Arduino Based Power Management System For Households

Terence Karl Llorin

James Angelo Relles

Franchesca Therese Petalio

Submitted in Practical Fulfilment of the Requirements

in Research II

Nabua National High School

NabuaCamarines Sur

October 2017

Ms. Raquel Togeres

Research Adviser
CHAPTER I

Introduction

As time passes by, fire accidents and causalities

increase. One of the causes of this accident is from the
mistakes the homeworker make. Sometimes, they are leaving
the house without unplugging the appliances or switching
the fuse box off. In the Philippines, according to the
bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) last January and February
2016, they tallied 2,571 fire accidents were recorded,
mostly in residential areas. Out of that accidents 66
people were killed and 173 injured, whileonly 54 deaths and
158 injuries the same period last 2015. So the researcher
decided to conduct a study and make a device that can
automatically switch the fuse box off and on, so that
casualties and injuries caused from the mistake of the
homeowners decrease and permanently stop.

Previously, many studies conducted regarding to power

flow studies for assessment the Security of the Steady
States in Zone Inside the Large Interconnected Power System
(September 2004) conducted by TimursKuznecous,
AnatoljisMantiko, AntansSauhat, VladislovObosklov. They
found out that, fuse or every household should have exact
amount of electricity flowing. If the electricity flowing
exceed to its limitations, it will cause explosions and
harms every person who lives near that particular place.

If the study will not be conducted, the increase of

fire accidents will go higher and may happen frequently.
The casualties and injuries may also increase as the time
passes by.
 The study aims to make an arduino based power
management system for residence that can switch the fuse
box on and off and cut the flow of the electricity.
Statement of the Problem

General Statement:

The study aims to make a device that can automatically

switch the fuse box on and off. The device will help to
prevent the electrical fire causes accidents.

Specifically, the study answers the following questions:

1.) What are the features of the Arduino Based Power

Management System in terms of:
a. Light weight
2.) What is the difference between ordinary fuse box and
the Arduino Based Power Management in terms of :
a. Reliability
b. Functionality
c. Durability
3.) What is the difference of the Arduino Based Power
Management System in terms of:
a. Cost effectiveness
Hypotheses

Null

There is no significant difference between an ordinary

fuse box and Arduino Based Power Management System in terms
of:

a. Reliability
b. Functionality
c. Durability

There is no significant difference of the Arduino

Based Power Management System in terms of:

a. Cost Effectiveness

Alternative

There is a significant difference between an ordinary

fuse box and Arduino Based Power Management in terms of:

a. Reliability
b. Functionality
c. Durability

There is a significant difference of the Arduino Based

Power Management System in terms of:

a. Cost Effectiveness
Significance/Importance of the Study

The result of this study could benefit the people that

are busy of work and people that are not in the house most
of the time. This study will help to secure the house that
there will be no electrical malfunctions that will occur
and can cause fire.

Arduino Based Power Management System for Residence is

very useful to people that was not always at home because
they will be at peace and feel secure from electrical
malfunctions. This will automatically switch off the fuse
box after 30 minutes that there are no people inside the
house.

This device will be at low cost than using circuit

breaker, the consumers will spend more money in buying
materials like wires and circuit breakers that were divided
for every art of the house.
Scope and Limitation of the Study

Arduino Based Power Management System for Residence

and Circuit Breaker focused on automatically switching on
and off of the fuse box with the contribution of the
ultrasonic sensor that gives information/indication that
the doors are already closed and no one is inside the house
and with the help of the real time clock, it limits the
time in 30 minutes before the fuse box switches off.

