Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
EC : ELECTRONICS
& COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Set - 3
N o. of Qu est i on s : 65 M a xi m u m M a r k s : 100
I N ST RU CT I ON S
1. Tot al of 65 quest ions car r ying 100 mar ks, out of which 10 quest ions car r ying a t ot al of 15 mar ks ar e in
Gener al Apt it ude (GA)
2. The Engineer ing M at hemat ics will car r y ar ound 15% of t h e t ot al m ar k s, t he Gener al Apt it ude sect ion
will car r y 15% of t h e t ot al m ar k s and t he r em ai n i n g 70% of t h e t ot al m ar k s.
3. Ty p es of Qu est i on s
(a ) M u l t i p l e Ch oi ce Qu est i on s (M CQ) car r ying 1 or 2 mar ks each in all paper s and sect ions. These
questions ar e object ive in nat ur e, and each will have a choice of four options, out of which the candidate
has t o mar k t he cor r ect answer (s).
(b) N u m er i cal An sw er Qu est i on s of 1 or 2 mar ks each in all paper s and sect ions. For t hese quest ions
t he answer is a r eal number, t o be ent er ed by t he candidat e using t he vir t ual keypad. No choices will
be shown for t hese t ype of quest ions.
4. For 1-m ar k mult iple-choice quest ions, 1/3 m ar k s will be deduct ed for a wr ong answer. L ikewise, for
2-m ar k s mult iple-choice quest ions, 2/3 mar ks will be deduct ed for a wr ong answer. Ther e is no negat ive
mar king for numer ical answer t ype quest ions.
7. The over whel mi ng number of peopl e i nfect ed 3. The pr obabilit y of get ting a "head" in a single toss
with r abies in I ndia has been flagged by the Wor ld of a bi ased coi n i s 0.3. T h e coi n i s t ossed
H ealt h Or ganizat ion as a sour ce of concer n. I t is r epeat edly t ill a "head" is obt ained. I f t he t osses
est imat ed t hat inoculat ing 70% of pet s and st r ay ar e independent , t hen t he pr obabilit y of get t ing
dogs agai nst r abi es can l ead t o a si gni fi cant "head" for the fir st time in t he fift h toss is _______
r educt ion in t he number of people infect ed wit h
1
r abies. dx
4. The int egr al is equal t o_______
Which of t he following can be logically infer r ed 0 (1 x)
fr om t he above sent ences ?
5. Consider t he fir st or der init ial value pr oblem
(a) The number of people in I ndia infect ed wit h
y = y + 2x – x2, y(0) = 1, (0 x < )
r abies is high
wit h exact solut ion y(x) = x2 + ex. For x = 0.1, t he
(b) The number of people in ot her par t s of t he
per cent age differ ence bet ween t he exact solut ion
wor ld who ar e infect ed wit h r abies is low
and t he solution obtained using a single it er at ion
(c) Rabi es can be er adi cat ed i n I n di a by of t he second-or der Runge-K ut t a met hod wi t h
vaccinat ing 70% of st r ay dogs st ep-size h = 0.1 is _______.
(d) St r ay dogs ar e t he mai n sour ce of r abi es 6. Consi der t he si gnal x(t) = cos(6t) + si n(8t),
wor ldwide wher e t is in seconds. The Nyquist sampling r at e
8. A flat is shar ed by four fir st year under gr aduat e (in samples/second) for t he signal y(t) = x(2t + 5)
st udent s. They agr eed t o allow t he oldest of them is
t o enjoy some ext r a space in t he flat . M anu is (a) 8 (b) 12
t wo mont hs ol der t han Sr avan, who i s t hr ee
(c) 16 (d) 32
mont hs younger t han Tr i deep. Pavan i s one
mont h older than Sr avan. Who should occupy t he sin(t ) sin(t )
ext r a space in t he flat ? 7. I f t he signal x(t) = * wit h * denot ing
t t
(a) M anu (b) Sr avan t he convolut ion oper at ion, t hen x(t) is equal t o
(c) Tr ideep (d) Pavan
sin(t ) sin(2t )
9. Find t he ar ea bounded by t he lines 3x + 2y = 14, (a) (b)
t 2t
2x – 3y = 5 in t he fir st quadr ant
2
(a) 14.95 (b) 15.25 2sin(t ) sin(t )
(c) (d)
(c) 15.70 (d) 20.35 t t
10. A st r aight line is fit t o a dat a set (ln x, y). This 8. A discr et e-t ime signal x[n] = [n – 3] + 2 [n – 5]
line int er cept s t he abscissa at ln x = 0.1 and has has z-t r ansf or m X(z). I f Y(z) = X(– z) i s t h e
a slope of – 0.02. What is t he value of y at x = 5 z-t r ansfor m of anot her signal y[n], t hen
fr om t he fit ? (a) y[n] = x[n] (b) y[n] = x[– n]
(a) – 0.030 (b) – 0.014 (c) y[n] = – x[n] (d) y[n] = – x[– n]
(c) 0.014 (d) 0.030 9. I n t he RL C cir cuit shown in t he figur e, t he input
volt age is given by
T ECH N I CAL SECT I ON vi (t) = 2 cos(200t) + 4 sin(500t).
