ISSN: 2597-8640

Agrotechnology HISAS 14

Effect of probiotic meal as feed additive on microflora

population and meat cholesterol content of broiler
Ilham Ardiansah1, Syaiful Haq Baderuddin1, Kholifatus Sholiha1, Andini Nur Izza1, Ratna
Mustika Pratiwi1, Zeta Rivlinia Sari2 and Osfar Sjofjan3
1
Undergraduate Students, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Brawijaya,
Malang-65145 Indonesia
2
Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, University of
Brawijaya, Malang-65145 Indonesia
2
Lecturer at Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Faculty of Animal
Husbandry, University of Brawijaya, Malang-65145, Indonesia

* Corresponding email: ilham.fpt@gmail.com

Abstract
The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of probiotic meal on total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), E. coli
and meat cholesterol content of broiler. Feed which were used consist of corn, soybean meal, corn gluten
meal, copra meal, rice bran, palm oil, DL-methionine, lysine and mineral premix. This research was
conducted in Tlekung, Junrejo Sub-district, Batu City, East Java. Ninety day old chicken (DOC) were reared
for 35 days (5 weeks). The method used in this research was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with
3 treatments and 5 replications (each replication consist of 6 birds), the treatments were T0 = control diet +
0% probiotic meal; T1 = control diet + 0.2% probiotic meal and T2: control diet + 0.4% probiotic meal.
Variables observed were meat cholesterol content, total LAB and total E. coli. Data were analyzed by
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significant difference treatments was then analyzed by Least
Significant Differences Test (LSD). The result showed that probiotic had significant effect (P<0.05) on meat
cholesterol content, total LAB and E. coli. It is concluded that 0.4% probiotic (T2) could decrease meat
cholesterol content, increase total LAB and decrease E. coli population in small intestine of broiler.

