Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
i
IR (infra crvena spektroskopija)
Vibracije
What is a vibration in a molecule?
Any change in shape of the molecule- stretching
of bonds, bending of bonds, or internal rotation
around single bonds
H2 I2
MM =2 g/mole
MM =254 g/mole
bending vibration
For C-C-C bond angle a
change of 4o is typical.
4o 10 pm
This moves a carbon
atom about 10 pm.
Malo fizike electromagnetskog
zračenja
• Energija (E) E = hν = hc/λ = hcν’
– h je Planckova konstanta, c je brzina svjetlosti,
– ν je frekvencija the number of vibrations per
second and λ is the wavelength
Increasing wavelength
4000
3000
2000
W = 6.3286BE + 401.38
1000
r2 = 0.7979
0
200 300 400 500 600
Bond energy (kJ/mole)
Let’s examine the carbonyl group
on three compounds
formaldehyde phosgene acetone
O-H
C=O C-O
stretching
alkenes
O-H aromatic
WAVENUMBER (cm-1)
Use of IR spectra
• Identification of functional groups on a
molecule – this is a very important tool in
organic chemistry