(Q.1 – 25) : Car r y On e M ar k Each The out put volt age vo(t) is
1. Consider a 2 2 squar e mat r ix
x
A= ,
wher e x is unknown. I f t he eigenvalues of t he
mat r ix A ar e ( + j) and ( – j), t hen x is equal
to
(a) + j (b) – j (a) cos(200t) + 2 sin(500t)
(c) + (d) – (b) 2cos(200t) + 4 sin(500t)
sin( z) (c) sin(200t) + 2 cos(500t)
2. For f(z) = , t he r esidue of t he pole at z = 0
z2 (d) 2sin(200t) + 4 cos(500t)
is _______.
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-3) 3
19. The block diagr am of a feedback cont r ol syst em 23. A binar y baseband digital communicat ion syst em
is shown in t he figur e. The over all closed-loop employs t he signal
gain G of t he syst em is
1
, 0 t TS
p(t) = TS
0, ot her wise
f or t r an sm i ssi on of bi t s. T h e gr aph i cal
r epr esent at ion of t he mat ched filt er out put y(t )
for t his signal will be
G1 G 2
(a) G 1 G H
1 1
(a)
G1 G 2
(b) G 1 G G G H
1 2 1 1
G1 G 2
(c) G 1 G G H
1 2 1
(b)
G1G 2
(d) G 1 G G G G H
1 2 1 2 1
(d)
(Q.26 – 55) : Car r y Tw o M ar k s Each 31. T h e ROC (r egi on of con v er gen ce) of t h e
26. T he par t i cu l ar sol u t i on of t h e i n i t i al val u e z-t r an sf or m of a di scr et e-t i m e si gn al i s
pr oblem given below is r epr esent ed by t he shaded r egion in t he z-plane.
I f t he signal x| n| = ( 2.0)| n| , – < n < + , t hen
d2 y dy t he ROC of it s z-t r ansfor m is r epr esent ed by
2
12 36 y = 0 wit h y(0) = 3
dx dx
dy
and dx 36
x 0
2
30. A signal 2cos t cos(t ) is t he input t o an 32. Assume t hat t he cir cuit in t he figur e has r eached
3 t he st eady st at e befor e t ime t = 0 when t he 3
LTI syst em wit h t he t r ansfer funct ion r esist or suddenly bur ns out , r esult ing in an open
H (s) = es + e– s. ci r cui t . The cur r ent i (t) (i n amper e) at t = 0+
I f Ck denot es t he k th coefficient in t he exponent ial is________.
Four i er ser i es of t he out put signal , t hen C3 i s
equal t o
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
6 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-3)
33. I n t he figur e shown, t he cur r ent i (in amper e) 37. The inject ed excess electr on concentr ation pr ofile
is________. in t he base r egion of an npn BJT, biased in the
act ive r egion, is linear, as shown in the figur e. I f
the ar ea of the emitter-base junct ion is 0.001 cm 2,
n = 800 cm 2/(V-s) in the base r egion and depletion
l ayer widt hs ar e negl igi bl e, t hen t he col lect or
cur r ent I c (in mA) at room temper ature is _______.
