Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Differential Equations
dx dy
g ( y)dx f ( x)dy; ; int egrates;
f ( x) g ( y )
dx dy
f ( x)
g ( y)
; rezulting solution.
dx dx
It integrates : ydy
x 29
2
; and results: ydy x 2
29
;
dx
y2
2
2
dx
x 29
; x 2
29
a 2 b 2 a b a b
x 2 29 x 2 29 x
2
29 x 29
1 A B
x 29 x 29 x 29
2
1
A x 29 Bx 29
x 2 29 x 2 29
1 A x 29 B x 29 ; x R; relatin (1).
278
Differential Equations
1 A 0 B 29 29 ; 1 2 29 B B
1
2 29
1 A 29 29 B 0 1 2 29 A A
1
2 29
1 1 1 1 1
x 2 29 2 29 x 29 2 29 x 29
dx 1 dx 1 dx
x 2
29 2 29 x 29
2
29 x 29
x 29 t; d x 29 dt
x
29 ' dx dt ; dx dt
ln t ln x 29 ;
dx dt dx
x 29
t x 29
; x 29 u
d x 29 du ; x
29 dx du ; dx du
dx du
x 29 u ln u ln x 29
1 1
t ln x 29 ln x 29 C
2 29 2 29
y2 1 x 29
ln C ; is the differential equation solution .
2 2 29 x 29
279
Differential Equations
dx
xx 100 x 30
1 A B C
xx 100 x 30 x x 100 x 30
1 Ax 30 x 100 Bxx 30 Cxx 100
xx 100 x 30 xx 100 x 30
1 Ax 30 x 100 Bxx 30 Cxx 100 x R; relation (1)
For x = 0 in relation (1)
1 A0 30 0 100
1
1 3000 A A
3000
For x = 100 in relation (1)
1 A 0 100 B100 30 C 0
1
1 100 130 B B
13000
280
Differential Equations
1 1 1
y ln x ln x 100 ln x 30 C ;
3000 13000 3900
differential equation solution.
3) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
dx dx
sin y dy
( x 6)( x 2) 2
; sin y dy
( x 6)( x 2) 2
;
dx
cos y
( x 6)( x 2) 2
dx
x 6x 2 2
281
Differential Equations
1 A B C
x 6x 2 x 6 x 2 x 22
2
1 A 6 2 B 0 C 0 1 16 A A
2 1
16
For x = 0 in relation (1)
1
1
0 22 B0 60 2 6 1 7 12 B 1 7 12 B
16 4 4 4
7 3 1
12 B 1 12 B B
4 4 16
282
Differential Equations
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
x 6x 2 16 x 6 16 x 2 4 x 22
2
dx 1 1 1 dx
x 6x 22 16
ln x 6
16
ln x 2
4 x 2 2
dx
1
x 22
x2u
d x 2 du
x 2dx du
dx du
dx du u 21 1
1 2 C1 C1
x 22
u 2 1 u
1
1 C1
x2
u x2
1 1 1 1
cos y ln x 6 ln x 2 C1 C ,
16 16 4 x2
differential equation solution.
283
Differential Equations
1 1 1 1
y
dy
xx 1x 2
3
dx ; it integrates : y
dy
xx 1x 2
3
dx ;
1
ln y dx
xx 1x 2
3
dx
xx 1x 2 3
1 A B C D E
xx 1x 2 x x 1 x 2 x 2 x 23
3 2
xx 1x 2 0
3
x1 0
x2 1
x3 x4 x5 2
In a relationship (1) where x is replaced by zero ( x = 0), rezult :
1 A0 10 2
3
1
1 8A A
8
In a relationship (1) if one replaces x ( x = 1):
1 A 0 B 11 2 1 B B 1
3
284
Differential Equations
1 A 0 B 0 2C 2 1 0 D 0 2 E 2 1 1 2 E E
1
2
1 1
But A ; B 1; E ;
8 2
To find other constants must give two values for x.
