Dhinesh Thesis Report

INTEGRATED SPORTS TRAINING CENTRE
MADURAI
A THESIS REPORT
Submitted by
DHINESH N
Reg. No: 12RBAR006
In partial fulfillment of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
May 2017
Faculty of Architecture
KARPAGAM UNIVERSITY
(Established under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956)
Pollachi Main Road, Eachanari Post, Coimbatore
Tamilnadu-641021, India
Integrated Sports Training Centre - Madurai, Karpagam University
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to my guide Ar.NSA Ravi,
for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the
course of this thesis, I also like to thank the thesis committee for their guidance, kind co-
operation, inspirational discussions and encouragement throughout since the beginning
till the completion of my thesis.
I would also like to thank my Dean Ar.Kathiravan.P for his valuable guidance,
insightful talks, cooperation and understanding at every stage of the thesis project.
I would also like to thank the administration and staff of Dr.M.G.R stadium, Madurai and
Anna stadium, tichy and Indhra gandhi sports complex at New Delhi for providing all
the necessary information during my case study.
Lastly, I would like to thank my family for their continual support and assistance helping me in
completing my thesis in many ways, without which this would not be possible
DHINESH N
Final year B-Arch
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TABLE
OFCONTENTS
1. PROLOGUE
1.1 INTODUCTION.............................................................................. 04
1.2 CONTEXT AND NEED.................................................................. 05
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES................................................................ 06
1.4 SCOPE ANDLIMITATIONS......................................................... 06
1.5 HYPOTHESIS................................................................................. 07
1.6 METHODLOGY ............................................................................ 07
2. CASE STUDY AND LITERATURE STUDY
2.1 Dr.M.G.R STADIUM , MADURAI.............................................. 08
2.2 ANNA STADIUM , TRICHY....................................................... 13
2.3 INDHRA GANDHI SPORTS COMPLEX , NEW DELHI.......... 19
2.4 BEIJING NATIONAL OLYMPIC STADIUM............................ 33
2.5 IRWIN INDOOR PRACTICE - USA.............................. 44
2.6 KABADDI STADIUM - AHMEDABAD................................... 49
3. SPECIAL STUDY
3.1 AREATED BRICK AND BAMBOO CONCRETE.................... 56
4. SITE STUDY AND ANALYSIS...................................................... 66
5. DESIGN BRIEF................................................................................ 70
6. CONCEPT ........................................................................................ 71
7. FINAL DESIGN................................................................................ 72
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................... 79
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1.1 Introduction
India is home to a diverse population playing many different sports across the country. Cricket is the
most popular sport. Football is a popular sport in some of the Indian states. The country has won
eight Olympic gold medals in field hockey. Kabaddi, an indigenous sport is popular in rural India.
Several games originated in India including Chess, Snooker and other regional games. India has won
medals in Badminton, Kabaddi, Hockey and many other sports and disciplines. Cricket is the most
played sport followed by Badminton and Football. Cricket is also the most popular sport in India, the
other popular sports being Badminton, Football, Tennis, Hockey, and Kabaddi,Roller Hockey. India
also hosts several major events associated with Tennis, Badminton, Hockey etc.
Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports, Patiala India which is also Asia's largest Sports Institutes
housed in the palatial monumental building and sprawling lawns built by the erstwhile Maharaja of
Patiala whose descendants dedicated this complex for the promotion of sports to the people of India.
This Institute is popularly known as the "Mecca" of Indian Sports and has produced Coaches of high
caliber.
This Institute is popularly known as the “Mecca” of Indian Sports and has produced Coaches of high
caliber and significantly contributed in rendering their expertise and assistance in the
preparation of the national teams for various International competitions. Housed in the
erstwhile Palace of Maharaja (King) of Patiala (Punjab), National Institute of Sports, which is
now the Academic Wing of the Sports Authority of India was established by the Government
of India on 7th May, 1961 with the objective of developing sports in the country on Scientific
lines and to train the Coaches in different sports disciplines. The Institute was renamed as
Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports (NSNIS) on 23rd January, 1973.
The Institute is housed in an area of 268 acres. The Institute has enormous facilities for academic
programmes & sports training and 4 hostels for the comfortable stay of the students, national
players and coaches. The Institute is having 115 rooms which houses the office, library,
museum, class rooms & staff club. One Guest House with lounge & conference hall is
situated in the Institutes green belt. Department of Sports Medicine is providing all medical
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assistance to the players, students and staff. The sports training facilities are of international
standard comprising of Gymnasium, Swimming Pool, Indoor Halls, Cycling Velodrome,
Squash Courts, Conditioning Units, Hockey Fields (Grass & synthetic), Athletic Track
(Cinder & synthetic) & Out Door Courts. For the recovery of players well maintained Sauna
Bath, Steam Bath and Hydrotherapy facilities are available.
1.2 Context & Need
Our indian government have conduct several inter-competition gaming like pro-kabbadi , indian
premier league for cricket , indian super league for football and indian hockey league for hockey,
tamilnadu is also take part in all competition but in our tamilnadu there is no single space for host a
single game. Tamilnadu is Manchester of southern part of India Madurai district is second largest in
population of the 32 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu, in southeastern India . In 2016 tamilnadu had
started tamilnadu premier cricket Mariyappan Thangavelu became the first Indian to win a gold medal
in the T 42 high jump event of the Paralympic games in Rio de Janiero this show that tamil nadu
athletes have talent but no proper practice court for athletes. list of sports that comes under one roof
are
 Athletic track and feild event
 Physical fitness centre
 Hand ball , volley ball , hockey
 Badminton
 Kabbadi
 Futsal football
sports are all forms of usually competitive physical activity or games which, through casual or
organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing
enjoyment to participants, and in some cases, entertainment for spectators.
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1.3 Aims and Objectives

To design and create a world class Institution with modern technologies and interactive spaces.
The design also focuses on integrating the elements of traditional architecture of Tamilnadu along
with the contemporary architecture and its materials.
The design aims in creating a barrier free environment for the students where the design will include
open spaces which will be functionally flexible.
Every academic institution becomes an integral part of the society and hence the design will not only
aim at creating an sports campus but also aids in becoming a pride to that place.
 To take into account of its surroundings and the microclimate of the site.
 Adapting shading & breathing devices from tamilnadu’s rich architectural heritage
courtyards, pergolas, screen walls, deep recessed windows and colonnades.
 Providing strong vistas toward the landscape, terrace gardens.
 Have a world class campus with modern equipped training and recreational activities.
 To integrate the services required for the fitness .
 To integrate day lighting and natural views for the stadium and create environment user
friendly
 The facility would serve people from the Madurai city to get super training and experience
without travelling to Coimbatore or Chennai
 It would serve the sports college student to gain a better fitness and trainee
 It will address the issue of over crowding at sport
1.4 Scope and Limitations
This project is fully constructed with bamboo architecture and aerated brick to create the
place passive cooling
Designed space is well natural light and ventilated to make athletes user-friendly
Objective of the project is to provide badminton court , kabaddai court , football come
athletic track and field event , fitness centre and hockey court
The study of sport cente is limited to certain standard function and dimension to design
The site location and condition is already determained
Stutural and estimation can not be detailed
Master plan of the stadium and any one of the stadium has be detailed
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1.5 Hypothesis and Research
 The shaping of the public realm and the modulation of the transitions between public and
private are important in encouraging social interaction.
 The new campus represents a unique opportunity to provide an innovative environment where
models of working are more interactive and where a sharing culture prevails.
 The planning of Academic and Housing zones are brought together to generate continual -
Live, Work,Play spaces that encourage academic as well as social interaction.
1.6 Methodology
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2.1 Dr. M.G.R Stadium - Madurai
Name of the project - Dr.M.G.Rstadium

Location - Madurai , tamil nadu
Capacity - 10,000
Renovated - 2012
Surface - polyurethane
The MGR Race Course Stadium is a well-known stadium in Madurai, India. It hosts several
sporting events including both, national and international Kabaddi Championships This stadium
provides an attractive sports venue to its citizens, and adds a special feature to its home city. Recently,
a paralympic sports meeting was organized. Facilities at MGR Race Course Stadium include a world-
class synthetic track. The stadium includes several other amenities for athletes, including badminton
courts, basketball courts, a cricket field, a football field, tennis courts, and a swimming pool.
LOCATION :
Madurai is a major city and cultural headquarters in the state of Tamil Nadu in India.
It is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District and the 31st largest urban
agglomeration in India.
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Madurai is the third largest city by population in Tamil Nadu.

