of

how the theory created an impact on the community members of Baranggay La

Purisima, Nabua, Camarines Sur. The model is situational, as it encompasses

many aspects such as being no idea or having little idea about the situation

(NOVICE); having acquired cognitive learning a person can deal into a certain

situation (ADVANCED BEGINNER); having a full understanding and effective plan

that can create harmonious situation, was able to understand the total picture and

develops intuitive aspects of intervention (PROFICIENT) ; and finally the

(EXPERT) earning the “know how” status the person can be able to vacillate in
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any level depending on the circumstances in which he/she was called upon the

situation.

The researcher will use the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex,

occupation, monthly income of the family, and the type of dwelling; the level of idea

of the community regarding Over Population and Family Planning Methods in La

Purisima, Nabua, Camarines Sur; and lastly the Problem Encountered by The

Residents of Barangay La Purisima, Nabua, Camarines Sur on over population

and family planning method.

Population Stabilization: Philippine Case

According to Ogena the world leaders’ statement on population stabilization

signed in 1994 by heads of seventy-five (75) countries including Philippines,

acknowledge that the degradation of the world’s environment, income inequality,

and the potential for conflict exist because of the rapid population growth, among

other factors. With early population stabilization of interest to all nations, each

agreed to adopt the necessary policies and programs consistent with their culture

and aspiration supported by voluntary measures that respect individual human

rights and beliefs.

Population Trends and Dynamics

The size of the Philippine population surged more than tenfold during the

past 100 years, from less than 8 million in 1903, the level of the population is tripled

by 1960. From 1960 onwards, the Philippine population again more than tripled by
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2007 (88.6 million) over a span of 47 years. The world bank place the Philippines

as the 12th most populous country despite its small land area. In the South Asian

region, the Philippine is the second most populous country next to Indonesia

(UNESCAP 2009)

Increasing the Use of Contraception

According to National Statistical Office (NSO) the use of family planning

methods increased remarkably over the past four decades (NSO and ICF Macro

2009). The contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) among currently married woman

steadily increased from 17 percent in 1973, 40 percent in 1993 then gradually

improved to 51 percent in 2008. Despite the women’s expressed desire to space

or limit childbearing, the use of modern methods rose by only 9 percentage points

in the last 15 years. About two of every three current users of family planning users

used modern methods. About 17 percent of current family planning users used

traditional methods, including periodic abstinence (rhythm) and withdrawal.

Interestingly, according to Flavier, the prevalence of unplanned

pregnancies remains high despite the recorded increase in the level of

contraceptive used during the past 30 years. The 2008 data revealed that one in

three births is either unwanted or mistimed and wanted later. The age at initial

exposure to the risk of the child bearing remains closely linked with age at marriage

in the Philippines. Most recent data from 2008 shows that among women age 25-

49, the median age at first sexual intercourse is 21.5 years, slightly lowered than

the median age at first marriage of 22.2 years, suggesting premarital exposure to
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the risk of childbearing. Furthermore, according to NSO data revealed that recent

sexual exposure is associated more with women in household belonging to the

poorest wealth quintile, with those living in rural areas who have completed at most

elementary education than their respective counterparts. This may explain why

does the population is rapidly increasing in far-flung areas where the education

and awareness is very evidently poor.

Alternatively, according to Ogena, using the SINGULATE MEAN AGE AT

MARRIAGE (SMAM) as an indicator of average duration of stay “single” or

unmarried status, it appears that marriage is occurring later than in the past, with

women’s SMAM rising slightly than that for males. In addition, Flavier said that the

gender differential appears to narrow overtime. Nevertheless, increasing age at

marriage does not translate to postponement of either initiation to sexual

intercourse or to deferment of fertility. Filipino women in rural areas are marrying

earlier than their urban counterparts.