x 0,1,2
In equation (1) -1 if x is replaced ( x = -1):
1
1
1 1 1 23 1 1 23 C 1 1 1 1 22
8
D 1 1 1 2 1 1
1
2
1 27 27 2C 9 D 6 1 27 * 18C 6 D
1 3 81
4 4 4
27
18C 6 D / : 3 6C 2 D
4
In equation (1) whether the replace x with 3 ( x = 3):
1
1
3 13 23 33 23 3C 3 13 22 3D3 13 2 3 3 1
8 2
1
1 3 6C 6 D 3
4
285
Differential Equations
1 3 3 1`
6C 6 D 1 6C 6 D 6C 6 D 2C 2 D
4 4 4 4
1 1
C D 8 / 2 2C 2 D 4
;
27
6C 2 D 6C 2 D 27
4 4
C =1/2 ; D = -3/8 ;
1 1 3 1
Deci A ; B 1; C ; D ; E
8 2 8 2
1 1 1 1 3 1
xx 1x 2
3
8 x x 1 2x 2 8x 22
2x 2
3
dx 1 1 3 1 1
ln x ln x 1 ln x 2
ln y xx 1x 2 8 2 8 x 2 4x 22
C2
x a t ; d x a dt ; x a ' dx dt ;
dx
x a; dx dt
dx dt dx
xa t
ln t ln x a C1; 2
x 2 2
x 2 t ; d x 2 dt ; x 2' dx dt dx dt
dx dt t 21 1 1
2 t 2
dt C2
x 2 2 t 2
2 1 t x 2
dx dt t 31 t 2 1 1
3 t 3
dt ; 2 C 3.
x 23 t 3
3 1
3
2 2t 2 x 2
2
286
Differential Equations
arctgx x 4 dx
x 1 x 2 dx arctgx x 2 1
4
f ' x
1
x2 1
x 4 dx
g ' x dx 2
x 1
x 4 dx
g ' x dx x 2 1
x 4 dx
g x 2
x 1
x4 x2 + 1
-x4 – x2 x2 – 1
-x2
x2 + 1
287
Differential Equations
1 rest
x4 x2 1 x2 1 1
x4
x 2 1x 2 1 1 x 2 1x 2 1
2
1
x 1
2
x 1
2
x 1
2
x 1
1
x2 1 2
x 1
x3
g ( x) x arctgx
3
arctgx x3 x3 dx
x 1 x 2 dx 3 x arctgxarctgx 3 x arctgx 1 x 2
4
x3 x2 + 1
-x3 – x x
-x
x3 x x 2 1 x
x3
x x2 1 x x x2 1
x x
x
x2 1 x2 1 x2 1 x2 1 x2 1
x xdx x2 1
A x 2 dx xdx 2 A ln x 2 1 C1
x 1 x 1 2 2
288
Differential Equations
x
xdx
2
1
; x 2 1 u; d x 2 1 du; u 2 1 ' dx du ; 2 xdx du
du
du
xdx ; 2
2
xdx
x 1
2
u
1 du 1
2 u 2
ln u ln x 2 1
1
2
1 x 2 dx; arctgx v; d arctgx dv; arctgx ' dx dv
arctgx
dx
dv
1 x2
v 2 arctgx
2
dx
arctgx 1 x 2 vdv 2 2 C 2
1 x2 1 1
2 ln x 1 ln x 1
2 2 arctgx
2
C2
3 2 2 2 2
x3
sin y x arctgx arctgx ln x 2 1 ln x 2 1
x2 1 1
3 6 6 2
arctgx
2
C; result .
2
6 ) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
x 1 x x 2 dy y 3 dx;
dy dx dy dx
y 3
x 1 x x2
, integrate and obtain: y 3
x 1 x x2
;
289
Differential Equations
y 31 dx 1 dx
; C ; 2 C ;
3 1 x 1 x x 2 2 y x 1 x x 2
dx
x 1 x x2
Variable is changing:
x 2 x 1 tx 1; c 1 0
the square:
x 2
x 1 tx 1 ; x 2 x 1 t 2 x 2 2tx 1
2
2
x 2 x t 2 x 2 2tx / : x x 1 t 2 x 2t
1 2t
x t 2 1 1 2t x 2
t 1
1 2t 1 2t
dx d 2 2 ' dt
t 1 t 1
2 '