Located on the banks of River Vaigai, Madurai has been a major settlement for two
millennia and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.
GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE :
Madurai is located at 9.93°N 78.12°E.

It has an average elevation of 101 metres. The city of Madurai lies on the flat and
fertile plain of the river Vaigai, which runs in the northwest-southeast direction
through the city, dividing it into two almost equal halves.
The Sirumalai and Nagamalai hills lie to the north and west of Madurai.
The land in and around Madurai is utilised largely for agricultural activity, which is
fostered by the Periyar Dam.
Madurai lies southeast of the western ghats, and the surrounding region occupies
the plains of South India and contains several mountain spurs
The soil type in central Madurai is predominantly clay loam, while red loam and
black cotton types are widely prevalent in the outer fringes of the city.
TRANSPORT TO STADIUM :
Arappalayam bus stand - 5.7 km

Mattuthavai bus stand - 2.8 km
Railway station - 4.8 km
airport station - 19.9 km
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ORIENTATION :
Building is aligned with its long sides along NW and SE axis, facilitating good exposure to
the sun andbreeze at time causing glare
Different blocks of building complex are placed according to the site line . All the peripheral
building lines
are parallel to the site lines
Openings for light and ventilation have been sacrificed for aesthetic considerations than
climatic comfort
STRUCTURE OF BUILDING :
This complex is based on frame structure - square module has been followed up...
The roofing is done with waffle slabs (1.7m x 1.7m) thus providing a columnfree space of
6.85 sq.m
The external thickness acts as adequate sun protection for the windows , providing insulation
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MATERIAL USED IN THE BUILDING :
STRUCTURE - RCC and brick walls
CLADDING - random rubble stone masonry on some part of the plinth , wall in some places
cement plastering and sandle white color finish
FLOOR FINISH - Black granite and white marble check flooring in admin block and plain
cement floor finish in MGR stadium and also in indoor stadium
FACADE TREATMENT - It just arched entrance and stadium is cantilever slab with
cement plastering painted in white
COURT - Every court in this stadium is synthetic court with proper maintains
SPORTS FACILITIES AVAILBLE IN Dr.MGR STADIUM :
OUT - DOOR EVENT :
1. 400mts synthetic athletic track ............... 1

2. Basket ball synthetic court .......................2
3. Football Grass field .................................1
4. tennis synthetic courts ............................2
mud court .............................1
5. hockey court ...........................................1
6. volleyball courts .....................................3
7. handball court ........................................ 1
8. kabaddi court ......................................... 1
9. kho - kho court ...................................... 1
10. tennikoit cement court ......................... 4
mud court ........................ 3
11. boxing ring ......................................... 1
12. swimming pool .................................. 1
13. cricket net practice pitch ..................... 3
14. differntly abled sports ground .............. 1
15. 100 mts synthetic track ....................... 1
16. sand running track ............................... 1
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IN - DOOR EVENT:
1. Badminton indoor hall synthetic ............. 4

wooden court .............. 3
2. Table tennis court ................................... 1
3. Fitness centre with ac ............................. 1
4. multi purpose hall with roof .................... 1
( gymnastics , fencing & yoga)
CONCLUSION :
 The infastructure of the stadium is not properly designed and planned

 Each and every court is properly maintained and well condition for national level
 There is no planned landscape element and site should designed detail
 There is no signage board to direct the people and no dust-bin
 No proper drinking water and rest room facilities including clock room
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2.2 ANNA Stadium - Madurai
Full name - Anna stadium

Owner - government of Tamilndu
Location - khajamalai , trichy
Outdoor temperature - max 38c to min 28c
Total area - 31.25 acres (1,361,250.12sqft)
Capacity - 8,000 pepple
Renovated - 2009
The Anna Stadium is a sports complex located in the Indian city of Tiruchirappalli.
Constructed in 1970, it is spread over an area of 31.25 acres (12.65 ha).The complex also
houses a multi-purpose indoor stadium and has separate courts for sports such as tennis,
basketball, football and volleyball.
It also has an Astro turf Hockey ground and a 400 metres (1,300 ft) athletic track.
The stadium also includes a gymnasium, swimming pool and a sports hostel.
The complex is located in Khajamalai, a suburb of Tiruchirappalli. The main football and
athletics stadium, Anna Stadium, has a capacity of 20,000.
LOCATION :
 Tiruchirappalli is situated in central south-eastern India, almost at the geographic centre of the
state of Tamil Nadu.
 The Kaveri Delta begins to form 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the city where the river
divides into two streams the Kaveri and the Kollidamto form the island of Srirangam.
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Tiruchirappalli experiences a tropical savanna climate with no major change in temperature between
summer and winter.The climate is generally characterised by high temperature and low humidity.
With an annual mean temperature of 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) and monthly average temperatures ranging
between 25 °C (77 °F) and 32 °C (90 °F)
The city of Tiruchirappalli lies on the plains between the Shevaroy Hills to the north and the
Palni Hills to the south and south-west.
Tiruchirappalli is completely surrounded by agricultural fields. Densely populated industrial

and residential areas have recently been built in the northern part of the city, and the
southern edge also has residential areas.
Central bus stand - 3.8 km

Chatram bus stand - 7.5 km
Airport station - 4.3 km
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ORIENTATION :
Building is aligned with its long sides along NW and SE axis, facilitating good exposure to the sun
and breeze at time causing glare
Different blocks of building complex are placed according to the site line . All the peripheral building
lines are parallel to the site lines
Openings for light and ventilation have been sacrificed for aesthetic considerations than climatic
comfort
STRUCTURE OF BUILDING :
This complex is based on frame structure - square module has been followed up...
The roofing is done metalic sheet and projected cantlever beam and it colored with white and brown
The external thickness acts as adequate sun protection for the windows , providing insulation.
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MATERIAL USED IN THE BUILDING :
STRUCTURE - RCC and brick walls
CLADDING - random rubble stone masonry on some part of the plinth , wall in some places
cement plastering and sandle white color finish
FLOOR FINISH - vertified tiles with granite check flooring in admin block and plain cement
floor finish in stadium and also in indoor stadium
FACADE TREATMENT - It just arched entrance and stadium is cement plastering

painted in white and column projected
COURT - Every court in this stadium is synthetic court with proper maintains
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SPORTS FACILITIES AVAILBLE IN ANNA STADIUM :
OUT - DOOR EVENT:
1. 400mts synthetic athletic track ............... 1

2. Basket ball mud court .............................2
3. Football Grass field .................................1
4. tennis synthetic courts ............................3
5. hockey court ...........................................1
6. volleyball courts .....................................3
7. handball court ........................................ 1
8. kabaddi court ......................................... 3
9. kho - kho court ...................................... 1
10. boxing ring ......................................... 1
11. swimming pool .................................. 1
12. 100 mts synthetic track ....................... 1
13. sand running track ............................... 1
IN - DOOR EVENT :
1. Badminton indoor hall synthetic ............. 2

wooden court .............. 1
2. Table tennis court ................................... 1
3. Fitness centre ......................................... 2
4. multi purpose hall with roof .................... 1
( gymnastics , fencing & yoga)
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CONCLUSION :
The infastructure of the stadium is not properly designed and planned
Each and every court is properly maintained and well condition
There is no planned landscape element and site should designed detail
There is no signage board to direct the people and no dust-bin
No proper drinking water and rest room facilities including clock room
Seating in the stadium is not properly maintain
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2.3 INDHRA GANDHI SPORTS COMPLEX , NEW DELHI
Full name - Indira Gandhi Sports Complex