Low Level of Knowledge of Fertile Period

Unfortunately, according to NSO recent data shows that nearly two of five

women incorrectly identified the fertile period to be right after a woman’s menstrual

period. In contrast, only about one in three women correctly placed the fertile

period in woman’s menstrual cycle. As falling halfway between two menstrual

periods.
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Increasing the Unmet Need for Family Planning

The total demand for family planning services can be categorized into two,

according to the Department of Health (DOH). Women who currently use family

planning methods are considered in the first category of satisfied demand for family

planning, the second category often referred to as the unmet need for family

planning is measured as the percentage of current married woman who either do

not want any more children or want to wait before having their next birth, but who

are not using any method of family planning.

Reproductive Health Bill or House Bill No. 4110

According to the house of representative, the state recognizes and

guarantees the human rights of all persons that include, the right to equality and

equity, the right to development, the right to reproductive health, the right to

education and the right to choose and make decisions for themselves. The state

shall ensure the universal access to reproductive health, services, information and

education. The advancement and protection of women's human rights shall be

central to the State's efforts to address reproductive health care. It shall promote

gender equality, equity and women's empowerment as a health and human rights

concern.

The empowerment and autonomy of women and the improvement of their

political, social, economic, and health status is imperative. The state shall

positively address and seek to eradicate discriminatory practices and laws and
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policies, including but not limited to, gender inequality and inequity, and violence

against women which infringe on a person's exercise of sexual and reproductive

rights. Reproductive rights - are the rights of individuals and couples to: 1) Decide

freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have

the information and means to do so; 2) Make decisions about reproductive health

free of discrimination, coercion and violence. Reproductive health - is the state of

complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of

disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its

functions and processes. This implies that people are able to have a satisfying and

safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to

decide if, when and how often to do so. Implicit in this last condition are the right

of men and women to be informed and to have access to safe, effective, affordable

and acceptable methods of family planning of their choice, as well as other

methods of their choice for regulation of fertility and the right of access to

appropriate health-care services that will enable women to go safely through

pregnancy and childbirth and provide individuals and couples with the best chance

of having a healthy infant. Reproductive Health Care is the constellation of

methods, techniques and services that contribute to reproductive health and well-

being by preventing & solving reproductive health-related problems.

The services include Family Planning (FP), Maternal & Child. Responsible

parenthood - the will and the ability to respond to the needs and aspirations of the

family and children. Family planning - a process by which couples, guided by the

demands of responsible parenthood, and/or by their personal, religious, social or

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cultural beliefs, decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of

their children based on their physical, mental and emotional capacities as well as

their present or potential resources.

According to Sec 5 of RH Bill, Education and Information a. Sexual and

Reproductive Health and Rights Education in Schools. The Department of

Education (DEPED), the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and the

Technical Education and Skill Development Authority (TESDA), using information

provided by the Department of Health, hall require the integration instruction on

sexual and reproductive health and rights in the curriculum in public and private

schools at intermediate grades, secondary and tertiary levels, including non-formal

and indigenous learning systems. b. Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights

Education in the Workplace. The Civil Service Commission (CSC) and the

Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) shall ensure that all government

and private institutions shall conduct education and informational campaigns for

their employees, workers, managers, and supervisors on sexual and reproductive

health and rights. c. Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Education in the

Communities. Local governments units, in collaboration with the Department of

Health and the Department of Interior and Local Governance, shall conduct

educational and information campaigns in their respective local government units.

The provincial governor, city and municipal mayors and the barangay captain shall

coordinate such campaign among concerned government agencies, and non-

government organizations.
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Chapter 3

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the discussion of the methods and procedures used

in the study. This chapter also discussed the methodology, the data gathering

tools, and the distribution of questionnaire to the respondents and statistical

treatment of data.

Research Methods

The researcher used the descriptive method to analyze and interpret the

answers to the problem of this study. This method was used to describe objectively

the “over population and family planning methods in Barangay La Purisima,

Nabua, Camarines Sur” whose primary data gathering tool was use of

questionnaire checklist which was personally administered by the researchers.