(Gi ven: t her mal vol t age V T = 26 mV at r oom
t emper at ur e, elect r onic char ge q = 1.6 10– 19 C)
z11 z12
34. The z-par amet er mat r ix z z22 for t he t wo-
21
por t net wor k shown is
(a) D1 only
(b) D2 only
The filt er can be used t o appr oximat e a
(c) bot h D1 and D2
(a) low-pass filt er (b) high-pass filt er
(d) none of D1 and D2
(c) band-pass filt er (d) band-st op filt er
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-3) 7
40. For the cir cuit shown in the figur e, R1 = R2 = R3 = 1 43. Following is the K-map of a Boolean function of
, L = 1 H an d C = 1 F. I f t h e i n pu t five var iables P, Q, R, S and X. The minimum sum-
Vin = cos(106t), then the overall voltage gain (Vout /V in) of-pr oduct (SOP) expr ession for the function is
of t he cir cuit is _______.
41. I n t he cir cuit shown in t he figur e, t he channel (a) PQSX PQSX QRSX QRSX
lengt h modulat ion of all t r ansist or s is non-zer o (b) QSX QSX
( 0). Also, all t r ansist or s oper at e in sat ur at ion
(c) QSX + QSX
and have negl i gibl e body effect . The ac smal l
signal volt age gain (V O/V in) of t he cir cuit is (d) QS + QS
44. For t he cir cuit shown in t he figur e, t he delays of
NOR gat es, mult iplexer s and inver t er s ar e 2 ns,
1.5 ns and 1 ns, r espect ively. I f all t he input s P,
Q, R, S and T ar e applied at the same time instant,
t he maximum pr opagat ion delay (in ns) of t he
cir cuit is _______.
1
(c) gm1 (ro1 ( ( g ro2 ) ro3 )
m3 45. For t he cir cuit shown in t he figur e, t he delay of
1 t he bubbled NAND gat e is 2 ns and t hat of t he
(d) gm1 (ro1 ( g ro3 ) ro2 ) count er is assumed t o be zer o.
m3
46. The fi r st t wo r ows i n t he Rout h t abl e for t he 50. A voice-gr ade AWGN (addit ive whit e Gaussian
char act er ist ic equat ion of a cer t ain closed-loop noi se) t el ephone channel has a bandwi dt h of
cont r ol syst em ar e given as 4.0 k H z and t wo-si ded noi se power spect r al
densit y = 2.5 10– 5 Watt per Hz. I f infor mation
2
at t he r at e of 52 kbps is t o be t r ansmit t ed over
t his channel wit h ar bit r ar ily small bit er r or r at e,
t hen t he mi ni mum bi t -ener gy E b (i n mJ/bi t )
The r ange of K for which t he syst em is st able is necessar y is _______.
(a) – 2.0 < K < 0.5 51. The bit er r or pr obabilit y of a memor yless binar y
(b) 0 < K < 0.5 symmet r ic channel is 10– 5. I f 105 bits ar e sent over
t his channel, t hen t he pr obabilit y t hat not mor e
(c) 0 < K <
t han one bit will be in er r or is _______.
(d) 0.5 < K <
52. Consider an air-filled rectangular waveguide with
47. A second-or der linear t ime-invar iant syst em is
di mensi ons a = 2.286 cm and b = 1.016 cm.
descr ibed by t he following st at e equat ions
At 10 GH z oper at ing fr equency, t he value of t he
d pr opagat i on con st an t (per m et er ) of t h e
x1 (t ) 2 x1 (t ) 3u (t )
dt cor r esponding pr opagat ing mode is _______
d 53. Consider an air-filled rectangular waveguide with
x2 (t ) x2 (t ) u (t )
dt dimensions a = 2.286 cm and b = 1.016 cm. The
wher e x1(t) and x2(t) ar e t he t wo st at e var iables i ncr easing or der of t he cut -off fr equenci es for
an d u (t ) den ot es t h e i n pu t . I f t h e ou t pu t differ ent modes is
c(t) = x1(t), t hen t he syst em is (a) TE 01 < TE 10 < TE 11 < TE 20
(a) cont r ollable but not obser vable (b) TE 20 < TE 11 < TE 10 < TE 01
(b) obser vable but not cont r ollable (c) TE 10 < TE 20 < TE 01 < TE 11
(c) bot h cont r ollable and obser vable (d) TE 10 < TE 11 < TE 20 < TE 01
(d) neit her cont r ollable nor obser vable 54. A r adar oper at i ng at 5 GH z uses a common
48. The for war d-pat h t r ansfer funct i on and t he ant enna for t r ansmi ssi on and r ecept i on. The
feedback-pat h t r ansfer funct ion of a single loop ant enna has a gai n of 150 and i s al i gned for
negat ive feedback cont r ol syst em ar e given as maximum dir ect ional r adiat ion and r ecept ion t o
a t ar get 1 km away having r adar cr oss-sect ion of
K ( s 2)
G(s) = and H (s) = 1, 3 m 2. I f it t r ansmit s 100 kW, t hen t he r eceived
s2 2 s 2 power (in W) is _______.