Location - Indraprastha estate , New Delhi
Owner - Government of Delhi
Land area - 110 acres
Type - Indoor stadium with new three tier
standing seam roof
Construction cost - 240 crore
Seating capacity - 15,000 fixed seats
Total floor area - 18000 sqm
Entrance - 4 Ramps for 1st floor seating
,staircase & lifts
Renovated - 2010
INTRODUCTION :
Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, is located at the Indraprastha Estate in the eastern region of New
Delhi, It is the largest indoor sports arena in India and the third-largest in Asia.
Built by the Government of India in 1982 in order to host the indoor games events in the 1982
Asian Games, the arena's grounds cover an area of 102 acres (0.41 km2).
Since its construction, the arena hosted a number of other tournaments as well. The facility
seats 14,348 people and is named after former Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi.
The venue hosts several political events, music events and sports events like tennis and
kabaddi.
It was renovated for the 2010 Commonwealth Games at a cost of Rs. 240 crore.
A new air-conditioned Velodrome has been built costing Rs 150 crore (U$33.76 million).
LOCATION :
Delhi officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory
of India.
It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east. It is the most
expansive city in India about 1,484 square kilometres (573 sq mi).
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Delhi features an a typical version of the humid subtropical climate.
The warm season lasts from 9 April to 8 July with an average daily high temperature above
36 °C (97 °F). The hottest day of the year is 22 May, with an average high of 38 °C (100 °F)
and low of 25 °C (77 °F).
Temperatures in Delhi usually range from 5 to 40 °C (41.0 to 104.0 °F), with the lowest and
highest temperatures ever recorded being −2.2 and 48.4 °C (28.0 and 119.1 °F) respectively.
Indira Gandhi Sports Complex is located on the western bank of Yamuna River, in close proximity to the
Delhi Secretariat (to its East) and the historical Ferozshah Kotla citadel (to its West). Built in the year 1982
to host the indoor sports events of the Asian Games, it is spread over an area of 102 acres.
The stadium, the largest indoor stadium in India, is being equipped with intricate audio and lighting
systems, making it adequate for High Definition Television (HDTV) transmission.
EXISTING WATER SURFACE :
An artificial lake has been provided on the southern side of the site , which gets filled up with water
from the Yamuna river running on the eastern side of the site .
APPROACH ROAD , NATURE OF TRAFFIC :
The stadium is approachable from all the four sides , though the western plaza is mostly used because
of the presence of the bus terminal near this side . The site is abutted on the west by the Indraprastha
flyover which has a branch road 80’-0” wide serving the stadium .
The northern and eastern roads hardly carry any traffic . The railway lines on one side of the site
which along with well worked out road pattern nearby make access and departure for the vehicular
and pedestrian traffic easy .
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THE DESIGNERS :
o The strodome at Houston and the superdome at New Orleans are two giants in indoor stadium
in the world .
o Professor Z . S. Makowski , world renowned expert in design and structural analysis of the
space research centre , survey UK.
o The design of the dome was conceived by M/S Sharat Das Architect and Design Consortium
who had the partners M/S Itadkar Associates , Bombay , M/S Manak N . Dastar , Delhi , M/S
Shashi Prabhu and Associates ,Bombay , M/S Pathare Architects , Bombay . Roofdesigned by
Triveni Structural .
CONCEPT :
The most important factor, which influenced the design concept of this stadium,was time. The entire
work was required to be completed within 72 months for holding the IXAsian Games, where the
architects and engineers worked as a team.
The analyzed problems evolved the basic requirements of architectural and industrial design
concept. The stadium had to seat 25,000 spectators and provide a parking place for various
categories. All these factors together dictated the design concept.
THE COMPLEX :
The 110 acres complex has almost 40 acres in the form of landscaped areas . The stadium is circular
in plan , has both its axis emphasized by strong statements in the form of pedestrian walkways . These
walkways , originating from the periphery , culminate at the stadium in the form of plazas ,
earmarking the entry points as well as large gathering space for spectators . All public entries are
connecting directly to the plaza which serve as a massing movement for 6000 spectators through each
plaza .
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In between two public plazas , there is a vehicle entry which reaches upto the stadium following the
convention of public and VIP entries . The public vehicles have their entries on the west (Gate C) ,
North (Gate D and F) and East (Gate G) roads . The Gate 1 on the east side is meant for the players
where as the Gate C serves for both private and service vehicles . The service block comes upto the
maintainance block which is placed in north side of the stadium plan .
The circular administrative block abuts the stadium to the South West while a similar looking
coaching block is on the South East . Beyond the coaching block is the three winged players block .
To the north of the stadium lies the Yamuna Velodrome , though an essential part of the complex , yet
an entity in itself . To the North East , almost on the periphery , is the plant room
PLAZAS FOR SPECTATORS :
In order to maintain and aid proper functioning of the stadium , four public plazas
have been created which help easy movement of large number of spectators in and out
of the main stadium , It can also cater to the movement of spectators between the
events
INDOOR STADIUM :
Land Area = 110 acres
Land occupied by stadium = 14416 sq. mts .
Total area of arena = 60 m X 78 m = 4680 sq. mts .
Height of stadium = 42 mts .
Power Requirements = 5500 Kw
Number of flood lights = Main lights : 216 ( 2 kw each )
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Emergency lights : 72 ( 1.5 kw each )
Seating Capacity = 25000
Number of gates = 42 : Outer 10 nos . and inner 32 nos .
Length of internal roads = 24.5 kms
Construction Agency = Delhi Development Authority ( DDA)
Name of consultant = Sharat Das and Designs Consortium .
Number of toilets = 92
Quantity of Structural steel consumed = 1900 M.T.
Total area of roof = 18000 sq. mts.
Length of walkways in the roof = 1.73 kms.
Length of last row = 500 mts .
Parking areas = 20 acres ( 80,000 sq.mts.)
The main stadium , 150 mts in diameter , 42 mts height at the apex has a rather interesting structural
steel roof , and the entire structure is supported on eight R.C.C. pylons . The roofing is of corrugated
aluminium sheets , which acting as reflecting surface , helps in reducing the head load for centrally air
conditioned space inside .
The playing arena measuring 60 mts X 78 mts , matches with the best in the world . Built almost 1200
mm above built up ground level , the entire floor rests on a series of leveling devices which can make
meticulous adjustments if necessary , to ensure a perfect level surface .
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The seating capacity for the stadium is 25000 spectators . However , the provision of a foldable sound
absorbing partition , a unique feature , enables this stadium to be divided into two parts , in a short
span of seven minutes , each part quite independent of the other .
During the games , the stadium was venue for gymnastics , volley ball , badminton . However , other
disciplines , like basket ball , table tennis , boxing , wrestling , hand ball , weight lifting , can be held
with ease . Provisions have been made to enable holding of cultural and musical shows and even large
scale exhibitions . The National Philatelic exhibition was a roaring success .
The entire stadium is divided into Three main levels : Ground level ( 0.0 lvl) ; Intermediate Podium
level ( + 3.9 m lvl ) ; and Foyer level ( + 8.1 m lvl ) .
Ground Level :
a) the ground level is reserved for the players , organizers , the media people , the maintainance
staff , handicapped people and the VIP’s . The players have their lounges , change rooms ,
massage rooms , medical aid and physiotheraphy room and dope testing room at one end ,
which in turn are directly linked to the players entry . On the other side are the offices of the
media people , with their individual storage areas , and these rooms are built on either side of
the service entry . The VIP’s have independent entry through VIP foyers , one each on North
and South side . There are separate lounges and snack bar facilities for VIP’s .
b) The podium and foyer levels are strictly meant for spectators .
c) Basic amenities like bars , toilets , drinking fountains , enquiry booths , lost and found
department , first aid posts and public telephones have been provided at both levels , and special
care has been taken to lead the spectators to the areas .
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SEATING LAYOUT :
Total capacity 25000 , there is also seating provision for VIP’s at arena level . These seats are
retractable . The space for press is provided in the seating area but with a writing table and telephone
etc . The circular form of arena hall maintains a uniformity in the vision line . Each seat in the outline
seating area and score boards are free from any obstructions visually and is made comfortable with
perfect lighting , air conditioning and sound system .
The access of spectators into banks of seating are from three level i.e. first is at podium level +3.9 m ,
second at foyer level +9.10 m and third at 14.1 m i.e. from pylon stairways . There are four
emergency exits at the arena level for players as well as for spectators of lower tier , for upper tier
spectators an emergency exit stairways and from their to the foyer level and then to the podium level .
CENTRAL AREA :
The central area has the basic shape of a circle at 78 m diameter , out of which two segment having
chord lengths of 60 m have been symmetrically carved out to accommodate VIP seating area . The top
layer of the flooring is teak wood due to which sports like gymnastics , badminton , table tennis ,
boxing and other non sporting events can be held with ease . To check the traveling of sound waves
from one part to another , the entire wooden floor is divided into two parts by a 3 mm air gap
The central area can be divided into two equal halves with the help of a vertically flexible partition ,
150 m long and 41 m high . It enables the stadium to be bisected visually and acoustically . The
partition consists of four layers of heavy duty polyester reinforced fabric with air gaps in between .
The lower 22 m foldable partition can be raised or lowered at the press of button in seven minutes . It
weighs about 61 tonnes and costs 150 lacs .
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ARENA FLOORING :
The arena floor has a basic shape of circle of 75 m diameter out of which two segments having chord
lengths of 60 m have been symmetrically curved out to accommodate VIP seating area . The choice of
wood for the floor depends on resistance to wear , resilience , thermal insulation , appearan ce and
ease of maintainance
TOWERS :
The eight towers which forms the basic structural support to the roof above has been designed to
accommodate all arena lighting services , A.H.U’s , a grand staircase for spectators and other
ancillaries . These end towers had to be constructed first for supporting the roof structure . They serve
as rigid masts for erection of steel trusses around them . The towers rise to approximately 11 mts
above roof level and are finished with a chamfered tip .
DESIGN OF THE ROOF :
The main supports are provided at Eight towers called pylons located peripherally on each apex joint
of an octagon guy cables are used to suspend the roof from the pylons . The contemplated roofing
system is a central raised portion over the central compression ring measuring 40 mm in diameter
which is connected to the Pylons through eight girders forming the valley of the roof .
The octagonal lotus like roof structure , covering an area larger than the cricket grounds , at the chords
, has its lowest points at about 23 mts and the apex of the roof at 41.5 mts from the ground level .
The whole structure can be broadly divided into three parts , namely : Central compression ring –
which rises in the segmental areas between the main reinforced concrete towers, Peripheral portion
between circumferential girders , the Pylons and the tip of the ridge
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CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM :
The precast members , 80 cms in width and 50 cms high , on the beam , fixes the framework of the
seats on it . The metal strip on the edges of the precast members fixes the steel frame of the chair to
itself . The steel frame is welded on the steel pegs which are laid on a distance of 2 mts . On this steel
frame , two steel pipes of 20 mm diameter are welded . On top of this , the blow past chairs are
screwed .
The roof structure being of steel had the central compression ring of 40 m diameter . This supported
lattice type steel girders .
The effective span of the roof was reduced by the introduction of V-shaped walls within the stadium .
These walls do not cause any discomfort , but instead have helped reduce the span from 155 mts to
135 mts . The walls have been so designed so that the secondary girders could be spanned between
alternate supports giving further benefit of the effective reduced span . The superstructure of the
building is of concrete , while the roof structure and ties of steel .
FOLDABLE SOUND RESISTING PARTITION :
A 155 mts long and 41 mts high sound insulating partition has been provided in the stadium which
would enable it to be divided into two halves , both visually and acoustically separate . Special
provisions for acoustical seating have been made all along the perimeter of the partition . The
acoustical seats are inserted specially along the seating tiers , where the partition had to follow the
counters of the seats .
The surface area partition is 5000 m
Weight of the lower portion of the moving curtain = 61 tonnes
Weight of the fixed upper portion = 25 tonnes
Weight of the steel work hung from the roof to support this partition = 36 tonnes
INTER - CONNECTION OF SPACES :
A person entering the stadium is first exposed to the plazas which can accommodate approximately
6000 people. From the plaza , one can enter the corridor which then leads him to the interior of the
stadium .
The movement from the interior to the exterior is emphasized by projected triangulated pylons , which
serve the additional function of supporting the roof structure .
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SPATIAL ORDER AND ORGANIZATION :
Had it not been the vertical towers which form suitable emphasizing points for the structure ,
the building would have looked monotonous .
The organization at the roof level helps to reduce the weight of the structure by the employment
of high tensile steel ties which are slender contrasting with the solidity of the form of the
stadium .
The massiveness of the structure can be felt inside the stadium due to the uncovered structure
exposed beneath the roof .
ROOF INSULATION :
The roofing purlins were installed after the decenteringoperation. Special anti-
corrosive paint treatment was providedfor the junction area of dissimilar metals as the roofing sheet is
made of Aluminium. Stretched piano wires were used to keepthe top of the purlin in required place. Si
nce the span of theroof exceeds 140m. 12 temporary supports right under theouter shell location and 4
under compression ring were used atthe time of the erection.
AIR – CONDITIONING :
The A.C. system at I.G. Stadium is centrally chilled watersystem with suitable AHU situated at differe
nt locations:
The primary chilled water delivery (40c) into undergroundinsulated mild steel pipes running as a ring
main around thestadium.
Secondary chilled water circuit placed in the building on thesurface above false ceiling or trenches. Fr
om here the pipes goto the different AHU’s.
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It is through AHU’s that the chilled water is pumped. TheAHU is provided at two levels. A large AH
U is situated at 23.3m level, each having two centrifugal fans.
Conditioned air is fanned through insulated GI sheets ductsabove the false ceiling, except in the arena
and seats where it istaken through the underground system of concrete return airducts leading to the to
wers.
FIRE FIGHTING :
The fire fighting system for stadium consists of
Fire detection
Fire fighting
There are various detectors and alarms in the stadium. In eachtower one wet riser has been provided w
hich maintains apressure head of 80m of water. This wet riser is provided withfire hydrant outlets at t
he level -3.9m, +0.8m and +16madjacent to the tower of the arena.
4 hydrants and a portable fire extinguishers provided atselected location in complex having already co
vered ancillarybuildings.
LIGHTING SYSTEM FOR INDOOR STADIUM :
The lighting system which has been provided for the stadium has several alternate switching systems .
The switching arrangements provided is capable of providing the illumination in three stages :
Stage No. 1 : 400 lux (vertical) and 600 lux (horizontal) for practice
Stage No. 2 : 800 lux (vertical) and 1000 lux (horizontal) for black and white TV coverage
Stage No. 3 : 1400 lux (vertical) and 1800 lux (horizontal) for TV coverage
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ACOUSTICS AND AUDIO SYSTEM :
The stadium has been provided with appropriate acousticaltreatment and equipped with integrated aud
io communicationsystems matching not only functional needs but alsomagnificence and dignity of sta
dium design.
Main stadium divisible into two halves by a collapsible soundresisting partition. All available ceiling
and peripheral verticalwalls have been acoustically treated.
For meetings, speeches or musical functions, additionalequipment and high fidelity portable loudspea
kers areprovided. Other facilities include remote area calling intercom,paging etc.
OTHER SERVICES :
PA system for spectators and the competitors.
8 intercom stations integrated with those of the main indoorstadium with wireless paging.Start synchr
onization, mainrecall timing system, photo finish apparatus, video equipmentfor accurate and speed m
onitoring.Even lighting and standbypower source.
PARKING :
o Separate entry for the VIP.