The statistical tools used in this study to analyze the data were the Percentage

Technique, Weighted Mean, and Spearman Rank Coefficient.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were the household-heads of La Purisima,

Nabua, Camarines Sur. Respondents chosen among the randomly selected

house-hold constituents on the seven zones of Barangay La Purisima, Nabua,

Camarines Sur. The barangay has a total number of 1696, ten percent of which

was chosen using the Gay’s Formula. 20 respondents were chosen in zone 1,
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another 20 respondents in zone 2, 24 from zone 3, 34 from zone 4, 32 from zone

5, 25 from zone 6 and only 15 respondents from zone 7. Thus, the total numbers

of the respondents from the 7 zones were 170.

Administration of Research Instrument

The researcher used questionnaire as the main source of data gathering

tool supplemented by unstructured interview, observation, and documentary

analysis which will strengthen the research study.

Questionnaire

Questionnaire is a set of questions for obtaining statistically useful or

personal information from individuals, it is often had a space for the answers of the

respondents. (Merriam-Webster)

The researcher made use of questionnaire is gathering data. Some of which

were derived from related literature and studies. The questionnaire was designed

to gather information about the present condition especially on the level of

knowledge of the community regarding over population and family planning

methods.

Preparation of questionnaire. Aided by the literatures and studies

reviewed, questionnaires were prepared containing the following parts: Part 1 –

brief profile of the respondents which includes the Age, Sex, Occupation,

Educational Attainment, Monthly Income and Type of Dwelling; Part II – the level

of knowledge of the respondents regarding over population and family planning

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methods; Part III – the problems encountered by the residents of Barangay la

Purisima, Nabua, Camarines Sur on over population and family planning methods.

Validation of questionnaire. The first draft of the questionnaire was

presented to the thesis adviser. After incorporating the suggestions of the adviser,

a dry-run was conducted to randomly selected residents of zone 2 Barangay La

Prusima, Nabua, Camarines Sur. If no revision be made, the questionnaires were

reproduced and distributed to the target respondents of the study.

Administration and retrieval of questionnaires. After the validation of the

questionnaires, the researchers asked permission to the Barangay Captain of La

Purisima, Nabua, Camarines Surto conduct the study. After the approval, the

researchers personally distributed the questionnaires and at the same time

conducted an unstructured interview and observation, and after which, retrieved

the questionnaires.

Documentary Analysis

The researchers made a documentary analysis to find out whether the

respondents were bone fide residents of Baranggay La Purisima, Nabua,

Camarines Sur.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The statistical tools used to analyzed the data were the percentage

technique, weighted mean, and spearman rank coefficient.

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Percentage technique was used to determine the profile of the

respondents.

The formula is as follows:

𝑓
𝑃= 𝑥 100
𝑁

Where: P = Percentage

f = frequency

N = total number of respondents

Weighted Mean was used to determine the knowledge of the respondents

regarding over population and family planning of Barangay La Purisima, Nabua,

Camarines Sur and factors that affect their idea regarding the issue.

The formula is as follows:

∑𝑊𝐹
𝑊𝑀 =
𝑁

Where: WM = Weighted Mean

∑ = Summation

W = Weight

F = Frequency

N = Number of Respondents
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The Likert Scale was used to interpret the result of the weighted mean:

Rating Scale Interval Scale Verbal Interpretation

3 2.1 – 3.0 Highly Aware

2 1.2 – 2.0 Moderately Aware

1 1 and below Not Aware

Rating Scale Interval Scale Verbal Interpretation

5 4.50 – 5.00 Always

4 3.50 – 4.49 Most of the Time

3 2.50 – 3.49 Sometimes

2 1.50 – 2.49 Seldom

1 1.49 and below Never

Spearman Rank Coefficient was used to determine the relationship

between the level of knowledge with the two groups or variables.

The formula is:

∑𝐷²
𝑟=6
𝑁 (𝑁² − 1)

Where: r = Spearman Rank Coefficient

∑D² = Summation of Square Difference

N = Number of Rows
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