Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1965
Recommended Citation
Wang, Yung-Ping, "Analysis of continuous folded plate roofs" (1965). Masters Theses. Paper 6694.
This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research & Creative Works at Scholars' Mine. It has been accepted
for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholars' Mine. For more information, please contact weaverjr@mst.edu.
·~~
ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS
\ I
FOLDED PLATE ROOFS
by
YUNG-PING WANG ) lq
THESIS
submitted to the faculty of the
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT ROLLA
in partial fulfillment of the requ1r~ments for the
Degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Rolla, Missouri
1965
Approved by
M 1\ ~£w (advisor)
.
c?ad~ ;y J5 @an
ABSTRACT
11
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT. • • • ... ...... . . . . . • ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT • ...... . ' . . . . . iii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . ...• • • . .. .
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . .. . . . .
" ~. . . . . • vi
.
LIST OF SYMBOLS ... ... . . . . . • . vii.
I. INTRODUCTION . • ...... ...... 1
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . ... • • . . . . 4
III. PROPOSED METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS
FOLDED PLATE ROOFS .... • • •.. • • • • 8
IV. CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
APPENDIX . . . . . . . ' . . • • • • . . . . • • 60
BIBLIOGRAPHY. • . . . ........• • • ' 64
VITA. • . • • • • ...• • ........ . 66
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
1 Normal Curves • . . • . • • • . • • • • . . 12
2 Dimensions of Example 1 • • • • • • • . • • • • 19
3 Resolution of Ridge Loads • • • • • • • . • . • 20
4 LongitudinaT Stresses at a Joint of Two
Adjacent Plates • . • • •••••• . ..• 22
5 Equilibrium of Horizontal Forces •• • . • 24
6 (a) Basic Loading of Example 1 • • • • • • • • • 28.
(b) Longitudinal Stresses at 0.4L • . • '• . . . 33
(c) Longitudinal Stresses at·Intermediate
Support • • ........ • • • 33
7 Williot Diagram for Relative Joint Displacement 39
8 Final Longitudinal St~esses of Example 1. • 43
9 Final Transverse Moments of Example 1 . • • . • 43
10 Final Vertical Joint Settlements of Example 1 • 43
11 Relationship between Moments and Shearing
Forces for a Uniformiy Loaded Folded Plate
with Three Continuous Spans· . . . . . ...... 45
12 Dimensions of Example i. . . . . . . . . . . •• 46
13 Moment Distribution Due to an Arbitrary
· Rotation of Example 2 • ... • • ... . . • . 51
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
I. General Data of Example 1. • • • . . . . . . •• 29
.
.Rotation • . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
VII Resolution of Joint Reactions for the Correc-
Rotation . • • ·. • • • • • • . • • • . . .. .)8
X Final Longitudinal Stresses of Example 1 . . 41
XI Final Transverse Moments of Example 1. . .42
XII Final Deflections of Example 1 • • . . • • • • . 42
XIII General Data of Example 2. •. ... • 47
XIV Slab Moments Due to External Loads . . • • • • • 47
XV Free Edge Stresses from the Elementary Analysis.48
XVI Stress Distribution Resulting from the
Elementary Analysis. . • . . • • • • . • • • • • • 50
XVII Stress Distribution Resulting from an
Arbitrary Rotation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 52
XVIII Final Longitudinal Stresses of Example 2 • • • • 56
Table Page
XIX Final T~nsverse Moments and Deflections of
Example 2. • • • " .. . • • • • • • • • .. . • • )7
vii
LIST OF SYMBOLS
I. INTRODUCTION
the long1 tud 1nal edges, t·he plates were assumed to be con-
nected by hinged joints. They proposed a folded plate
theory based on a linear variation of longitudinal stress
in each plate but neglected the effects of the relative
displacements of the joints. Since that time, there have·
been numerous papers written on the subject. Messers.
Winter and Pei(J) published a paper in 1947 in which they
transformed the algebraic solution into a stress distri-
bution method, which has the advantage of numerical sim-
plioity over the algebraic procedure.