o cycle parking at the other end of the site.
o two-wheelers parking.
o 400,300,400,300 car- parking in break to segregatepedestrian and vehicular movement.
o buses and hired vehicle parking.
o All the parking facilities cover about 8 hectares of thesite.
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FENESTRATIONS :
Beyond the last tier of seats , the circular openings are provided with Venetian blinds .This is the only
provision of lighting through openings . Each of these openings have a diameter of approximately 2’-
0” .
INFERENCES :
o The circular seating facilitates no obstruction in view . For this the roof is adopted which is
stable and self supporting on the periphery of the seating tiers .
o All services have been combined and placed in the pylons , which imparts simplicity to the
structure .
o Four entry points from four plazas for the spectators at the podium level and the four entries
at foyer level with separate snacks counter , toilet , drinking water facilities are sufficient for
the peak hours .
o The complex has a harmonized landscape .
o Lighting of metal halide lamps create glare, aninconvenience to the player and the spectators.
o The concept of having indoor stadium as a focus of design is quite viable on behalf of its
function and role on the sports complex, the circulation pattern based on the convention of
separate pedestrian movement and vehicular paths terminating into parking is good enough in
conceptual form, but when physically manifested on the site ,care must be taken of the
intersections and the use of round abouts. Also a considerable thought must be given to the
approach from the parking areas to the plazas.
o A predominantly green landscape with some variation in colour and texture is a product of
scale patches of grass should be used considering the cardinal rule of the pedestrian
circulation. Pedestrians should be provided with the short possible route.
o Paving should be provided on all the possible circulation route to avoid tracks on grass.
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2.4 BEIJING NATIONAL OLYMPIC STADIUM
INTRODUCTION :
Beijing National Stadium, officially the National Stadium also known as the Bird's Nest is
a stadium in Beijing, china. The stadium (BNS) was a joint venture among architects Jacques Herzog
and Pierre de Meuron of Herzog & de Meuron, project architect Stefan Marbach, artist Ai Weiwei,
and CADG which was led by chief architect Li Xinggang. The stadium was designed for use
throughout the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics and will be used again in the 2022 Winter
Olympics and Paralympics. The stadium is currently mostly unused, after having been unsuccessfully
suggested as the permanent headquarters of the Beijing soccer team.
ARCHITECTS BRIEF:
 Year of birth – 1950
 Nationality - swiss
 Education – swiss federal institute of technology (ETH) in Zurich
 Awards :
i) 2001pritzker prize
ii) 2009 lubetkin prize for the Beijing national stadium
 Selected projects :
i) 2000 Tate modern,BanksideLondon , UK
ii) 2005 Allianz arena football stadium , Munich
iii) Beirut Terraces , Beirut , Lebanon
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 Building type – stadium

