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PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE (PERBUATAN SEDANG DILAKUKAN)

Subject + is/are + verb (ing)

Orang + sedang + kata akar (ing)

Kump 1

She is walking to school.

Kump 2

They are playing football.

Continous ( verb + ing)

1. verb + ing

Cth: play + ing = playing

2. verb (e) + ing

Cth: take – buang ‘e’ + ing = taking

3. verb + huruf hujung + ing

Cth: swim + ‘m’ + ing = swimming

Nya (Lelaki ) – his

Nya (perempuan) - her


Question 2B

It is ……………………….

It has ……………………………

I ……………………………………….

I can …………………………………

There is / are ………………………………

It is cheap and reasonable.

Ayat benda

1. There is ………………………………….. ( 1 benda).

2. There are ……………………………….( 2 atau lebih benda)


Clothing

No clothes
1. Socks stokin 25. dress Baju perempuan
2. shoes kasut 26. gown gaun
3. boots Kasut but 27. Baju kurung Baju kurung
4. sneakers Kasut sukan 28. cheongsam cheongsam
5. sandals Kasut bertali / santai 29. bandanna Skaf lilit kepala
6. slippers selipar 30. necktie Tali leher
7. clogs terompah 31. bow Tali leher reben
8. stokins Sarung kaki 32. scarf selendang
9. jeans Seluar buatan denim 33. cap Topi yang menutup
bahagian dahi depan
10. trousers Seluar panjang 34. hat Topi ala ‘cowboy’
11. tracksuits Seluar dan baju sukan 35. songkok songkok
12. Pants Seluar panjang 36. turban serban
13. Track bottom Seluar sukan 37. hairband Cekak rambut
14. skirt Kain yang panjang di 38. crown mahkota
atas paras lutut

15. belt Tali pinggang 39. spectacles Cermin mata


16. shorts Seluar pendek 40. goggles Cermin mata untuk
menyelam
17. maxi Baju labuh 41. handsocks Sarung tangan
18. shirt kemeja 42. Watch Jam tangan
19. blouse Pakaian perempuan 43. gloves Sarung tangan
20. jacket jaket 44. Bangle Gelang besar
21. vest Baju pendek untuk 45. bracelet Gelang emas
bahagian anggota atas
22. raincoat Baju hujan
23. T-shirt Baju yang tidak
berkolar
24. Singlet Pakaian dalam
DETERMINERS

These and those, this and that

This – Ini (satu) – This is my book.

Ini ialah buku saya.

That – Itu (satu) _ That is my bag.

Itu ialah beg saya.

These – Ini (banyak) - These are my books.

Those – Itu (banyak) – Those are my bags.

For uncountable things –

1. We cannot put ‘s’ at the end of the word.

e.g ice creams X ice cream /

2. We cannot use ‘are’ we must use ‘is’.

e.g There are ice cream X There is ice cream. /

3. We cannot use ‘a’/an

e.g There is an ice cream. X There is ice cream. /


DETERMINERS

Countable Nouns Uncountable nouns


1. Banyak – many , a lot of 1. Banyak - a lot of , much
2. Sedikit – some 2. Sedikit - some , a little
Beberapa – a few

e.g e.g
1. She has many dolls. 1. I have a lot of ice cream in the refrigerator.
2. There are many chairs in the classroom. 2. There is some water in the pail.
3. A few durians are in the basket. 3. Siti has a little milk in the bottle.

Any - untuk dua


Dua kumpulan

- Dalam ayat soal (?)


- Dalam ayat yang ada ( not/ n’t)

e.g

1. There isn’t any sugar in the bowl.


PRONOUNS

Permulaan ayat / selepas Ditengah – hujung ayat Kepunyaan


‘because’
I me me
You you your
He him his
She her her
it it its
We us our
They them their

PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE – (PERBUATAN SEDANG BERLAKU)

- Kata kerja – verb – word + ing


- Cth: play + ing = playing

Time frame – masa - now

Use verb to be

Is, are, am

Ialah sedang berada


OCCUPATIONS

No
1. Actor Pelakon lelaki 25. gardener Tukang kebun
2. Actress Pelakon perempuan 26. goldsmith Tukang emas
3. Artist pelukis 27. grocer peruncit
4. Astronout angkasawan 28. guard jaga
5. Astronomer Pengkaji angkasa 29. greengrocer Penjual sayur-sayuran
6. Author Pengarang 30. Headmaster Guru besar lelaki
7. Baker Pembuat kek 31. headmistress Gurubesar perempuan
8. Barber Tukang gunting rambut 32. hawker penjaja
9. Businessman Ahli perniagaan 33. hunter pemburu
10. butcher Penjual daging 34. labourer buruh
11. Carpenter Tukang kayu 35. lawyer peguam
12. clerk kerani 36. librarian pustakawan
13. coach jurulatih 37.
14. cobbler Tukang kasut 38.
15. dentist Doctor gigi 39.
16. electrician Tukang elektrik 40.
17. engineer jurutera 41.
18. farmer Peladang, pesawah, 42.
petani, pekebun
19. fireman Ahli bomba 43.
20. fisherman nelayan 44.
21. fishmonger Penjual ikan 45.
22. florist Penjual bunga
23. fruiterer Penjual buah-buahan
24. Garbage
collecter Pengangkut sampah
Examples of reasons for question 2B

1. FOOD 7. FLOWERS

 It is delicious and tasty.  It is beautiful and colourful.