The first method to take into account the effect of
relative joint displacement was proposed by Messers.
Gruber and Gruenlng( 4 ,5). For determination of the ridge
moments and displacements, Mr. Gruber developed his solu-
tion in the form of simultaneous differential equations
of the fourth order. Consequently, he concluded that the
influence of the rigid connections ought not to be
neglected.
aeoently, M~. I. Oaarar< 6 > en~ M~. o. ¥1t~hak1(?.S)
have introduced methods which consider separately the
5
A. Elementary Analysis
The first step in the analysis is the computation
of the forces and of the transverse and longitudinal
stresses acting at the edges of each plate element,
neglecting the effect of the relative displacement of the
joints.
The roof in the transverse direction is considered
to be a continuous one way slab supported on rjgid sup-
ports at the joints. All loads carried transversely to
the joints are considered to be transferred longitudinally
to the end supporting members by the plates acting as
inclined simple beams. The reactions at the joints are
resolved into plate loads in the planes of the plates.
Longitudinal stresses will be determined from these plate
loads, and corrected in a manner similar to the moment-
distribution method. From the equalized edge stresses,
the plate deflection at 0.41 of the exterior span and at
mid-span of the middle span will be obtained.
B. Correction Analysis
The second step in the analysis is to provide for the
effect that the relative transverse displacement of the
joints has on the transverse and longitudinal stresses.
This operation is most easily accomplished by apply-
ing arbitrary relative joint displacements successively to
each plate.and computing the ·resulting plate deflections.
10
C, Superposition
The results of the elementary analysis are added
algebraically to the corresponding values jn the correc-
tion analysis to give the final forces, moments, stresses
and displacements.
D. Normal Curves
The principal problem associated with the analysis
of folded plates is that of making the displacements
computed from the longitudinal behavior compatible with
the displacements obtained from the transverse behavior.
In a strict sense not only must this equality of
displacements be satisfied at. a few points along a strip,
but the requirement should be satisfied at all points on
the surface. To secure this, it is necessary to express
the external loads as a sinusoidal load.
In the case of single-span roofs symmetrically loaded
with respect to the middle of the span, the relative
deflections can be represented by half of a s1ne curve,
instead of assuming them to vary as the elastic line of
the corresponding loaded beam.
11
where
~
n •l}JET
1)
moment curve -
-1.0641376 L2 II -L2 II
fMN = ().9266)2 X 0.93586229 fyN =13.56 fyN
= 0 • 9 JS~6 229 (-sin).9266f+ 0.02787494
I
sinhJ.9266f)
shear curve -
r =r~ v-:ol 626jl.379t? ... '" . fr~z. 3 ~r) riii
SN ),92 ) x 0.9?21251 y~ 5.)1 yN
load curve -
= t4 fiV L 4 IV
fN (). 92 66)~ y
N J = --=---
237.72 f
yN
maximum deflection -
N0 L4 M0 L2
Yo = 2J7.72EI = -l-)~.5-6~E-I at x = 0.4L
maximum moment -
at X = 0 .. 4L
minimum moment -
-N 0 L2
at x = L
maximum shear -
y
0
EI N
0
so = 55.30 ) = 4.)0
L
deflection curve -
moment curve -
t._ I• ,JJ81S l~ f ..rz
MN- (4:7J)Z !/II.I•Z.IS"6.S' !JI'I •
Ll
1'1.13
.r--yN
shear curve -
l /. S331,f" Ll 1IL L3 /. .1/l
'J"N- (417J)lJCI,,fW{) -411 - ~a~JJ !Jit/
17
load OUl"Ve -
..r L+ £ .:. 1..4 [. jl
rv • l +. 7S) ~ !IN *' .roo. .t..r !IN
maximum deflection -
at X = 0.,5L
minimum moment -
at x =0
maximum shear -
NL
s 0 = ~0~
J.7.5
In comparing the deflection curves caused by the
normal curve load and uniform load for different support
conditions.(Appendix) it is observed that the discrepancy
in the ordinates of the normal curve corresponding to the
ordinates of the deflection curve caused by uniform load
is evidently quite small. Hence, the error introduced
into the analysis by replacing a deflection curve w1th a
normal curve can be neglected.