 Owner – chinese government
 Number of floor – three but actually 20 stories of an
ordinary building
 Height – 70 meters
 Wide – 296 meters
 Long – 320 meters
 Architects – Herzog & De Meuron
 Structural Engineer – Ove Arup & partners
 Spectators – 91000
 Inauguration – 28.06.2008
 Construction - 12.2002-06.2008
 Cost : - $300m
CONCEPT:
Concept inspired by old chinese art
 Sweeping lines arranged around a circular vessel

 China’s lead artists Ai Weiwei
 Inspired them to push the limits
HISTORY:
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Located at the Olympic Green, the stadium cost US$428 million. The design was awarded to a
submission from the Swiss architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron in April 2003 after a bidding
process that included 13 final submissions. The design, which originated from the study of Chinese
ceramics, implemented steel beams in order to hide supports for the retractable roof; giving the
stadium the appearance of a bird's nest. Leading Chinese artist Ai Weiwei was the artistic consultant
on the project. The retractable roof was later removed from the design after inspiring the stadium's
most recognizable aspect. Ground was broken on 24 December 2003 and the stadium officially
opened on 28 June 2008. A shopping mall and a hotel are planned to be constructed to increase use of
the stadium, which has had trouble attracting events, football and otherwise, after the Olympics.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION :
Beijing National Stadium (BNS) was a joint venture among architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de
Meuron of Herzog & de Meuron, project architect Stefan Marbach, artist Ai Weiwei, and CADG
which was led by chief architect Li Xinggang.During their first meeting in 2003, at Basel, the group
decided to do something unlike Herzog and de Meuron had traditionally designed. "China wanted to
have something new for this very important stadium," Li stated.
In an effort to design a stadium that was "porous" while also being "a collective building, a public
vessel", the team studied Chinese ceramics, This line of thought brought the team to the "nest
scheme". The stadium consists of two independent structures, standing 50 feet apart: a red concrete
seating bowl and the outer steel frame around it.
DESIGN DETAIL :
35
STEEL STRUCTURE:
 24 beams in the form of trusses encircling the concrete bowl

 The stadium is earthquake proof
 Each beam 1000 tons
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 A second set of beams fills in the empty of the beams of the first set
 They link all the beams to form a braided structure
 Beijing Bird’s is designed to withstand earthquakes rated at 8.0 Richter scale
A third set of beams

support the stairways
that connect the
multiple levels and
provides a frame for
the roof membrane
covering
 The structural elements mutually support each other and converge into a spatial grid- like
formation, in which facades , stairs, bowl, structure and roof are integrated
 The massive steel structure resists lateral loads
 The load is broken down through the lattice of steel while weakened
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 The core portion of the building carries the dead load of the concrete structure as well as
the live load of people totalling to 13,122 tons
 The load is transferred directly to the plinth foundation as distributed load as shown
below
ROOF STRUCTURE:
 The loads at each intersection are split between themembers and transferred downward
 The red points indicate the transfer connection were load impact is felt most significantly
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The stadium uses

geothermal energy to
chill and heat the water
that runs through the
HVAC system
The piping to do that is
located beneath the
main athletic field
 This membrane provides rain wind protection . it also saves energy

