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Pascal:

The Pascal (symbol: Pa) is the SI derived unit of pressure used to quantify internal pressure,
stress, Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength. It is defined as one newton per square
meter.

Common multiple units of the Pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa) which is equal to one
millibar, and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1000 Pa) which is equal to one centibar.

The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101325 Pa.

1 Pa = N/m² = kg/m.s2² = J/m³


Uses:

The pascal (Pa) or kilopascal (kPa) as a unit of pressure measurement is widely used throughout
the world and has largely replaced the pounds per square inch (psi) unit,

Geophysicists use the gigapascal (GPa) in measuring or calculating tectonic stresses and
pressures within the Earth.

1 Pa = 0.00014503773773022 psi

1 Mpa= 1000000 Pa

Bar:
The bar is a unit of pressure defined as 100 kilopascals. It is about equal to the atmospheric
pressure on Earth at sea level.

Other units derived from the bar are the megabar (symbol: Mbar), kilobar (symbol: kbar),
decibar (symbol: dbar), centibar (symbol: cbar), and millibar (symbol: mbar or mb). They are not
SI units, nor are they cgs units, but they are accepted for use with the SI. The bar is widely used
in descriptions of pressure because it is only about 1% smaller than the atmosphere (symbol:
atm), which now is defined to be 1.01325 bar exactly. The bar is legally recognized in countries
of the European Union.

Uses:

Atmospheric air pressure is often given in millibars where "standard" sea level pressure (1 atm)
is defined as 1013.25 mbar (hPa), equal to 1.01325 bar. Despite millibars not being an SI unit,
meteorologists and weather reporters worldwide have long measured air pressure in millibars.
After the advent of SI units, some meteorologists began using hectopascals (symbol hPa) which
are numerically equivalent to millibars. For example, the weather office of Environment Canada
uses kilopascals and hectopascals on their weather maps. In contrast, Americans are familiar
with the use of the millibar in US reports of hurricanes and other cyclonic storms.

Absolute Pressure and Gauge Pressure:


Absolute pressure is zero-referenced against a perfect vacuum, so it is equal to gauge pressure plus
atmospheric pressure.

Gauge pressure is zero-referenced against ambient air pressure, so it is equal to absolute pressure
minus atmospheric pressure. Negative signs are usually omitted.

Differential pressure is the difference in pressure between two points.

CFT:
CFT stand for cubic ft and it is the unit of volume.

A cylinder is a three-dimensional object that has two identical circular ends with straight parallel
sides, like a can of beans or a hot water tank. The formula for calculating the volume of a
cylinder is V=πr2h, where V is the volume, r is the radius and h is the height.

1 CFT = 28.3168 ltr


There are 12 inches in a foot, so there are 123 inches3 (cubic inches) in a foot3 (cubic foot). So multiply
things out using inches, and then divide by 123. So,

1 Cubic feet = 1728 cubic inches

And we know 1 meter = 3.28084 feet, so,

1 cubic feet = 0.28 cubic meter

1 foot = 12 inches

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters

1000 cubic centimeters = 1 liter

Using these steps we can express a feet to centimeters as:

distance in cm = (distance in ft) x (12 in/1 ft) x (2.54 cm/1 in)

distance in cm = (distance in ft) x 30.48 cm/ft

Now we need to convert these distances into volume measurements of cm3 and ft3.

Cube Volume = (linear measurement)3, so

volume in cm3 = [(distance in feet) x 30.48 cm/ft]3

volume in cm3 = (volume in ft3) x 28316.85 cm3/ft3

Now we can convert cubic centimeters to liters

volume in liters = (volume in cm3) x (1 L/1000 cm3)

volume in liters = (volume in cm3)/1000 L/cm3

Insert the cubic volume from the previous step: volume in liters = [(volume in ft3) x 28316.85
cm3/ft3)]/1000 L/cm3

volume in liters = (volume in ft3) x 28.317 L/ft3

Now we have our conversion factor of cubic feet to liters. Insert 1 cubic foot into the volume in
ft3 part of the equation

volume in liters = (1 ft3) x 28.317 L/ft3

volume in liters = 28.317 L

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