This can be activated to switch off the fuse box when

the person is going out and be deactivated when the person
is going out and be deactivated when the person is at home
by turning on and off the device connected to the fuse box.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Fese Box – an electrical safety device consisting of

or including a wire or strip of fusible metal.
 Circuit Breaker – a switch that automatically stops
the flow of electricity to a place or device if the
current becomes too strong or another dangerous
problem occurs.
 Reliability – a quality or state of being reliable;
the extent to which an experiment, test or measuring
procedure yields the same result on repeated trials.
 Functionality – a quality of having a practical use:
the quality of being functional.
 Durability – staying strong and in good condition over
a long period of time.
 Cost-effective – producing good results without
costing a lot of money.
 Lightweight - one of less than average weight; having
little weight
 Ultrasonic Sensor –is a device that can measure the
distance to an object by using sound waves. It
measures distance by sending out a sound wave at a
specific frequency and listening for that sound wave
to bounce back.
 Real Time Clock – is a computer clock (most often in
the form of an integrated circuit) that keeps track of
the currenttime.
 Conceptual Framework

Input

Variables and
Process
materials of Arduino Output
Based Power Effective Power
Arduino Based Power
Management System Management System
Management System
out of materials that
 Arduino for Households that
will be used to make
Board automatically switches
the Arduino Based
 Motor the fuse box and cut
Power Management
 Ultrasonic the current flow.
System.
Sensor
 Real Time
Clock

Feedback

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of Aurduino based Power

Management System

The researchers will conduct a study about

Arduino Based Power Management System for households.
The conceptual framework above.
In the input, the variables and materials are
placed. In the illustration, the independent variable
is the Arduino while the dependent variable is the
effectiveness as a Power Management System. The output
in this study determined after processing of all
materials and gathering statistical results. Output
will be the Arduino Based Power Management System for
Households.
Synthesis of the Art
Researchers look for other related studies to
Arduino Based Power Management System for Households
that has some characteristics, materials, or
components that has similarities and somewhat
differences.
 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

LITERATURE

Arduino is an open source electronics platform

based on easy to use hardware and software.. Arduino
boards are able to read inputs, light on a sensor, a
finger on a button, or a twitter message and turn it
on an output,activating a motor,turning on an LED,
publishing something online. Arduino has been used in
thousand of different projects and application.The
arduinosoftware is easy to use for beginners, yet
flexible enough for advance users. It turnson mac,
windows and linux. Teachers and students use it to
build low cost scientific instrument, to prove
chemistryand physics principles, or to get started
with programing and robotics.

 Inexpensive – arduino board are relatively

inexpensive comparedto other microcontroller
platforms. The least expensive versin of arduino
module can be assembled by han, and even the pre
assembledarduino module cost less than $50
 Cross platform – the arduino software runs on
windows, Macontish OSX, and linuxoperating
systems. Most controller system are limited to
Windows.
 Simple, clear programming environment – The
arduino software (IDE)is easy to use for
beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users
 to take advantage of as well. For teachers, its
conveniently based on the processing programming
environment, so students learning to program in
that environment will be familiar with how the
arduino IDE works.
 Open source software – the softwar is published
as an open source tools, available for extension
by experienced programmers. The language can be
expanded through C++libraries, and people wanting
to understand the technical details can make the
leap froarduino to the AVR C programming languagr
on whihits based. Similarly, you can add AVR C
code directly into your programs if you want to.
 Open source and extensible hardware – the plans
of the ld the breadboard version of the moule in
order to understand how it works and save
money.license, so experience circuit designers
can make their own version of the module,
extending it and improving it. Even relatively
inexperienced users can build the breadboard
version of the moule in order to understand how
it works and save money.

Fuse

In electronics and electrical enginering, fuse is an

electrical safety device that operates to provide
overcurrent protection of an electrical circuit. Composed
of metal wires or strip that melts when too much current
flows through it, thus interrupting the current.

Fuses have been used as essential safety devices from

early days of electrical engineering. Today there are
thousands of different fuse designs depend on the use.
Short circuits, overloading, mismatched loads, r device
failure are the main reasons for fuse operation.

Circuit Breaker

Circuit breaker is an electrical device or switch

designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage due
to excess current flowing on the circuit, typically
resulting from an overload or short circuit.