 It is my favourite food.  It has a nice smell.
 It is good for health because it contains  It looks attractive and is sweet-
vitamins. smelling.

2. TRANSPORT 8. CLOTHING

 It is a faster mean of transport.  It suits me.


 I can reach my destination earlier.  It is the latest fashion.
 It is the most convenient way of  It is attractive and colourful.
travelling.

3. PRICES 9. HOBBY

 I can get it cheaper.  I enjoy doing it.


 I can get it at lower price.  I can widen my knowledge.
 The offer is attractive.  My friends and I have the same
interest.

4. ACTIVITIES 10. FACILITIES

 The activities are very interesting and  They are challenging.


challenging.  I can use the facilities provided.
 It is very useful and has many benefits.  I can do something beneficial with my
 I am talented in singing. time.

5. PETS 11. OCCUPATIONS

 It is a cute animal.  It teaches me to be responsible.


 I love animals.  I can earn more money for a living.
 It is easy to look after.  I can support my family.

6. SOCIETY/CLUB 12. PEN-PAL

 It has a lot of benefits.  We have the same hobby so we can


 The activities are interesting. exchange ideas.
 I can gain more knowledge.  We share the same interests and ideas.
 I can learn many new things.
VOCABULARY

PRICE Low, high, reasonable, affordable

PLACE Suitable, interesting, dull, popular, busy, quite, clean, dirty, small, big,
airy, beautiful, spacious, comfortable, convenient.
FOOD Favourite, clean, healthy, nice, delicious, tasty, balanced diet, junk food,
nutritious, good.
COLOUR Attractive, colourful, light, dull, favourite, beautiful.

OFFER Good, fantastic, free

PRIZE Valuable, good, worthy

DATE/DAY/TIME Suitable, valuable, punctual, free, best

PERSONALITY Good looking, handsome, pretty, honest, smart-looking, trustworthy,


responsible, polite, brave, well-behaved, helpful, clever, hardworking,
faithful, kind-hearted, respectful, shy, humble
FEATURES Body – thin and tall, short and fat
Hair – long, short, curly, wavy, straight
Eyes – small, big, beautiful, round
Nose – pointed, flat, sharp
Mouth – big, small, curved, wide.
Face – oval, round, beautiful
COLLECTIVE NOUNS

Animals

1. An army of ants/ insects

2. A flight of swallows

3. A gaggle of geese

4. A hive of bees

5. A litter of puppies/kittens

6. A nest of rabbits/snakes

7. A shoal of fish

8. A school of dolphins

9. A stud of horses

10. A flock of birds

11. A swarm of bees

12. A pack of wolves

13. A nest of mice

14. A troop of monkeys

15. A herd of elephants

16. A pack of lions


ANIMALS AND THEIR YOUNGS

NO ANIMALS YOUNG
1. Goat kid
2. Dog Puppy
3. Goose gosling
4. Horse Foal
5. Frog tadpole
6. Bird nestling
7. swan cygnet
8. Hen chick
9. Duck duckling
10. Owl owlet
11. bear cub
12. Deer fawn
13. Rabbit rack
14. cow calf
15. Donkey foal
16. sheep lamb
17. wolf cub
18. Ant/bee/beetle Grub
19. butterfly caterpillar
20. kangaroo joey
21. cockroach nymph
22. fly manggot
23. mosquito wriggler
HOMES OF CREATURES

NO ANIMALS HOME
1. Bee hive
2. Bird nest
3. Dog kennel
4. Bear den
5. horse stable
6. lion Den/lair
7. mouse Hole/nest
8. pig sty
9. cow Cowshed/den
10. Rabbit (wildy) burrong
11. Rabbit (tame) hutch
12. sheep den
13. tiger lair
14. squirrel drey
15. pigeon Dove-cote
16. spider web
17. ant nest
18. Bird (tame) cage
19. chicken coop
20.
21.
22.
23.
ADJECTIVE OF COMPARISON (Regular form)

positive comparative superlative


1. brave Braver than The bravest
2. bright Brighter than The brightest
3. cheap Cheaper than The cheapest
4. dark Darker than The darkest
5. hard Harder than The hardest
6. high Higher than The highest
7. long Longer than The longer
8. neat Neater than The neatest
9. old Older than The oldest
10. poor Poorer than The poorest
11. rich Richer than The richest
12. sharp Sharper than The sharpest
13. short Shorter than The shortest
14. busy Busier than The busiest
15. clumsy Clumsier than The clumsiest
16. dirty Dirtier than The dirtiest
17. early Earlier than The earliest
18. easy Easier than The easiest
19. heavy Heavier than The heaviest
20. happy Happier than The happiest
21. hungry Hungrier than The hungriest
22. lazy Lazier than The laziest
23. naughty Naughtier than The naughtiest
24. noisy Noisier than The noisiest
25. pretty Prettier than The prettiest
ADJECTIVE OF COMPARISON (Irregular form)