Keywords: Feed additive, probiotic, broiler, microflora, cholesterol

Introduction safety when applied on animal, several alternative

Using Antibiotic Growth Promoters
(AGPs) on livestock industry exactly in poultry
sector should be considered by all stakeholders.
AGPs have produced more than a half century
became the most significant effect to enhance food
animal productivity through prevention and control
of subclinical enteric disease to raise efficiency
productivity [2]. Otherwise, effect for longtime-
giving an AGPs also be worried, because
dangerous risk like residue-produced in heart, meat
and egg often found by some researchers. World
Health Organization (WHO) has reported that
uncontrolled giving AGPs on feed affected to
resistance bacteria, pathogenic contamination,
potential to human exposure to resistance bacteria
from animal derived-food and even lead to
foodborne disease. It is reason why the researchers
tried to found the alternative growth promoters
which expected can be used as AGPs but more
growth promoter such as phytobiotic, symbiotic,
enzyme, acidifier or probiotic being developed.
Probiotic is non pathogen life-
microorganism which give positive effect into
physiology and healthy-host. Probiotic produce
lactic acid, lactase enzyme and characterized as
bacteriocin, this specified-character allows
probiotic as an alternative growth promoter [10].
Probiotic expected can increase the population of
lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on small-intestine,
improve nutrients digestion and absorption, against
pathogenic bacteria and decreasing cholesterol
content. Therefore, the objective of this research is
to evaluate the effect of probiotic as additive feed
on meat cholesterol content, total LAB and E. coli
in small intestine of broiler.
103
Experimental Methods cholesterol content[5], this result may be caused by
This research was conducted in Tlekung increasing lactic acid bacteria population on small-
Village, Junrejo Sub-district, Batu, Indonesia. intestine, lactic acid bacteria can inhibit
Ninety day old chicken (DOC) were reared for 35 cholesterol-synthesis throughout inhibition on
days (5 weeks). Probiotic meal was obtained from enzyme hydroxylmethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-
Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Animal CoA) reductase [13], meanwhile probiotic bacteria
Husbandry, Brawijaya University. Probiotic produce bile salt hydrolase enzyme that able to
composition consist of Lacatobacillus sp and catalyze the glycine-hydrolysis and taurine-bile
Bacillus sp. with viabilities > 106 cfu/g. Feed salt conjugated become amino acid residue and free
which were used showed on Table 1. bile salt (bile acid), decreased solubility of free bile
Table 1. Composition of Experimental acids under acidic conditions which in turn reduced
Control Diet the solubility of cholesterol[9]. Removal of
Feedstuff Starter Finisher cholesterol was closely related to bile salt
(%) (%) deconjugation at low pH [12].
Corn 52.5 57.5 Therefore, we suggested that decrease of
Rice bran 13 13 cholesterol on breast meat of broiler by probiotic
Soybean Meal 8 8 role was deconjugated bile salts and inhabitation
Corn Gluten Meal 20 15 enzyme hydroxylmethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-
Fish Meal 2 2 CoA) reductase. In addition, this may also affected
DL-Methionine 0.5 0.5 by internal performance of chicken, like strain,
0.5 0.5 genetic and sex.
CaCO3
The LAB population (cfu/g) in intestinal gut was
Palm Oil 0.5 0.5
increased significantly (P<0.05) T2 give best result
Meat Bone Meal 3 3
(8.41 ± 1.2) compared T0 (7.71 ± 1.4) and T1 (7.75
Total 100 100
± 1.5). Population range on small intestine was 8-
Calculated values 8.6 log CFU, its supposed that different strain
ME (kcal/kg) 3345 3248 of chicken give different result and digestion
Crude protein (%) 23.29 22.76 tract[6]. Meanwhile, generally, total LAB
Crude fiber (%) 2.39 2.39 population give best impact for intestinal
Methionine (%) 0.53 0.52 maintenance when treatment increased. Giving
Lysine (%) 1.11 0.96 probiotic lactobacillus sp. increased total LAB, it
*
Calculation according Leeson and Summer was supposed caused the probiotic in feed that
(2005) [7]. consist of lactic acid bacteria appropriated with
The method which used in this research intestinal-microflora condition[3]. Compared with
was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with another kinds of probiotic, LAB are often used in
3 treatments and 5 replications (each replication poultry. Several kinds of probiotic such as Bacillus
consist of 6 birds), the dietary treatments were T0 subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus
= control diet + 0% probiotic meal; T1 = control casei, Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus faecium,
diet + 0.2% probiotic meal and T2: control diet + Bifidobacterium bifidum and Aspergillus oryzae (1
0.4% probiotic meal. Variables observed were kg/ton feed) for broilers in period of one to 14 days
meat cholesterol content, total LAB and total E. of age were recommended. Increasing population
coli on small intestinal gut. Data were analyzed by of LAB will impact for improvement in feed
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significant conversion compared without probiotic [11].
difference treatments was then analyzed by Least Meanwhile, the population of E. coli was
Significant Differences Test (LSD). decreased and had a significant effect (P<0.05). E.
coli population (log cfu) in intestinal gut was
Result and Discussion decreased significantly (P<0.05) T1 (3.60 ± 0.21)
Result of this research was presented on and T2 (3.73 ± 0.15) give best result compared T0
Table 2. Generally, effect of adding probiotic in (4.40 ± 0.05). Using of probiotics in the feed
feed had significant effect (P<0.05) on meat reduces total E. coli population in the small-
cholesterol content, total LAB and E. coli. intestine [8]. Probiotics are consumed, a large
The cholesterol contents in the breast meat amount of useful microbes enters the animal’s
was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by additional of gastrointestinal tract [1]. These microbes produce
probiotic. T2 give best result (75.61 ± 0.44) acids (such as acetic acid and lactic acid) and other
compared T0 (78.17 ± 0.27) and T1 (76.94 ± 0.87). compounds that inhibit pathogen bacteria
Recently, researcher reported that probiotic growth (log phase) and be colonized then attach
supplementation had effect on decrease meat rapidly on gastrointestinal [4].
104
Table 2. Effect of probiotic in feed on meat cholesterol content, total LAB and E. coli of broiler at 35 days
Dietary Cholesterol
Treatments (mg/100g)
Lactic Acid Bacteria
T0 78.17 ± 0.27 a
T1 76.94 ± 0.87b
T2 75.61 ± 0.44c
a-c
Means in same column with different superscripts were differ significantly (P< 0.05)
Conclusion
Using 0.4% probiotic meal as additive
feed could great decrease meat cholesterol content,
increase LAB and decrease E.coli population in
broiler.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no
conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by Indonesian
Directorate General of Higher Education through
Student Creativity Program (PKM- P) 2016
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