 Sunshine filters through the roof to light the building
 Keep the noise in
LIST OF EVENTS:
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RUNNING TRACK DETAIL
The Track comprises 2 semicircles, each with a radius of 36.50m, which are joined by two straights,
each 84.39m in length. The Trackhas 8, 6 or occasionally 4 lanes but the last is not used for
international running competition. All lanes have a width of 1.22m ± 0.01m.
LONG JUMB DETAIL :
40
The run up track must be at least 40m long. The runway is the same width as a track lane: 1.22m. The
take-off board is 20cm long, including a soft strip at the back that will show impressions on foul
jumps. The landing pit is filled with sand and must be at least 9m long and 2.75m wide.
HIGH JUMB DETAIL:
41
POLE VAULT DETAIL:
Pole vaulting is a track and field event in which a person uses a long, flexible pole (which today is
usually made either of fiberglass or carbon fiber) as an aid to jump over a bar. Pole jumping
competitions were known to the ancien Greeks, Cretansand Celts. It has been a full medal event at
the Olympic Games since 1896 for men and 2000 for women.
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JAVILEN THROW DETAIL:
The javelin throw is a track and field event where the javelin, a spear about 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) in
length, is thrown. The javelin thrower gains momentum by running within a predetermined area.
Javelin throwing is an event of both the men's decathlon and the women's heptathlon.
CONCLUSION:
Initially I thought this stadium boasted an iconic design,and finding out all of the technical
innovations that went into it, Ibelieve this is one of the most overall creative building I’ve ever seen
I learned that when building systems work together in more than one way , the building itself becomes
more extraordinary . Form what I understand , the design idea started from ceramics and evolved into
a “bird’s nest”.
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2.5 IRWIN INDOOR PRACTICE - USA
INTRODUCTION:
In November of 2000, the doors opened at the state-of-the-art Irwin Indoor Practice Facility, which
began construction in June of 1999. Designed by RATIO Architects of Indianapolis and Severns-Reid
and Associates and Isaksen-Glerum PC Architects, the $12.5 million facility was constructed using
private donations, including the initial gift of $7.5 million, given by the Irwin Family Foundation,
which was also responsible for the building of the Irwin Academic Services Center.
The floor of the 77,327 square-foot, 80-yard field is covered by AstroPlay, an artificial turf surface
with the feel of natural grass. Its long strands make for fewer injuries and a softer surface. The Irwin
Indoor Practice Facility is located just east of the Intramural Physical Education Building adjacent to
the Fighting Illini football locker room and the outdoor football practice fields allowing flexibility to
work indoors or outdoors during the different seasons.
DESIGN BRIEF:
44
In order to satisfy the space and programming demands of a modern Big Ten athletic department, the
University of Illinois decided to build a new on-campus indoor athletic practice facility. Intended
primarily for the football program with some limited secondary use by soccer, baseball, softball and
golf athletic programs, the building would need to be highly functional, efficient and flexible while
blending in to the University’s campus renowned for its beauty and traditional collegiate design.
ARCHITECTS:
RATIO designed the resulting Irwin Indoor Practice Facility to respond to the historic context of the
adjacent Memorial Stadium, as well as the more recent Intramural Physical Education building. In an
effort to reduce the impact of the new facility on this important site, the design team recessed the
structure into the ground approximately eight feet to be compatible with the scale of the adjacent
buildings. Additionally, the facility’s exterior is composed of brick and limestone detailing to reflect
the traditional materials used on existing campus buildings.
The facility features an eighty-yard practice field, a training room and associated support spaces, and
natural lighting that spans the length of the facility.
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The facility features a semi-parabolic dome slanted roof which reaches an internal height of 50 feet. A
large single arched box truss is utilized spanning the length of the playing field; this center truss is
arranged asymmetrically so that its spring point is higher at the south end and lower at the north end
allowing for place kicking into the south end netting. The multi-purpose facility also features
retractable netting which surrounds the field and can be used to split the facility in half. In addition to
this netting four full-size batting cages can be dropped from the ceiling for baseball and softball
batting practice.
FACILITIES:
It is an multi-propose indoor and outdoor training complex and sports provide in this complex are
 Foot ball
 Tennis
 Swimming
 Badminton
 Hockey
 Fustal football
DESIGN OF COMPLEX:
 The unique architectural design of the building fits with the historical significance and
architectural integrity of Memorial Stadium and surrounding University of Illinois buildings
with its red brick exterior and slanted roof. The exterior of the building is clad primarily with
the University blend brick, detailed with limestone and has some larger areas of articulated
metal panels in the color of limestone. The interior features a smooth wall surface and uses
both direct lighting fixtures and natural light.
 The baseball and softball teams utilize the facility for training purposes, mostly in the
preseason, although both teams will move practice indoors during the season when inclement
weather dictates. Winter baseball and softball camps are also held inside the facility. The
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soccer team utilizes the facility for early spring training purposes. Irwin Indoor Practice
Facility also serves as the home of the annual Illinois Indoor 7v7 tournament held every
February.
 In line with the Irwin Family Foundation's request the Division of Campus Recreation utilizes
the facility for select student groups when space is limited during the early months of the
spring semester.
SPORT DETAILS:FOOTBALL COURT
The pitch is rectangular in shape. The longer sides are called touchlines. The other opposing sides are
called the goal lines. The two goal lines must be between 45 and 90 m (50 and 100 yd) and be the
same length. The two touch lines must also be of the same length, and be between 90 and 120 m (100
and 130 yd) in length. All lines must be equally wide, not to exceed 12 centimetres (5 in). The corners
of the pitch are marked by corner flags.
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SPORT DETAILS: HOCKEY COURT
The hockey pitch is rectangular in shape. The longer perimeter edges are called the side line, the
opposing shorter edges are referred toe back line and the portion of this between the goal posts is
known as the goal line. The side line must measure 91.40 m (100 yd) and the back line should
measure 55.00 m (60 yd). There must be a minimum run-off of 2 m at the sidelines and 3 m at the
backlines which may be a different surface for the final metre. All line markings must be white and 75
millimetres wide. In each corner of the pitch, a corner flag of no more than 300 mm square is attached
to a post of height 1.20–1.50 m.
VIEW OF SPORT COMPLEX
48
2.6 KABADDI STADIUM - AHMEDABAD
INTRODUCTION:
The Arena is a multi-purpose stadium in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. The venue is a public-private
partnership between the government of Gujarat and TransStadia. It was opened in October 2016 to
host the Kabaddi World Cup.
The stadium seats 20,000 in its outdoor configuration, which is built to FIFA specifications. Using
technology licensed from the British firm StadiArena, a portion of the field can be partitioned into a
4,000-seat indoor arena. The stadium is currently named for its developer, TransStadia,
although naming rights will be sold at a later date.
CONCEPT :
 The idea was forged as early as 2008 and after the 2010 Commonwealth Games, more
steps were taken to make the dream a reality.
 The land for the project, given on a lease for 35 years at a nominal price, was allotted
in 2013 following a state cabinet approval in 2011. As per the concession agreement
signed with the Gujarat government’s tourism department, TransStadia will give
minimum 2% of their revenue to the state authorities for the development of sports in
Gujarat.
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 Well it is clearly a step in the right direction as India look to break out of being just a cricket
nation.
 This project will surely pave the way for future sports infrastructure projects in the country to
be developed by private companies.
 It has taken ideas from sports complexes all over the world including UK’s Wembley
Stadium, Tokyo Dome of Japan and Amsterdam Arena in the Netherlands.
PLAN DETAIL:
50
SECTION DETAIL :
 This section shows that the building height is 50.34 meters
51
 This in-door stadium has three story building and seating capacity of 20,000 people and is
trans for kabaddi stadium 2016 world cup
 Construction are in RCC structure and finished in pcc materials
 This stadium has two main entry and two fire exit and entire structure has one focus point at
centre
 Building has two story basement and semi-basement at 3 meter height and parking at second
floor
KABADDI COURT DETAIL :
Kabaddi is a contact sport that originated in ancient India. It is known by its regional names in
different parts of the subcontinent, such as Kapadi or "Chadukudu" in Tamil Nadu
It is one of the most popular sports in India, played mainly among people in villages.It is regarded as a
team-contact sport as a recreational form of combat training. Two teams occupy opposite halves of a
small field and take turns sending a raider into the other half, in order to win points by
tagging/wrestling members of the opposing team; the raider then tries to return to his own half while
holding his breath and chanting "kabaddi, kabaddi, kabaddi" during the whole raid. India has taken
part in four Asian Games in kabaddi, and won gold in all of them.
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2.6 STAG ACADEMY OF BADMINTON - CHENNAI
53
INTRODUCTION:
STAG Badminton Academy started recently in chennai on 12-04-2013. where we Inaugurated our
newly built Indoor Stadium exclusively made for Badminton.
The academy has been offering training from beginner up to advanced levels under the able guidance
of Mr.K.V.Thomas.
ABOUT COACHING
Mr K.V. Thomas began playing badminton at age 12.
At age 14, he began playing league badminton and quickly rose to first division standard.Without any
formal coaching, Thomas was a double winner of the area schools badminton tournament at age 18
and a year later became triple winner of this event.
Passion for badminton, and a keen desire to learn, ensured him to stick to the game even now.
ADVANTAGE OF STAG
54
2 IMPORTED SYNTHETIC COURTS
Why the switch over from grass? World over, there is a feeling that grass is not a practical surface.
One of the biggest advantage is It offers a true bounce and gives reasonable opportunity to both the
attacking and the defensive player.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
The STAG Academy of Badminton provides quality training and facilities at par with International
Standards.
SUPERIOR FACILITIES LIKE CHANGING ROOM
The STAG Academy of Badminton is housed in a state-of-the art facility with superior amenities like
Hygenic Toilets, RO water,Changing Rooms etc
BATMINTON COURT DETAIL
Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may
be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one player per
side) and "doubles" (with two players per side). Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity
in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court. Points are scored by
striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court.
3.1 AREATED BRICK
55
INDRODUCTION :
Efforts to improve the environment through conversion of waste materials into useful construction
products are fortified by the advent of ‘Cellular Light Weight Concrete’.This has created a large scope
for sustainable development among building material suppliers and high-end contractors. Although
the word ‘concrete’ is a misnomer here, it is the most common nomenclature used to explain aerated
lightweight building blocks.
In areas with high demand of burnt clay bricks, CLC bricks compete favourably as an alternate
material. These are very useful building products that reduce dead weight of structures and accelerate
the pace of construction when used as pre-cast elements for walling and flooring. Unfortunately, the
basic cost of the product (as delivered to the construction site) has been too high to be offset by the
economic gain accruing due to speed and lighter structure. It is for this reason that commonly
available varieties of CLC have not proved to very successful in India.
RAW MATERIALS :
The basic raw materials used in making CLC bricks are fly ash and sand. Lime or
cement (or a judicious mixture of the two) is used as binders.
The aeration is produced by a foaming agent. The most common and widely used
foaming agent is German developed and patented ‘Neopor’.
There are various techniques of making a CLC brick depending upon the investment
to be made and the productivity required.
However, the most economic option as per Indian conditions does not require
high-end sophisticated equipment. Major equipment required for production of high
quality CLC bricks are a mixer, a hydraulic press, a tunnel dryer and autoclaves.
All of this equipment is indigenous and available in industrial cities. Utilities required
for the production are power, steam (10-12 kg/sq.cm pressure) and water.
AAC is a highly thermally insulating concrete-based material used for both internal and
external construction. Besides AAC's insulating capability, one of its advantages in
construction is its quick and easy installation, because the material can be routed,
sanded, or cut to size on site using standard carbon steel power tools.
AAC is well suited for urban areas with high rise buildings and those with high temperature
56
variations.
Due to its lower density, high rise buildings constructed using AAC require less steel and
concrete for structural members.
The requirement of mortar for laying of AAC blocks is reduced due to the lower number of
joints. Similarly, the material required for rendering is also lower due to the dimensional
accuracy of AAC.
The increased thermal efficiency of AAC makes it suitable for use in areas with extreme
temperatures, as it eliminates the need for separate materials for construction and insulation,
leading to faster construction and cost savings.
Even though regular cement mortar can be used, most of the buildings erected with AAC materials
use thin bed mortar in thicknesses around ⅛ inch, depending on the national
building codes. AAC materials can be coated with a stucco or plaster compound to guard against the
elements, or covered with siding materials such as brick or vinyl.
AAC BLOCKS MANUFACTURING PROCESS :
Step 1 – Raw Material Preparation
Fly ash or sand :
Key ingredient for manufacturing Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) blocks is silica rich
material like fly ash, pond ash or sand.
Most of the AAC companies in India use fly ash to manufacture AAC blocks. Fly ash is
mixed with water to form fly ash slurry.
Slurry thus formed is mixed with other ingredients like lime powder, cement, gypsum
and aluminium powder in quantities consistent with the recipe.
Alternately sand can also be used to manufacture AAC blocks. A ‘wet’ ball mill finely
grinds sand with water converting it into sand slurry. Sand slurry is mixed with other
ingredients just like fly ash slurry.
LIMESTONE POWDER :
57
Lime powder required for AAC production is obtained either by crushing limestone to fine
powder at AAC factory or by directly purchasing it in powder form from a vendor.
Although purchasing lime powder might be little costly, many manufacturers opt for it
rather than investing in lime crushing equipment like ball mill, jaw crusher, bucket
elevators, etc.
Lime powder is stored in silos fabricated from mild steel(MS) or built using brick and
mortar depending of individual preferences.
CEMENT :
53-grade Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) from reputed manufacturer is required for
manufacturing AAC blocks. Cement supplied by ‘mini plants’ is not recommended due
to drastic variations in quality over different batches.
Some AAC factories might plan their captive cement processing units as such an unit
can produce cement as well as process lime. Such factories can opt for ‘major plant’
clinker and manufacture their own cement for AAC production.
Cement is usually stored in silos.
ADVANTAGE OF AREATED BLOCK :
Improved thermal efficiency reduces the heating and cooling load in buildings.
Porous structure allows for superior fire resistance.
Workability allows accurate cutting, which minimizes the generation of solid waste during use.
Resource efficiency gives it lower environmental impact in all phases of its life cycle, from
processing of raw materials to the disposal of waste.
58
Light weight saves cost & energy in transportation, labor expenses, and increases chances of survival
during seismic activity.
Larger size blocks leads to faster masonry work.
Reduces the cost of the project
Environmentally Friendly: When used, it helps to reduce at least 30% of environmental waste as
opposed to going with traditional concrete. There is a decrease of 50% of greenhouse gas emissions.
When possible, using autoclaved aerated concrete is a better choice for the environment.
Energy Saver: It is an excellent property that makes it an excellent insulator and that means the
interior environment is easier to maintain. When it is used, there is usually not a need for any
supplementary insulation.
Fire Resistant: Just like with regular concrete, ACC is fire resistant. This material is completely
inorganic and not combustible.
Great Ventilation: This material is very airy and allows for the diffusion of water. This will reduce the
humidity within the building. ACC will absorb moisture and release humidity; this helps to prevent
condensation and other problems that are related to mildew.
Non-Toxic: There are no toxic gases or other toxic substances in autoclaved aerated concrete. It does
not attract rodents or other pests nor can it be damaged by such.
Lightweight: Concrete blocks that are made out of ACC weigh about one-fifth of typical concrete.
They are also produced in sizes that are easy to handle for quick construction.
Accuracy: The panels and blocks made of autoclaved aerated concrete are produced to the exact sizes
needed before they even leave the factory. There is less need for on-site trimming. Since the blocks
and panels fit so well together, there is a reduced use of finishing materials such as mortar.
Long Lasting: The life of this material is extended because it is not affected by harsh climates or
extreme changes in weather conditions. It will not degrade under normal climate changes either.
Quick Assembly: Since it is a lightweight material and easy to work with, the assembly is much
quicker and smoother.
DISADVANTAGE OF AREATED BLOCK:
Installation during rainy weather: aircrete is known to crack after installation, which can be avoided
by reducing the strength of the mortar and ensuring the blocks are dry during and after installation.
Brittle nature: they need to be handled more carefully than clay bricks to avoid breakages.
Fixings: the brittle nature of the blocks requires longer thinner screws when fitting cabinets and wall
hangings and wood-suitable drill bits or hammering in. Special, large diameter wall plugs (aircrete
anchor) are available, though at a higher cost than common wall plugs.
Insulation requirements in newer building codes of northern european countries would require very
thick walls when using AAC alone. Thus many builders choose to return to traditional building
methods installing an extra layer of insulation around the building as a whole.
3.1 BAMBOO CONCRETE
59
INTRODUCTION :
Bamboo is characterized as a bio degradable , renewable and an energy efficiency natural resource.
It is an environmentally sustainable building material it has been used as construction material in
certain area for centuries Bamboo can be used as an alternative material in reinforcement of concrete
PLACEMENT OF BAMBOO :
Bamboo reinforcement should not be placed less than 1 1/2 inches from the face of the concrete
surface Reinforcement should be evenly spaced and lashed together on short sticks placed at right
angles to the main reinforcement The ties can be made with vegetation strips spacing of the stirrups
should not exceed 6 inches
BAMBOO CHARACTERISTICS :
Bamboo is a giant gress and not a tree The density of fibres in cross section of a bamboo shell
varies with thickness as well as height Bamboo is more prone to insect attack than other trees
and plants Bamboo can prevent pollution
SELECTION OF BAMBOO :
Bamboo is a giant gress and not a tree The density of fibres in cross section of a bamboo shell
varies with thickness as well as height Bamboo is more prone to insect attack than other trees
and plants Bamboo can prevent pollution
COMPARISON OF BAMBOO AND STEEL :
The strength of bamboo is greater than steel
Bamboo is easily accesible
Bamboo lowers the cost of constrection
Increases the strength of the building
Bamboo can crack and deflect more than