Its function is to interrupt current flow after a

fault is detected. Unlike fuse, which operates once and
must be replaced, circuit breaker can be reset. Circuit
breakers are made in different sizes depend on the use
RELATED STUDIES

Barnicha(2015). The proponent proposed Smart Home

Management System – Monitoring and Control of Appliances
Using an Arduino Based Network in the context of a Micro-
grid to design and implement a home energy management
system that provides users with detailed information about
their energy consumption and permit sensing, control and
smart algorithms with the use of renewable energy as a
source of electricity at the residential level within the
Moroccan context in a micro-grid. This project emphasizes
the importance of the use of renewables in a micro-grid and
also on implementing two Smart plugs using an Arduino-based
network.

Wang et.al (2017). Design and Implementation of an

Intelligent Windowsill System Using Smart Handheld Device
and Fuzzy Micro-controller proposes an innovative use of
smart handheld devices(SHD), using MIT App Inventor and
Fuzzy Control, to perform the real-time monitoring and
smart control of the designed intelligent windowsill
system(IWS) in a smart home.

The proposed system can automatically send a command

to a fuzzy microcontroller performed by Arduino UNO to
fully or partly open the electric curtain and electric
window for adapting to climate changes in the outdoor or
indoor environment. The IWS can automatically close windows
for rain splashing on the window.
 De Guiaet.al(2014). The proponents proposed the study,
“Home Based Power Outlet Consumption Monitoring System” in
monitoring and consolidating information regarding the
energy consumption of individual appliance. The consumption
is aggregated and sent through the powerline to a central
database, where a web-based client software reports and
plots appliance consumption.

Okaforet.al(2017). Development of Arduino Based IoT

Metering System for On-demand Energy Monitoring developed
Arduino based energy consumption rate meter for residential
homes using multidisciplinary concepts in Mechatronics. The
system features real time demand side management using
composite methodology. It comprises the metering and cloud
server cluster units. The work introduced ICS712 Hall
effect current sensor, Arduino UNO, and SIM800L GSM modules
to achieve the system functionalities.
 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

The methodology of this study composed the following

design to be considered:

3.1.Materials

i. Arduino UNO board

ii. Ultrasonic sensor
iii. RTC(real time clock)
iv. Servo motor

3.2.Method

A functional descrption of the Arduino Based

Power Management System put into consideration in the
following: reliability, acceptability, effiency, of the
materials. The sensors were based on factors of:
sensitivity, accuracy, and functionality.

i. Arduino UNO

This consist of both a physical programmable

circuit board and a piece of software that runs on the test
bed computers used to write and upload design codes

ii. Ultrasonic sensor

The HC-SR04 ltrasonic module has 4 pins, Ground,

VCC, Trig, and Echo. The ground should be connected to the
ground pin on the Arduino Board, VCC to 5v pin, the trig
and echo pins to any Digital I/O pin on the Arduino Board.
In this case we use pin 9 nd 10 espectively.
iii. Real Time Clock

There are 4 pins in RTC that should be connected

to the Arduino board. The Ground, VCC, SCL, and SDA. The
Ground and VCC should be connected to the Ground and 5v of
the Arduino board respectively. The SCL to the A5 on the
Arduino Board and SDA to the A4 onthe Arduino Board

iv. Servo motor

Servo motors have three wires: power, ground,

and signal. The power wire is typically red and should be
connected to 5v pin on the Arduino Board. The ground wire
is typically black or brown and should be connected to the
Ground pin on the board. The signal wire is typically
yellow, orange or white and should be connected to a
digital pin on the board. In this case we use pin 1.

3.3. Programming Technique

Programming will be used to communicate between

the Arduino UNO, Real Time Clock, Ultrasonic Sensor, and
the Servo Motor.

Codes:

i. Ultrasonic sensor
ii. RTC(real time clock)

iii. Servo motor