r espect ively. I f t he var iable par amet er K is r eal
55. Consider t he char ge pr ofile shown in t he figur e.
posit ive, t hen the location of the br eakaway point
The r esul t ant pot ent i al di st r i but i on i s best
on the r oot locus diagr am of the system is _______.
descr ibed by
49. A wi de sense st at i onar y r andom pr ocess X(t)
passes t hr ough t he LTI syst em shown i n t he
figur e. I f t he aut ocor r elat ion funct ion of X(t) is
RX(), t hen t he aut ocor r elat ion funct ion RY() of
t he out put Y(t) is equal t o
(a) (b)
AN SWERS
GEN ERAL APT I T U D E
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (a)
T ECH N I CAL SECT I ON
1. (d) 2. (1) 3. (0.07203) 4. (2) 5. (0.06) 6. (c)
7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (a) 12. (21)
13. (0) 14. (0.5) 15. (5.65) 16. (d) 17. (d) 18. (a)
19. (b) 20. (a) 21. (3485) 22. (362.255) 23. (c) 24. (b)
25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (10) 29. (b) 30. (b)
31. (d) 32. (– 1) 33. (– 1) 34. (a) 35. (8) 36. (c)
37. (6.656) 38. (1.6) 39. (a) 40. (– 1) 41. (c) 42. (57.8745)
43. (b) 44. (7) 45. (d) 46. (d) 47. (a) 48. (– 3.41)
49. (b) 50. (31.503) 51. (0.735) 52. (158.07) 53. (c) 54. (0.0122)
55. (c)
EXPL AN AT I ON S
GEN ERAL APT I T U D E 5t h sec st r aight line
2. The meaning of under lined wor d gr asping means =0
clut ching (or holding somet hing t ight ly). 6 sec t r iangle
th
(+ or –)
M Q
(+)
1 1
Son = 11
3. Daughter
Husband
(+) Male 2 2
Grand (–) Female
R
Dau
ght Child (+ or –)
7 sec t r iangle
th
er-i
n-la
w E
P
1 1
Mother = 11
So, fr om t he above r elat ion diagr am it is clear 2 2
t hat P is t he gr andchild of M . Tot al Odomet er r eading at 7 seconds
120 1 1 1 1
5. H er e t he speed of fir st t r ain (S1) = 12 m/s = 1 1 1 0 m
10 2 2 2 2
150 =5m
and the speed of second tr ain (S2) = 10 m/s
15 So, t he odomet er r eading is incr eased by 5 m.
The magnit ude of differ ence in t he speeds of 8. M anu age = sr avan age + 2 mont hs
t wo t r ains = (S1 – S2) = (12 – 10) m/s = 2 m/s M anu age = Tr ideep age – 3 mont hs
6. Fr om t he given figur e. Pavan age = Sr avan’s age + 1 mont h
The odomet er r eadi ng incr eases fr om st ar t i ng Fr om t he above st at ement
point t o end point .
Tr ideep age > M an > Pavan > Sr avan
Odomet er r eading = Ar ea of t he given diagr am
H ence, Tr ideep can occupy t he ext r a space in t he
Ar ea of t he velocit y and t ime gr aph per second flat .
1st sec t r iangle 9.