steel reinforcement
60
Developing countries have the highest demand for steel-reinforced concrete, but often do not have
the means to produce the steel to meet that demand
BAMBOO AS AN ENGINEERING MATERIAL :
Durability
Effect of water absorption
Bonding strength
DURABILITY :
The durability varies with the type of species,age,conservation condition,treatement and

curingBamboo reinforcement is more durable than steel reinforcement
The durability increases with the decrease in humidity and starch content of the bamboo
61
EFFECT OF WATER ABSORPTION :
The main shortcomings of bamboo is its property of water absorption

The dimensional variation of untreated bamboo due to water absorption can cause micro or even
macro cracks in cured concrete
This can be controlled by treating the bamboo
The bonding strength depends on the adhesion property of cement and compression friction forces
appearing on the surface of the reinforcing bar The below three properties influence the bonding
strength:
1) swelling of bamboo pushes the concrete away
2) create voids in the concrete
3) leads to the cracking of concrete
Bonding strength can be increased by 90% by treating
the bamboo
BONDING STRENGTH :
The bonding strength depends on the adhesion propertyof cement and compression friction forces
appearing on the surface of the reinforcing bar
The below three properties influence the bonding
strength :
i) swelling of bamboo pushes the concrete away
ii) creates voids in the concrete
iii) leads to the cracking of concrete
Bonding strength can be increased by 90% by treating the bamboo
62
BAMBOO REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS:
Bamboo reinforced concrete - beams
Bamboo reinforced concrete - columns
Concrete slabs with permanent shutter forms
63
CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES :
CONCRETE MIX PROPORTIONS:
The same mix designs can be used as would normally be used with steel reinforced concrete
concrete slump should be as low as workability will allow . Excess water causes swelling of
the bamboo
High early-strength cement is preferred to minimize cracks caused by swelling of bamboo
when seasoned bamboo cannot be waterproofed
IMPORTANCE OF BAMBOO CONCRETE :
64
Bamboo could "revolutionise the building industry" and replace steel as the dominant reinforcing
material, according to a professor who is working on new applications for the grass.
Bamboo can be utilized as a building material as for scaffolding, bridges and houses. Bamboo, like
true wood, is a natural composite material with a high strength-to-weight ratio useful for structures.
Bamboo has a higher compressive strength than wood, brick or concrete and a tensile strength that
rivals steel.
65
4. SITE STUDY AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION :
Madurai is a major city and cultural headquarters in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. It is the
administrative headquarters of Madurai District and the 31st largest urban agglomeration in
India.Madurai is the third largest city by population in Tamil Nadu. Located on the banks of River
Vaigai, Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia and is one of the oldest continuously
inhabited cities in the world.
HISTORY OF MADURAI :
Madurai has a rich historical background in the sense that Lord Shiva himself performed sixty-four
wonders called "Thiruvilaiyadals".
Now after India's independence, Madurai is one of the major districts of Tamilnadu State. In 1984,
the Vast Madurai district was bifurcated into two districts namely Madurai and Dindugul Districts.
Subsequently in 1997, Madurai district was bifurcated into two districts namely Madurai and
Theni Districts. In Madurai District, there are 10 State Assembly constituencies and two
parliament constituencies.
ARCHITECTURE IN MADURAI :
- Madurai is built around the Meenakshi Amman Temple, which acted as the geographic and ritual
centre of the ancient city of Madurai.
- The city is divided into a number of concentric quadrangular streets around the temple.
- Vishwanatha Nayak (1529–64 CE), the first Madurai Nayak king, redesigned the city in accordance
with the principles laid out by Shilpa Shastras related to urban planning.
- These squares retain their traditional names of Aadi, Chittirai, Avani-moola and Masi streets,
corresponding to the Tamil month names and also to the festivals associated.
The temple prakarams and streets accommodate an elobrate festival calendar in which dramatic
processions circumambulate the shrines at varying distances from the centre.
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CLIMATE :
- Madurai is located at 9.93°N 78.12°E. It has an average elevation of 101 metres. The city of
Madurai lies on the flat and fertile plain of the river Vaigai, which runs in the northwest-southeast
direction through the city, dividing it into two almost equal halves.
- The Sirumalai and Nagamalai hills lie to the north and west of Madurai.The land in and around
Madurai is utilised largely for agricultural activity, which is fostered by the Periyar Dam.
- Madurai lies southeast of the western ghats, and the surrounding region occupies the plains of
South India and contains several mountain spurs.
- The soil type in central Madurai is predominantly clay loam, while red loam and black cotton
types are widely prevalent in the outer fringes of the city.
- The municipal corporation of Madurai has an area of