18
Joints
Traverses
Plates
- Supporting member
(a)
( o)
(b)
Figure J.
Resolution or Ridge L0ads
.21
. cos ~n
S
n,n+l = Rn sin ~n,n+l
- 7 4~
Z•
-th1.
=
/fl,
--j~
:6 6
h,T :!- fh!
,4h
+__:r_
- A
-~ 6
.Z]:f = 74T. ",. zl
,q
(a)
,.,..,
/_! 11 I~~~:~
.,
,.,_,
Tn-t
1+~1 ~- i
~~ z ~..
4
,f.~" .,c,;_,..
(b)
4 Tn __ f 4 Tn
f = f + - {1))
n n,n An n,n+l - An+l
An+l
fn = fn,n + (fn,n+l - fn,n) An+ An+l (15a)
A
= f
n,n+l
- (f
n,n+l
- f
n,n
) n
An+ An+l
{15b)
1/2 (f 1 + r 2 )A 2
1/2 (f 2 + f))AJ
or N
y = Nn-1 - 1/2 ty(fn-l + f n-1 h-Y)
h
-1/2 tyf l. (19)
n h
The resultant shearing force at the middle of the
plates can be written:
N (20)
y
!. Nmax dM x = Nmax Vx
vmax =t M dx
max tMmax
N
= Nmax wL/2 = 4 max (24)
t wL 2/8
tL
Mmax = wL 2/14.28
)wL wx 2 2
M (5.36x _ 7.14x )
MX = 8 X - ~ = max L L2
{28)
2
N = N ( ..2..:..J.2. x_ 7, 14x ) (29)
y max L L2
2
v =1 N (..2..:..J.Q _ 14,28x ) (30)
t max L L2
= M ( 2x 2 (Jl)
max L
N
y = Nmax (2Lx - 2 (J2)
v _ 1 N ( 2 _ 24x) (JJ)
- t max L L2
EXAMPLE 1.
The folded plate roof with two equal spans shown in
Figure 2 will be analyzed for its own weight only.
The loading was computed as follows:
Weight of plate = 1/4 x 150 = 37.5 psf
Weight of edge beam = 150 x 7/12 x 4 = 350 lb/ft.
Table I provides the general data of the cross
section.
a. Elementary Analysis:
i. Transverse slab analysis. A unit strip taken
D21 -- l +
3/4
314 = 0.428 n23 =-1 ~+--J~/~
1
4 = 0.572
TABLE I
General Data
"., .
4
. -
K34 =4 0.500
)0
TABLE II
1 2 3 Joint
10 12 21 23 32 Member
TABLE III
PL2
M0.4L = 14.28 (34)
M' PL 2
f = s·= 14.28 s (35)
D23 = 0 • .500
TABLE V
Stress Distribution
0 1 2 J Joint
·- ---··-- -~
11 12 22
.
23 Member
- -·- ..... .. ····-··· " "
-0 • .5 -0 • .5 -0 • .5 c. o. factor
___ ,.,.
··- - ... ...
-
~ -----~
r - - · - - . -·
-0.05 0.05 -0.10 0.10 '
-------- .... Distribution
. ... ... ·--
48.23 -4.99 -4.99 -27.84 ~27.84 15.86 Fmal Stresres
- .........
~-~--:-;3
f
'--...,"""<....
,.,-: '8,
~,. Z3 0
ML 2 ( )6)
Yo.4L = 12.99 EI
1 fb - ft SL2
Yo.4L = 12.99( 2 }~
For a rectangular plate ~ = ~
1 fb - ft L 2
Yo.4L = 12.99( h )E ( 38)
PL 2 (39)
M0,4L = 17.53 s
M PL 2 (40)
and fo.4L = s = 17.53 s
ML 2 - (fb- f t)L2
(41)
Yo.4L = 13.56EI - 13.56 Eh.
• 1 {·!~.50. 1?8,22) X 6S 2
YJ • - 13.56 X 9 X E = 0.11) ft.
