Cell and Organisms

1. A cell is the __________________ of living things.

2. Cells of living things exist in many sizes and shapes.
3. Most of these cells cannot be seen with the naked eye.
4. 2 types: ________________ and ___________________.

2.6 Plant Cells

1. ____________________ shape.
2. __________ than animal cells and easier to see under a microscope.

c ____________
v ____________
n ____________
c ____ m ___________

c ____________
c _____ w ______

3. Characteristics & functions of plant cell structure: -

Cell Structure Characteristic Function
- ___________________
Thick layer of cellulose around cell
Cell Wall - ___________________
membrane

- ________________________
Cell Membrane Thin layer around the cell _________________________

- ________________________
Watery, jelly-like & colourless
Cytoplasm _________________________
mixture in cell

- ________________________
Nucleus Contains chromosomes

- _______________________
___________________________

Vacuoles Large space that contains cell sap

-________________________
_________________________

Tiny discs shape that contain

Chloroplast - ________________________
chlorophyll
1
2.7 Animal Cells
1. ____________________ shape.
2. General structure of animal cell:

c ____________

c ____ m ___________ n ____________

Cell Structure Characteristic Function

- ________________________
Cell Membrane Thin layer around the cell

- ________________________
Nucleus Contains chromosomes _________________________

- ________________________
Watery, jelly-like & colourless
Cytoplasm _________________________
mixture in cell

Comparison between animal cells and plant cells.

a. Similarities
Both animal cells and plant cells have
 nucleus
 cytoplasm
 cell membrane

b. Differences

Animal Cells Plant Cells

Animal cells are small and have ___________ Plant cells are large and have ____________
shape. shape.

Animal cells do not have cell wall.
1. Without the cell wall, animal cells do not
have a regular shape.
______________ vacuole.
Animal cells ________________ chloroplasts.
4. Animal cells cannot produce their own
food because they could not undergo
photosynthesis.
Plant cells have cell wall.
2. The cell wall is made up of cellulose. The
cell wall protects the cell and gives it a
regular shape.
Plant cells _________ big vacuole.
3. The vacuole is a space with cell sap and
stores food.
Plant cells ____________ chloroplasts.
5. Chloroplasts have chlorophyll which
absorbs sunlight to produce food during
photosynthesis.

2
How a specimen is mounted on a microscopic slide.
a. Obtain the specimen and placed it on the centre of the microscopic slide.
i. To obtain cheek (animal) cells, scrap the inside of the cheek with a toothpick
ii. To obtain onion (plant) cells, cut a small piece of the succulent layer of an onion.
b. A drop of water is dripped on the specimen. (Figure 2a)
c. A cover slip is slowly placed on the specimen with the fingers and a long pin. (Figure 2b)
d. A drop of dye, e.g. iodine solution or methylene blue, is added so that the specimen can be seen
clearly. (Figure 2c)
e. A piece of filter paper is used to absorb excess water around the cover clip. (Figure 2c)

Figure 2a Figure 2b Figure 2c

Unicellular organisms
1. Unicellular organisms are organisms that are made up of only one cell. Unicellular organisms are
microorganisms.

Chlamydomonas Pleurococcus Euglena Yeast

2. Unicellular animals include protozoa (amoeba and paramecium) and plasmodium.

Paramecium Amoeba Plasmodium

3. In unicellular organisms, all life processes are carried out in the cell itself.