Index

Acknowledgments ................................................................................... I
Abstract ................................................................................................... II
Introduction ............................................................................................. 1
Chapter one: Children' Literature: Definitions, and Characteristics
1.1. Introduction to Children's literature ............................................. 12
1.2. Definitions of Children's literature............................................... 14
1.3. Characteristics of Children's literature ......................................... 17
1.4. Children's literature and its relation to children ........................... 23
1.5. Children's literature and its relation with adults .......................... 28
1.6. Children's literature and its relation to Society ............................ 31
Chapter Two: History of British Children's Literature
2.1. Early beginning of British children's literature ............................ 34
2.2. The fifteenth Century ................................................................... 37
2.2.1. Reynard the Fox (1481) ...................................................... 37
2.2.2. Aesop's Fables (1484) ........................................................ 38
2.3. The Sixteenth Century.................................................................. 38
2.3.1. Sir Thomas Elyot's The Book Named the
Governor (1531) .................................................................. 40
2.3.2. Roger Ascham's The Schoolmaster (1570) ......................... 40
2.3.3. Aesop’s Fables ................................................................... 40
2.4. The seventeenth century............................................................... 41
2.4.1. Thomas White’s, A Little Book for Little Children (1660). 43
2.4.2. James Janeway, A Token for Children (1672) .................... 43
2.4.3. Benjamin Keach, War with the Devil (1673) ...................... 44
2.4.5. Roger L’Estrange, Fables of Aesop (1692) ........................ 44
2.5. The eighteenth century ................................................................. 45
 2.5.1. Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) ............................ 48
2.5.2. Samuel Croxall's Fables of Aesop (1722) ........................... 49
2.5.3. Jonathan Swift's Gulliver’s Travels (1726) ........................ 49
2.5.4. Sarah Fielding's The Governess, or Little Female
Academy (1749) ................................................................. 49
2.5.5. Rousseau's Emile (1762) ..................................................... 50
2.5.6. Anon., The History of Goody Two-Shoes (1765) ............... 50
2.5.7. Mary Ann Kilner's Jemima Placid (1783) .......................... 51
2.5.8. Sarah Trimmer's Fabulous Histories (1786) ...................... 52
2.5.9. Maria Edgeworth's Stories for Children, including
‘The Purple Jar’ and ‘The Barring Out’ (1796) .................. 52
2.6. The Nineteenth Century ............................................................... 53
2.6.1. Barbara Hofland's The Son of a Genius (1823), and
The Daughter of a Genius (1812) ....................................... 57
2.6.2. John Ruskin's The King of the Golden River (1850) .......... 57
2.6.3. Charlotte Yonge's The Daisy Chain (1856) ........................ 58
2.6.4. Charles Kingsley's The Water-Babies (1863) ..................... 58
2.6.5. Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865),
and Through the Looking Glass (1871) .............................. 59
2.6.6. Anna Sewell's Black Beauty (1877) .................................... 61
2.6.7. Edith Nesbit's The Story of Treasure Seekers and its
sequel (1899) ...................................................................... 61
2.7. The Twentieth Century till Harry Potter ..................................... 62
2.7.1. Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Peter Rabbit and its
sequel (1902) ...................................................................... 65
2.7.2. J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn’t
Grow Up (1904) ............................................................... 66
2.7.3. Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows (1908) ......... 67
 2.7.4. J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit (1937) .................................. 68
2.7.5. George Orwell's Animal Farm (1945) ................................ 69
2.7.6. E. B. White's Charlotte's Web (1952) ................................. 69
2.7.7. C. S. Lewis' Narnia chronicles (The Lion, the Witch and
the Wardrobe and its sequels) (1950- 1956) ..................... 69
2.7.8. Philippa Pearce's Tom’s Midnight Garden (1958) ............. 70
2.7.9. Lois Lowry's The Giver (1979) ........................................ 70
2.7.10. Gillian Cross's The Demon Headmaster (1982) ............... 71
2.7.11. Joanne Rowling's Harry Potter and The Philosopher's
Stone ................................................................................. 72
Chapter Three: History of Egyptian Children's Literature
3.1. The Early Beginning .................................................................... 73
3.2. Ancient Egypt -Pharaonic epoch (c. 10,000 B.C.E.–525 B.C.E.) 73