1 1
= 11
2 2
2nd sec squar e
=11=1
3 sec squar e + t r iangle
rd
1 1
= 11
11 = 1
2 2
4 sec t r iangle
th
1
= 1 2 1
2
10 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-3)
6. Given signal
So, V0 (t ) = 2 cos 200 t
x(t) = cos (6t) + sin (8t)
Now consider only 4 sin 500t, then cir cuit becomes
Wher e t is in seconds
and y(t) = x(2t + 5)
y(t) = cos (12 t + 30) + sin (16 t + 40)
fm = 6
1
fm = 8
2
fm = 8 H z
(f S)min = 2f m
= 16 H z
Thus t he Nyquist sampling r at e is 16 H z. So, again V0n (t ) = 4 sin 500 t
7. H er e t h e con v ol u t i on of t wo si n c pu l ses i s Finally (accor ding t o super posit ion t heor em)
sinc pulse. V 0(t) = V0 (t ) V0n (t )
V 0(t) = 2cos (200t) + 4 sin (500 t)
10. Fr om t he given fig :
sin t
So, x1(t) =
t
Now x(t) = x1(t) * x1(t)
X() = X 1() · X 1()
= X 1()
Vr > V r > V r
sin t 3 2 1
x(t) = x1(t) = Vr E g
t
Wher e V r is cut -in volt age
sin t
So, t he value of x(t) is So, E gZ > E gY > E gX
t
8. H er e (a)nx(n) X(z/a) Pmax Pmax
12. Fill fact or =
a =– 1 PT I SC VOC
(– 1)n x(n) X(– z)
wher e Pmax = M aximum power
but x(n) = [n – 3] + 2[n – 5] PT = Theor et ical power
y(n) = (– 1)n x (n) = I SC · V OC
= (– 1)n [(n – 3) + 2[n – 5]
Pmax
y(n) = – (n – 3) – 2 (n – 5) 0.7 =
180 10 3 0.5
= – x(n)
H ence, t he value of signal y(n) is – x(n). Pmax = 63 10– 3 W
Now M aximum efficiency
9. The input volt age is given by
V i (t) = 2cos 200t + 4 sin 500t Pmax
(max) =
Let us apply Super position theor em only consider Pin
2cos 200t, t hen cir cuit becomes
63 10 3 W
= 100 %
100 10 3 W 3cm 2
cm 2
= 21%
Thus t he maximum efficiency (in %) of t he device
is 21%.
12 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-3)
VB 2 1 1 0 0
IB = 1 1 1
2 10k
1.1 1 0.1 18. The minimum no. of NAND gat es r equir ed for
= 2-input EX-OR gat e = 4
10 k 10 k
19. Fr om t he given block diagr am, we have
0.1
I C2 = I 2 50
10k Y(s) G1G 2
= G(s) =
V C2 = I C2 (1K ) X(s) 1 G1H 1 G 2G 2
50(0.1) 2
= (1k) 20. Given G(s) = and H (s) 1
10 k s(s 1)
= 0.5 V Type-1 System, to the unit step input the ess = 0
H ence, t he value of t he dc volt age V C2 is 0.5V. So, t he st eady st at e er r or ess due t o a unit st ep
input is 0.
15.
21.
fIf
= 15 M H z
fLo
= 3500 M H z
fs – fLo
= fIf
Fr om t he above figur e fs
= fLo + fIf
T 1 = 0.693 (RA + RB ) C = 3515 M H z
= 0.693 (2.2k + 4.7k) 0.022 f si = image fr equency
= 0.693 6.9 103 0.022 10– 6 = fs – 2 fIf
= 0.1052 m sec = 3515 – 2 15
T 2 = 0.693 RB C = 3485 M H z
= 0.693 (4.7 k) 0.022 So, t he image fr equency is 3485 M H z.
= 0.693 4.7 103 0.022 10– 6 22. Her e the samples ar e quantized into four message
symbols that occur independently with probabilities
= 0.0716562 m sec
ar e given by
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-3) 13
29. (i ) When t he point z0 = 2 inside t he cont our c. 32. Cir cuit at t = 0– , t he di r ect i on of cur r ent and
cor r ect component was not given.
1 ez 1
2j c ( z 2) dz = 2j 2jf (2)
e2 = 7.39
(i i ) When t he point z0 = 2 out side t he cont our c.