147.977 km2
- Madurai is hot and dry for eight months of the year.
- Cold winds are experienced during February and March as in
the neighbouring Dindigul
- The hottest months are from March to July.
LOCATION :
67
TRANSPORT :
Arappalayam bus stand - 16.3 km

Mattuthavai bus stand - 19.2 km
airport station - 1.30 km
- The National Highways NH 7, NH 45B, NH 208 and NH 49 pass through Madurai.

- The state highways passing through the city are SH-33, SH-72, SH-72A, SH-73 and SH-
73A which connect various parts of Madurai district.
- Madurai is one of the seven circles of the Tamil Nadu State Highway network.
Site location between Nilaiyur Airport road and Perungudi main road
- Near by site art & science college , international airport station and harison college
- There is no contour level in the site only slope from the main road that between 2 to 2.5 M
- No water body in the site and ground water level near the site is between 60 to 65’ feet
- Soil type in the site is red soil
- There is no rock found in the site

- Eletrical line is runing around the site main transformer is
located in site
site is located near airport and between nilaiyur main road and perungudi main road
68
Madurai was traditionally an agrarian society, with rice paddies as the main crop. Cotton crop
cultivation in the regions with black soil in Madurai district was introduced during the
Nayaka rule during the 16th century to increase the revenue from agriculture.
The paddy fields cultivated in the Vaigai delta across Madurai North, Melur, Nilakottai and
Uthamapalayam are known as "double-crop paddy belts"
AREA = 29,40,73,560 SQ.FT

= 2,73,20,327.7 SQ.M
= 67.51 acres
69
6. CONCEPT :
INTRODUCTION :
The Olympic symbols are icons, flags and symbols used by the International Olympic Committee to
elevate the Olympic Games. Some such as the flame, fanfare, and theme are more commonly used
during Olympic competition, but others, such as the flags, can be seen throughout the year.
INTER-LOCKING SPACE :
An interlocking spatial relationship results from the overlapping

of two spatial fields and the emergence of a zone of shared space.
when two spaces interlock their volumes in this manner,each
retains its identity and definition as a space.But the resulting
configuration of the two interlocking spaces is subject to a
number of interpretations
The interlocking portion of the two volumes can be shared

equally by each space.
The interlocking portion can merge with one of the spaces and
become an integral part of its volume.
The interlocking portion can develop its own integrity as a space

that serves to link the two original spaces.
70
THE OLYMPIC RINGS:

The rings are five interlocking rings, colored blue, yellow, black, green and red on a white field,
known as the "Olympic rings". The symbol was originally designed in 1912 by Baron Pierre de
Coubertin, co-founder of the modern Olympic Games.
He appears to have intended the rings to represent the five participating continents: Africa, Asia,
America, Australia and Europe.
According to Coubertin, the colors of the rings together with the white of the background included
the colors composing every competing nation's flag at the time. Upon its initial introduction,
Coubertin stated the following in the August 1912 edition of Olympique
the six colors [including the flag's white background] combined in this way reproduce
the colours of every country without exception. The blue and yellow of Sweden, the
blue and white of Greece, the tricolor flags of France, England, the United States,
Germany, Belgium, Italy and Hungary, and the yellow and red of Spain are included,
as are the innovative flags of Brazil and Australia, and those of ancient Japan and modern
China. This, truly, is an international emblem.
AREA REQUIREMENT :
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72
73
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75
76
77
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8. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 www.wikipedia.com
 http://www.arcticcollege.ca/arctic-college-library-services
 http://mizobarua.blogspot.in/2008/12/indira-gandhi-indoor-stadium-sports.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Arena
 http://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index1.asp?ls_id=510
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGR_Race_Course_Stadium
 https://foursquare.com/v/mgr-stadium/4d847ed65ad3a0938a8ad0fd
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Stadium
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirappalli
 http://nsnis.org/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Sports
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Sports
 http://www.madurai.com/
79

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INTEGRATED SPORTS TRAINING CENTRE

In partial fulfillment of the Degree of

1.2 CONTEXT AND NEED.................................................................. 05

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES................................................................ 06

1.4 SCOPE ANDLIMITATIONS......................................................... 06

1.6 METHODLOGY ............................................................................ 07

2. CASE STUDY AND LITERATURE STUDY

2.1 Dr.M.G.R STADIUM , MADURAI.............................................. 08

2.2 ANNA STADIUM , TRICHY....................................................... 13

2.3 INDHRA GANDHI SPORTS COMPLEX , NEW DELHI.......... 19

2.4 BEIJING NATIONAL OLYMPIC STADIUM............................ 33

2.5 IRWIN INDOOR PRACTICE - USA.............................. 44

2.6 KABADDI STADIUM - AHMEDABAD................................... 49

3.1 AREATED BRICK AND BAMBOO CONCRETE.................... 56

4. SITE STUDY AND ANALYSIS...................................................... 66

1.2 Context & Need

1.3 Aims and Objectives

1.4 Scope and Limitations

The site location and condition is already determained

Stutural and estimation can not be detailed

1.5 Hypothesis and Research

2.1 Dr. M.G.R Stadium - Madurai

Name of the project - Dr.M.G.Rstadium

Madurai is the third largest city by population in Tamil Nadu.

GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE :

Madurai is located at 9.93°N 78.12°E.

Arappalayam bus stand - 5.7 km

MATERIAL USED IN THE BUILDING :

STRUCTURE - RCC and brick walls

SPORTS FACILITIES AVAILBLE IN Dr.MGR STADIUM :

OUT - DOOR EVENT :

1. 400mts synthetic athletic track ............... 1

1. Badminton indoor hall synthetic ............. 4

 The infastructure of the stadium is not properly designed and planned

2.2 ANNA Stadium - Madurai

Full name - Anna stadium

GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE :

Tiruchirappalli is completely surrounded by agricultural fields. Densely populated industrial

Central bus stand - 3.8 km

MATERIAL USED IN THE BUILDING :

STRUCTURE - RCC and brick walls

FACADE TREATMENT - It just arched entrance and stadium is cement plastering

SPORTS FACILITIES AVAILBLE IN ANNA STADIUM :

OUT - DOOR EVENT:

1. 400mts synthetic athletic track ............... 1

1. Badminton indoor hall synthetic ............. 2

The infastructure of the stadium is not properly designed and planned

Each and every court is properly maintained and well condition

There is no planned landscape element and site should designed detail

There is no signage board to direct the people and no dust-bin

Seating in the stadium is not properly maintain

2.3 INDHRA GANDHI SPORTS COMPLEX , NEW DELHI

Full name - Indira Gandhi Sports Complex

GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE :

Delhi features an a typical version of the humid subtropical climate.

EXISTING WATER SURFACE :

APPROACH ROAD , NATURE OF TRAFFIC :

PLAZAS FOR SPECTATORS :

Land Area = 110 acres

Land occupied by stadium = 14416 sq. mts .

Total area of arena = 60 m X 78 m = 4680 sq. mts .

Height of stadium = 42 mts .

Power Requirements = 5500 Kw

Number of flood lights = Main lights : 216 ( 2 kw each )