J6
TABLE VI
TABLE VII
TABLE VIII
\.V
1.:0'
40
~3 = o.622k 3
. TABLE X
Longitudinal Stresses
TABLE XI
TABLE XII
Def£ections at 0.4L
\
&s:'oo
-- -
\
----
44
dN 4N " '
v = 1/t _.1£ = max(L- 2x) + {N - N )
dx tL2 L
For the exterior span,
4N '
v max(L- 2 x) . N
= tL2 (50)
- L
EXAMPLE 2.
Figure 12 shows the dimensions of the roof, the
longitudinal spans of which are respectively 30ft. (L1 ),
40ft. (L 2 ) and 30ft. (L 3 ).
j.SZO f
..•... ~~~~~. -·
lSb~
Figure 12. Dimensions-· or Example 2
TABLE XIII
General Data
TABLE XIV
12 21 23 Member- .
~~ ---·-·-···-- ----·
0.428 0.572 0.572 Dist. factor
--- -··- --·. -· .. ···----·----
7.16w -6. 75w . 6.75w F. E. moment
-0.17 -0.23 0.23 Distribution
f----------· -~- .. - -. • ····---·~--- + .. - -... - ....... -~-···-· -····-
6.9lw -6.9lw
'• 6.91w Final moment
- ----~---~-----~-
-l.09w i l.09w j
M/hcos ¢
------
4.50w I 4.50w 4.50w 4. 5ow -r~i~/2
Assuming w = 51.54 psf, wt. of edge beam = 254 lb/ft
420 .520 .520 Joint reaction
48
TABLE XV
0 11 = 160 324
+ 324
- 6
- O. 7
D2 ~ = D23 = 0.50
- (-63.4 + 6. 4 ) X 30 2 X 12 = 0 00263 i
y 20 - 12.99 X 9 X E - • n. ·
= (218,0+6l.4) 302 12 = 0.04380 in.
Y1o 12.99 X 2. 7 X E. X X
TABLE XVI
I z'
Z./!22. MEM8ER-
c.4ZS o.S72 D.P
-trooi ~- E:f!t ... ·--·-
ap61+·--·
f--·---- 664 DIS/.
__ , _ -....-..-.....
·-·-·~---·~·---~--
- 664'664-
J~--------
,:INFJL M.
I +IO.J -1oS"j SHEn,e
TABLE XVII
Y2
' = (- 31.17.lx9xE
5 - 9. 6) X 40 2 X 12 =
-0.00256 in.
2 . . .
yl' = (56.0+31.5)x40 xl2 = 0 • 0184
17.1 X 2. 67 X E in.
Therefore, the total deflections of these plates
will be expressed in terms of the deflections of the
elementary analysis and the relative transverse displace-
ments 6. By using Eq. (43), the val,ues O'lllfl;be computed
from the geometrical relations~
Exterior span:
y2 = -0.00263 0.001697 62
y1 = 0. 04380 + 0.01220 A 2
~2=-0.0657
Center.·span:
y2 = -0.00399 - 0.002,56 ~2
y 1 .= 0.06678 + 0.018462
. 6 2 = -0.09938.5
c. Superposition:
a~alysis will be determined
The final resu1 ts Ot the. ~A
V' =0 '•
55
v = 39400 x 4 = 73 1b/sqft.
1 4.5 X 480
Plate 2. - At the support of the exterior spans at
Joint 1
Nmax = 22100 lb
and at Joint 2
vl = 4 3xx 34200
so·
= 109 lb/sqft.
200 .
and at Joint 2, Nmax = 2200 ~ 12 6.4 = )480 lb
v 2 = 3 j 8 ~ f 8 ~ = 9.65 lb/sqft.
'.
56
TABLE XVIII
Longitudinal Stresses
IV. CONCLUSIONS
JUJ.FI • I
•• ,Jf.JE.r •
• 6, .f.(,
wt' ,..,,p
I
,z.,,;.z l
0'\
N
0)
TABLE III.,
)
.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VITA