1 ez
2j c ( z 2) dz = 0 ( z = 2 lies out side c)
Not t = 0+
30. The t r ansfer funct ion
H (ej) = ej + e– j = 2cos
2
H er e x(t) = 2cos t
3
4
2 So, 1A
i (0+) =
0 = 4
3 The magni t ude of he cur r ent i s 1 amper e
2 1 (negat ive).
H (j0) = 2cos 2 1
3 2 33.
2
y(t) = 2cos t 180
3
x(t) = cos t
0 =
H (j0) = 2 cos () = – 2
y(t) = 2 cos(t + 180)
Fr om above fig.
2 Nodal Analysis
y(t) = 2cos t – 2 cos(t + )
3
(V 8) V (V 8) V
0
2 1 1 1 1
1 = 2 =
3 4V = 16
T1 = 3 T2 = 2 V = 4 Volt s
T0 = 6 Now fr om K CL
2 i – 4+4+1 =0
0 = T 3
0 i = – 1A
y(t) = 2cos(20t + ) – 2cos(30t + ) H ence t he cur r ent (i ) i n t he gi ven ci r cui t i s
y(t) = ej (20 t ) e j (20 t ) – 1 Amp.
34. Given net wor k is in lat t ice for m
ej (30 t ) e j (30 t )
Wher e Za = 3
y(t) = ej (20 t ) e j (20 t )
Zb = 0
ej (30 t ) e j (30 t ) Zc = 0
C3 = 1 Zd = 6
Thus t he value of C3 is 1. But it is not symmet r ical & balanced
n
1
31. x(y) = (2) n u (n) u (n 1)
2
ROC = ( z 2) ( z ½)
So, t he ROC of z-t ansfor m is null.
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-3) 15
4 20
1 10 9 3 109 12
= 8.8521 10
4
10
9
1 10
3 10 9
= 2.5 10 0 9
K VL r 0
C= t
– V 1 – 2I 2 = 0 eq
V 1 = – 2I 2 r 0 4 0
t eq =
Z12 = – 2 2.5 10 0 2.5 109 0
9
1
f p = 2R C
i mi
1
f p = 2 5K 0.55 mF
1
=
2 5 10 0.55 10 9
3
The diode have least sat ur at ion will br eak down = 57.8745 kH z
fir st and it will r eplaced by its br eak down volt age So, t he smal l si gnal i nput pol e fr equency i s
and t he net cur r ent equal upt o ot her di ode 57.8745 kH z.
r ever se sat ur at ion cur r ent .
43. The minimum sum-of-pr oduct (SOP) expr ession
for t he funct ion
40.
= Q.S.X Q.S.X
44. The maximum pr opagat ion delay of t he cir cuit
= t pd, NOR + t pd, mux + t pd, NOR + t pd,mux
= (2 + 1.5 + 2 + 1.5) ns
Fr om above fig.
= 7 ns
Vx 1 106 s 106 45. At 6t h Clock pulse
1 6 1
Vi n 10 s s s Q2Q1Q0 = 110
I t makes NAND gat e out put ‘0’ at 8 ns due t o it s
V delay. At that t ime counter r eceives 7th, 8th Clock
V 0 = 1 Vx 0
s
pulse and count s 111, 000. H ence, it is mod– 8
6
1 10 V x s 106
count er.
