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Building Control (Amendment) Act 2007 and Regulations 2008:

Underground Building Works –


Requirements on PE(GEO) and AC
(GEO)

Briefing to BE
25 Sep 08
Content :
1. General Definitions
2. What is underground building works?
3. Requirement on PE(GEO) and
AC(GEO)
4. Examples of Excavation Works
5. Examples of Tunneling Works
6. Examples of Foundation Works for
high-rise building
General Definitions

• Geotechnical Aspects
– An analysis of the geological structure and earth materials
of the site of the underground building works and its
influence on the underground building works
– An analysis of the ground-water regime and its influence
on the wall stability and integrity of the underground
building works over time; and
– Such other applications of earth sciences to and
engineering aspects of the underground building works as
may be prescribed
General Definitions

• Geotechnical Engineer, PE(Geo)


– A professional engineer who is registered under the
Professional Engineers Act (Cap. 253) as a specialist
professional engineer in the specialised branch of
geotechnical engineering

Specialist Accredited Checker, AC(Geo)


– An accredited checker who is registered under section 16
to undertake the work of an accredited checker as regards
the geotechnical aspects of any underground building
works
General Definitions

• Earth Retaining Structure


– Any structure, structural system or other means used to
maintain the shape of excavation during construction,
earth filling or cutting
What is Underground Building Works?

• Tunneling Works
– Any excavation or other building works to make a tunnel with a
diameter, width or height or more than 2 m

• Excavation Works and Earth Retaining Structures


– Any excavation or other building works to make a caisson,
cofferdam, trench, ditch, shaft or well with a depth of more than 6 m
– Any building works for constructing, altering or repairing any earth
retaining structures in or for a trench, ditch, shaft or well with a
depth or height or more than 6 m

• Foundation Works
– Foundation for buildings of 30 or more storeys
Submission Requirement for
Excavation Works
Appointments Required
All permanent or temporary Accredited Checker
building works that involve Qualified Person (QP)
(AC)
Excavation  1.5 m** deep Plan approval is not required
1.5 m** < Excavation 4m
No AC is required
deep Any PE can act as the
4 m < Excavation
 6m QP for structural works Any AC to check
deep structural works
Excavation > 6 m deep and Any PE can act as QP Any AC to check
all underground building for structural works (a structural works (a
works PE(GEO) is needed for AC(GEO) is needed
the geotechnical for the geotechnical
aspects) aspects)

** If the structure that retains earth in the excavation is not constructed


of reinforced concrete or steel, then the applicable depth is 1 m instead of 1.5 m.
Requirement on PE(Geo) and AC(Geo)

Underground
Building Works
(UBW)

Geotechnical
Aspects

QP PE (Geo) & AC (Geo)

AC
UBW – Submission Requirements

• Submission

(a) Require Approval


(b) Require Permit to commence works
- Commencement of work: to notify BCA
Examples of Excavation/Earth
Retaining Works
Excavation Works: Slope/Site formation

H>6m
Excavation Works: Slope/Site formation

h2

D = influence distance of
excavation depth, h1 h1

As a guide, D is taken to be twice h1


for medium stiff to hard soils
Excavation Works: Slope/Site formation

Example S1: D < 2h1

h2

H>6m

h1
H = h1 + h2
Excavation Works: Slope/Site formation

Example S2: D  2h1

h2

H>6m
h1

H = h1
Excavation Works: Earth Retaining System

H>6m
H>6m
Excavation Works: Basement in sloping ground

Existing ground level

h2

H>6m
h1
H = h1 + h2

UBW = Earth retaining &


support system, slope
Excavation Works: Basement Construction

H>6m
H = h1 h1

h2

Note: In determining the depth of excavations for UBW, the depth of localized pits can be
disregarded if they are to be constructed in sequential manner; otherwise the depth of
localized pits or trenches shall be added if they fall within the zone of influence, and may be
disregarded if they fall outside the zone. In general, the zone of influence shall be taken as the
area formed within a distance D from any face of the excavation, where D = 2 times the depth of
the localized pit or trench
Excavation Works: Construction of
Basement structures

H>6m

UBW = Temporary earth retaining & support system


Basement structures which is within the excavation support system, is not UBW
Excavation Works: Construction of
Basement structure

H>6m

As temporary retaining wall also serves as permanent retaining


system of basement structure, UBW = Temporary and permanent
earth retaining & support system including basement structure
Earth Retaining Structure: Retaining wall

h2

H>6m

H = h1 + h2
h1

UBW = Earth retaining wall & slope


Earth Retaining Structures

Example R1: D < 2h1

h2
H = h1 + h2
H>6m

h1
Earth Retaining Structures

H>6m
Earth Retaining Structure: Retaining wall

H>6m

UBW = Earth retaining wall


Earth Retaining Structure: Road Abutment

H>6m

UBW = Road abutment


Excavation Works: Drainage Works

H>6m Box Culvert

UBW = Temporary earth retaining & support system


Box culvert which is within the excavation support system, is not UBW
Excavation Works: Sewer pipe

H>6m

Sewer
pipe
>1m dia.

UBW = Temporary earth retaining & support system


Sewer pipe which is within the excavation support system, is not UBW
Excavation Works: Sewer manhole

H>6m

Sewer
manhole

UBW = Temporary earth retaining & support system


Sewer manhole which is within the excavation support system, is not UBW
Earth Filling Works: Embankment/Dam

H>6m

UBW = Earth embankment/dam


Earth Filing Works: Retaining Walls

H>6m

UBW = Caisson
Slope: A & A of existing slopes

H>6m

UBW = Retaining wall and slope


Insignificant Building Works: Sewer pipe < 1 m diameter

Any depth Sewer


pipe <1m
dia.

Any trenches for the purpose of laying sewers not exceeding 1 m in


diameter is insignificant building works which does not required
submission.
Non-building Works: water pipes

Any depth
Water
pipe

Unless carried out in relation to “building works” under the BC Act and
Regulations, underground water pipes, gas pipes and cables per se are
not considered as “building”. Excavation in relation to these works did
not required submission.
Examples of Tunneling Works
Tunneling Works: Bored Tunnels

Bored tunnels
D

D > 2m

UBW = Permanent (tunnel lining) and temporary tunnel support system


Tunneling Works: Cut-and-cover Tunnels

Cut-and-cover tunnels

H>6m w
D>2
h m

h, w >2 m

UBW = Temporary earth retaining & support system


Tunnel box structure, which is within the excavation support system,
is not UBW
Tunneling Works: Mined Tunnel

Mined tunnel

h
w

h, w >2 m

UBW = Temporary tunnel support system


Permanent tunnel structure which is within the tunnel support system, is not UBW
Examples of Foundation Works
Foundation of High-rise

H  30 H 30
storey storey

UBW = Caisson, barrette


UBW = Raft foundation piled foundation
or Piled raft foundation

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