3.2.1. The Eloquent Peasant ......................................................... 77
3.2.2. The Tale of Senuhe .............................................................. 78
3.2.3. The Drowned Mariner ........................................................ 79
3.3. The Middle Ages- The Islamic Epoch ......................................... 80
3.4. The Modern Epoch since the reign of Mohamed Ali until now .. 86
3.4.1. Refaei El –Tahtawi's Stories for Children's and The Tiny
Little Boy (1801-1873) ................................................................. 87
3.4.2. Ahmed Shawki's Stories on the Tongue of Animals
and Birds (1868–1932) ................................................................. 88
3.4.3. Mohamed Othman Galal's The Opened Eyes in Sayings,
Proverbs and Preaching (1828-1898) ......................................... 90
3.4.4. Ali Fekry's Girls' Entertainments and Advice Set Out in
the Boys' Archives (1879-1953) .................................................... 91
3.4.5. Mohamed El-Harawi's Samir the Children for Boys in and
Samir the Children for Girls (1885 – 1939) ................................. 92
 3.4.6. Kamel El-Kilani's Sinbad the Sailor (1879- 1959) ............ 93
3.4.7. Mohamed El-Erian's Scholastic Stories (1905 -1964) ........ 96
3.4.8. Mohamed Abo-Hadid's Amrone Shah (1893 - 1967) ......... 97
3.4.9. Jacob El-Sharoni's The Mystery of the Queens of the Kings
(born in1931) ................................................................................. 67
3.4.10. Abdel-Tawab Youssif 's Prophet Mohamad's Life (1928-
2015).............................................................................................. 99
3.4.11. Tarek Abdel- Bary's The King of Things (born in 1961) .. 100
3.5. Conclusion.................................................................................... 101
Chapter Four: Sociopolitical Ideologies in Children's Novels
4.1. What is ideology? ......................................................................... 102
4.2. Why best ideologies are found in Children's novels ................... 104
4.2.1. Literary Reasons: ................................................................ 104
4.2.2. Political Reasons ................................................................. 112
4.2.3. Social Reasons .................................................................... 117
4.3. The forms of Ideology .................................................................. 119
4.3.1. Hidden ................................................................................ 119
4.3.2. Double recipients ................................................................ 123
4.4. The function of sociopolitical ideologies in Children’s novels ... 127
Chapter Five: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
5.1. Political Ideologies ....................................................................... 139
5.1.1. The domination of authority ............................................... 139
5.1.2. A continual conflict between those who most value power
and those who most value justice........................................ 147
5.1.3. The role of resistance .......................................................... 156
5.1.4. The importance of control of information: Spying,
Snooping. ............................................................................ 167
5.1.5. The unequal status of beings in the process of justice
 and punishment ................................................................. 175
5.2. Social Ideologies .......................................................................... 183
5.2.1. The social relations among friends (boys, girls) ................. 183
5.2.2. The role of family (raising or spoiling) .............................. 189
5.3. Conclusion.................................................................................... 196
Chapter Six: The King of Things .
6.1. Political Ideologies ....................................................................... 202
6.1.1. The dominance of authority ................................................ 202
6.1.2. A continual conflict between those who most value power
and those who most value justice........................................ 209
6.1.3. The role of resistance .......................................................... 217
6.1.4. The importance of control of information: Spying,
Snooping ............................................................................ 224
6.1.5. The unequal status of beings in the process of justice
and punishment ................................................................. 230
6.2. Social Ideologies .......................................................................... 233
6.2.1. The social relations among friends (boys, girls) ................. 233
6.2.2. The role of family (raising or spoiling) .............................. 236
6.3. Conclusion.................................................................................... 241
Conclusion ............................................................................................... 242
References ............................................................................................... 252
‫ المراجع العربية‬............................................................................................. 261