s
3
V0 V0 V x s s 106 46. s 1 2k 3
= . 1
Vin
V x Vin s 106 s s2 2k 4
2 k (2 k 3) 4
V s1 0 for st abilit y
over all volt age gain 0 = – 1 2k
Vin s0 4
41. The ac small signal volt age gain
4k 2 + 6k – 4 > 0
V0 1 4k 2 + 8k – 2k – 4 > 0
= gm1 r01 r02 r03
Vin gm 2 4k(k + 2) – 2(k + 2) > 0
(4k – 2) (k + 2) > 0
(4k – 2) > 0, k + 2 > 0
k > – 2, k > 0.5
0.5 < k <
So t he r ange of k for which t he syst em is st able is
0.5 < k <
d
47. Given x1 (t ) 2 x1 (t ) 3u (t )
dt
42. CM 1 = 50PF [1 – A V ]
AV = – gm RD x1 = – 2x1 + 3U
= – 0.01 1
d
AV = – 10 and x2 (t ) x2 (t ) u (t )
dt
CM i = 50PF [1 + 10]
= 0.55 10– 9 F x2 = – x2 + U
= 0.55 nF c = x1
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-3) 17
x1 2 0 x1 3 S
= U C = B log 2 1
x2 0 1 x2 1 N
S = 1638.2
x1
[c] = 1 0 x Eb =
S
J / sec
= 31.503
2 R b bit s / sec
H ence by applying Gilber t ’s t est , t he syst em is
cont r ollable but not obser vable. C
= log2 (1 + S/N)
48. Given t r ansfer funct ion B
k(s 2) C
G(s) = , H (s) = 1 log2(1 + S/N) =
2
(s 2s 2) B
(1 + S/N) = 2C/B = 252/4 = 213 = 8192
dk
At br eak away point =0 S/N = 8191
ds
S = 8191 N
d s 2
=0 S = 8191 4 103 2.5 10– 5 2
ds s2 2s 2
= 819.1 2
2 d d 2
(s 2s 2) ds (s 2) (s 2) ds (s 2 s 2) Eb =
819.1 2
= 31.503
Rb
(s2 2s 2)2
So t he minimum bit ener gy (E b) is 31.503 mJ/bit .
51. P = 10– 5 N = 105
Given quest ion can be solved by t wo met hods.
M et h od 1 :
1(s2 2s 2) (s 2)(2s 2) Binomial : nCx px qn– x
=0 P[x = 0] + P[x = 1] = 105 5
(s2 2 s 2)2 C0 (10 5 )0 (1 10 5 )10
– s2 – 4s – 2 = 0 105 5
C1 (10 5 )1 (1 10 5 )10 1
– 0.58, – 3.41
Valid BAP is – 3.41 = (1) (1) 0.367 + 0.367 = 0.735
49. Y(t) = X(t) – X(t – T o) M et h od 1 :
Aut ocor r elat ion funct ion for o/p e x
Poisson =
= Ry () = E[y(t) Y(t + )] x!
Ry () = E [(X(t) – X (t – T o)] [X (t + ) = np = 10– 5 105 = 1
– X (t + – T o)] (since n = 105, p = 10– 5)
Ry () = E [(X(t) X (t + ) – X(t) X (t + – T o) e1 (1)1
= e1
– X (t – T o) X(t + ) + X (t – T o) X (t + – T o)] 1!
Ry () = [Rx () – Rx ( – T o) – Rx ( + T o) + Rx ()] 2 e– 1 = 0.735
Ry () = 2 Rx () – Rx ( – T o) – Rx ( + T o) So, t he pr obabilit y t hat not mor e t han one bit
will be in er r or is 0.735.
52. Given
Air filled r ect angular waveguide
So, t he aut ocor r ect i on funct i on of Ry () of t he a = 2.286 cm
out put Y(t) is 2Rx() – Rx( – T o) – Rx( + T o). b = 1.016 cm
50. Fr om given dat a f = 10 GH z
Channel t r ansmission r at e (C) = 52 kbps Assume dominant mode (TE 10) is pr opagat ing in
Channel band widt h B = 4 kH z t he waveguide,
So cut -off fr equency of TE 10 mode is given by
= 2.5 10– 5 c 3 1010
2 f c(TE 10) = =
2a 2 2.286
N = 4 103 2.5 10– 5 2
f c = 6.56 GH z
18 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-3)
54. Given
At t = 0 :
fr equency, f = 5 GH z = 5 109 H z
c 3 108 (t 1)2
wave lengt h, = = 0.06m y=
f 5 109 2
gain of ant enna, G = 150 1
Range of t ar get , Rmax = 1 km = 103 m, y=
2
r adar cr oss-sect ion, = 3m 2,
At t = 0+ :
t r ansmit t ed power, Pt = 100 kW
Radar r ange equat ion is given by (t 1) 2
1
y=
2
2 4
Pt G G 2
Rmax = 4 1
Since A e G y=
(4 )2 PR 4 2