positive comparative superlative


1. Responsible More responsible than The most responsible
2. Talkative More talkative than The most talkative
3. Beautiful More beautiful than The most beautiful
4. Careful More careful than The most careful
5. Careless More careless than The most careless
6. Colourful More colourful than The most colourful
7. Difficult More difficult than The most difficult
8. Expensive More expensive than The most expensive
9. Delicious More delicious than The most delicious
10. Comfortable More comfortable than The most comfortable
11. Obedient More obedient than The most obedient
12. Exciting More exciting than The most exciting
13. reasonable More reasonable than The most reasonable
PHRASAL OF QUANTIFIERS

Phrasal Quantifiers Nouns


A bottle of Powder, tomato ketchup, water, milk, oil, syrup
A crate of Apples, mangoes, canned drinks, oranges, pears
A slice of Cake, bread, meat, beef, mutton, cheese
A spoonful of Sugar, salt, flour, rice, oil, cough syrup, medicine
A tube of Chocolate topping, whipped cream, toothpaste
A pinch of Salt, nutmeg, chilly powder
A cube of Ice, chicken stock, cheese, sugar
A scoop of Ice cream, rice, jelly
A tin of Biscuits, milk powder
A pail of Water, cement, sand
A can of Soup, sardines, soft drink, mushrooms, milk
A jar of Jam, honey, chutney, pickle, peanut butter
A stick of Cinnamon, celery, cheese
A bunch of Grapes, bananas, rambutans
A bundle of Sticks, vegetables
A sprinkle of Glitter, grated cheese, sugar, chocolate rice
A sack of Potatoes, onions, sugar, rice
A cylinder of gas
A plate of Noodles, rice, fruits, fried vegetables
A tub of Ice cream, cream

e.g

a tray of eggs

a comb of bananas

a squeeze of lemons

a sachet of chilly sauce

a clove of garlic

a chunk of meat

a dash of pepper
TENSES

GROUP 1 GROUP 2

He Present Tense I Present Tense


She Masa berlaku tiap hari You Masa berlaku tiap hari
It They
Ali Every We Every
Siti Subject + Verb + s + My mother and I Subject + Verb +
My mother es I go …………………..
My father She goes ………
Past Tense Past Tense

Masa dah lepas berlaku Masa dah lepas berlaku


Masa: Yesterday, lost ….., this morning, Sentence: Subject + verb (Past Tense)
Just now. They played football yesterday.
Sentence: Subject + verb (Past Tense)
He played football yesterday.

Present Continuous Tense Present Continuous Tense

Masa sedang berlaku sekarang (now) Subject + am + ___ ing + ….. =


Sentence: Subject + is + verb + ing
My mother is cooking in the kitchen now. I am sleeping on the bed now.
You are watching television now.
Past Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense

Sentence: Subject + was + verb + ing I was sleeping on the bed just now.
My mother was cooking in the kitchen just You were watching television just now.
now.
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

COMMON PREFIXES

Prefixes Meaning Example


dis - not Dishonest, disbelief, displease, disrespect
Un - not Unhappy, unwell, unusual, unimportant
Im - not Impossible, impolite, impatient, impure
In - not Inaccurate, inattentive, inconsiderate
Non - not Nonsense, nonstop, nontoxic
Re - again Reread, rewrite, resell, retell
Pre - before Precook, preview, prerecord, preschool
Mis - wrong Misunderstand, misread, misbehave, misspell

COMMON SUFFIXES

Suffixes Meaning Example


- less without Endless, colourless, tasteless, wireless
- ful Full of Cheerful, colourful, beautiful, thankful
- ion State or condition Creation, attention, collection
- ness In the state of Happiness, unfairness, cleanliness, kindness
- ly To form adverbs of manner Quickly, neatly, bravely, slowly, lovingly
- ed To form past tense Walked, looked, laughed, arranged
- let Little or small Booklet, droplet, leaflet
- en To make / become Smoothen, broaden, brighten, widen, lengthen
- er/ person Reader, writer, teacher, helper, actor, spectator
or
- er To form comparative Slower, faster, prettier, softer, neater, bigger
adjectives
APOSTROPHE ‘S, S’

1. Example:

Daniel’s school : Bilangan 1 orang : ‘s

: Nama + ‘s

2. Example:

Girls’ school : Bilangan ramai - s’

Boys’ school

3. Example:

Children’s school : Bilangan ramai

Women’s - tidak guna ‘s’

Men’s - aphostrope: ‘s

When we want to show that something belongs or relatives to someone:

We add ‘s after singular names or nouns. Example: Daniel’s

We add s’ after plural nouns that end with s. Example: girls’

We add s’ after plural nouns that do not end with s. Example: children’s

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