examples of the use of Schrédinger’s equation In this choptr sever! examples will be presented to ilutate the wie of the ‘Schrager squotion andthe application of boundary conitons. Inthe proces of studying theve exemple, the physical meaning ofthe woveluntion should become clearer. For simply, ll the examples willbe done only in one WR. Toobin lcaliaed wave pact, we will conider 9 more general per potion of fee poricle momentum aigenfencton: of meny diferent momenta “his superposion ho ‘uherethe numbers A are any constn! coins Since each term in Eqution (7a) satsfes the Schradnger equator, which is liner diferent equation, the sum sabe ‘We ean ale consider the separpostion of woveluncons with o coniuous 0 Net, we shall alse the expectation values ond uncertainties at ony lar time We would expect hot the average momentum ond uncer in momen: tum would not change with time, since there ore no fores to modly the tremens esribuon. Ths could be veri by detailed calelation vig the Y in Eqution (718) below. To coladote x and At, we need {ou et an orbirary tire ord hance most pertorm the pi on (27) on evbivry time. This may be dane ia @ sh tain te imegrels in Table 7.1, although the elgebre is @ Bile messy. The integrl may be writen ox:Ho = Vo oof fof nei gxu nf oan The fat negra in Table 7.1 hon give Lic = pala, i (oon ~ Yon = J onl ] ese V vate? stam) 2 + Bm ae) This wove uncon ease «probably dey of seni 4 io" + ym") aa This elstibution is centered about the point x = psi/m, caresponding to on ‘rerage porte speed of p/m. This egrace withthe raul (p) of Equation (7.12). The aributon center, p/m, of couse, elo the expecttien value (ofr, The rms deviation fs fom ix mean way) > alo - VEL REet a This de is owt of # = O ond increats tharafter, This is Because f i pose presnce of momenta grec diferent fom jy within the momentum ‘stribuion, rowing in he possity shot the pore may be moving wih ‘eloces greater oF ls than the averope,py/n, and ths th poss of the ‘rile being farther and frter from (3) as tne progres the pore is ‘ver sharply localized in space nial, thot i if is vary small then from Equation (720) tis ten thatthe wave facet will pred very ropily, becaure large times, Ax ~ ime. This is due to the complementary presence of very high momento, which must be preset in order thot Ap be large, Ap > /2dx IF the partele isnot very well localized inialy, fas a), the wave packet Spreads slowly. Wo ould expect that ot sce lrge tines, the spread ofthe packet would be onthe order of vt = Apiim ™ M/2am. The unceinty Sx ‘in Equation 7-20) is ofthis order of magnitude for lorge 1. The ncarsnhy Dingle vtisied at al ena, sine from Eqvation (7.12) and (720) pax = tay My aan Apix etn oan Let os put some number in, se how Jong we con expect @ partie te sem leon with mas of 10° kg. fit hot few slacron wot inte emery, sich ot it might Pickup in @ low vlloge vacuum tbe, & moving wih o speed of around TO! Free Alo, i in-on experiment the elecron is ily lcolzed to within « Cistonce Ax of 0.01 co then the spread vel, Av = p/m = (2m) ison he onder of 1 a/c, very small compored tothe speed. Now, rom Eqve tion 7.20) the spread in the diaibuion wil be molipled by V2 when ‘iim = ot. Since i of the order of O01 cm, tht ine is of the order of 10"! see Wie tis may not seem 2 lng fine, with « speed of 10 m/c the econ wll ove gore 1° meer, or obo! 300 fet In thot fine. During ths Sislocement. the pocket wil sprecd only about A036 in width. Thus, for most inecrscopic sxparment, we de not howe te worry cbout the electron be- Coming nonocalied. For © macroscopic obec, sucha» 0 sore of 190 gm mes the time required for Ax fo incraase by a focor of V2 i rund 10™ se, oF tlbou 10" year, Ths indices why quontom mechanics is orderly urim- portent for he detcipion of mosrexope bods. The spreading ond motion of 1 gouston wavepacket silted i Figure 71 ML Poot a 0 io z vy Feat! a BO oY "au 73. hf pohly deny in anion mm pth wove pst 74 STEP POTENTIAL; HIGH ENERGY E > Ve The frst example involving the mating of boundary conditions wl involve the ‘one dimensional poli energy shawn in Figue 7.2. This it called « stop potential and cersponds fhe particle experiencing @ very large fore over © “erysmal dsorce whan going from region It agian I In region Ihe potential Shoray zero, and in region It the content Vy