1 2t 2 t 1 1 2t 2t 2 t 1 t 2t
2 2 2
t 1 t2 1
2
t2 1
2
2t
2 t2 t 1 2
t 1
t 1
2 2
t 2
1 2
dx 2
t t 1 dt
2
t 1 2 2
290
Differential Equations
x 2
x 1 tx 1 t
1 2t
1
t 2t 2 t 2 1
t 2 t 1
t 2 1 t 2 1 t 2 1
2
x 1
t 2
t 1
x
t 2 1
1 2t
x
t 2 1
2 t2 t 1 dt
dx 1 t 2
t2 t 1
2
t 2 1
2
x 1 x x 2 t 2 t 1 1 2t 2 t 2 1 2 t 2 t 1 2t 1 dt
t 2 1 t 2 1
dt
2
2t 1
2t 1 u
d 2t 1 du
2t 1' dt du
2dt du
du
dt
2
du
dt du
t 2 2 2 ln u ln 2t 1 C
2t 1 u u
x 2 x 1 tx 1 tx x 2 x 1 1
x2 x 1 1
t
x
291
Differential Equations
1
ln
2
x 2
x 1 1
1 C ; differential equation solution.
2y2 x
7 ) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
dy dx
(1 1 2 x x 2 dy (ctgy ) dx ; ; it
ctgy 1 1 2 x x 2
dy dx
integrates: ctgy
1 1 2x x 2
;
dx
ln cos y = 1 1 2x x 2
+C;
c 1 0; 1 2 x x 2 tx 1
Amounts to the square:
1 2 x x 2 t 2 x 2 2tx 1; 2 x x 2 t 2 x 2 2tx / : x
2 x t 2 x 2t
x t 2 1 21 t ; x 2
t 1
t 2 1
t 1 t 1
dx d 2 2 2 2 ' dt
t 1 t 1
292
Differential Equations
t 1 t 1 2t t 1 t 1 2t 2t t 2t 1
2 2 2 2
2 '
t 1
t 1
2 2
t 1
2 2
t 1
2
2
t 2t 1
2
t 1
2 2
dx 2
t 2t 1 dt
2
t 1 2 2
x 2
t 1
t2 1
2t t 1 2t 2 2t t 2 1
1 2 x x tx 1
2
1
t2 1 t2 1
t 2 2t 1
t2 1
1 2x x
2 t 2 2t 1
t2 1
t 2 2t 1 2t 2 2t 2t t 1
1 1 2x x 1
2
2 2
t2 1 t 1 t 1
2t t 1
1 1 2x x 2 2
t 1
2
2
t 2t 1
dt
t
t 1
2
2
2t t 1
t2 1
293
Differential Equations
t
2 t 2 2t 1 t 2 1
dt
t 2 2t 1
t 2
1 2
2t t 1 t t 1 t 2 1
dt
t 2 2t 1 A B Ct D
t t 1 t 2 1 t t 1 t 2 1
t 2 2t 1 At 1 t 2 1 Bt t 2 1 Ct D t t 1; t C
relation (1); t t 1 t 2 1 0 , t1 0, t 2 1.
In equation (1) is replaced t with zero ( t = 0):
0 2 2 0 1 A0 1 0 2 1 1 A A 1
In equation (1) t is replaced with a value less ( t = -1):
12 2 1 A 0 B 12 1 C 1 D 0 2 2B B 1
In equation (1) t is replaced with a value ( t = 1):
12 2 1 1 122 1 2 C D 2 2 4 2 2C D
4 2C D C D 2
In equation (1) t is replaced with two value ( t = 2):
2 2 2 2 1 12 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2C D 2 2 1
7 15 10 62C D 12 62C D
2C D 2
/1
C D 2
294
Differential Equations
2C D 2
CD2
C 0; D 2; A 1; B 1; C 0; D 2
t 2 2t 1 1 1 0.t 2
2
t t 1 t 1
2
t t 1 t 1
t 2 2t 1
t dt ln t ln t 1 2arctgt C
t t 1 t 2 1
t 1
t ln 2arctgt C
t
1 2 x x 2 tx 1
1 2x x 2 1
t
x
1 2x x2 1
1 1 2x x2 1
ln cos y ln x 2arctg C
1 2x x 1
2 x
x
295
Differential Equations
dx dx
y 5 dy ; it integrates , y 5 dy ;
4 cos x 4 cos x
y 51 dx y6 dx
; C
5 1 4 cos x 6 4 cos x
dx dx
4 cos x 4 cos x
x x
1 tg 2 2tg
cos x 2 ; sin x 2
x x
1 tg 2 1 tg 2
2 2
x x x x
1 tg 2 4 4tg 2 1 tg 2 3tg 2 5
4 cos x 4 2 2 2 2
x x x
1 tg 2 1 tg 2 tg 2 1
2 2 2
x
1 tg 2
dx
4 cos x 2 x 2 dx
3tg 5
2
To switch:
296
Differential Equations
x
tg t
2
x
arctgtg arctgt
2
x
arctgt
2
x 2arctgt
dx d 2arctgt 2arctgt ' dt
2
dx dt
1 t 2
1 t 2 2 dt dt
t 2 dt 2 3t 2 5 2 5
2
3t 5 1 t 2
3 t
3
2 dt 2 1 t
2
arctg
3 5 3 5 5
t 2
3 3
3
y6 2 3 3 x
arctg tg C ; is the differential
6 3 5 5 2
x
equation solution . t tg .
2
297
Differential Equations
dx
y2
2
dx
sin x 3 cos x 7
; sin x 3 cos x 7
x x
2tg 1 tg 2
sin x 2 ; cos x 2
x x
1 tg 2 1 tg 2
2 2
x 2 x
2tg 1 tg
sin x 3 cos x 7 2 3 2
7
2 x 2 x
1 tg 1 tg
2 2
x x x x x
2tg 3 3tg 2 7 7tg 2 10tg 2 2tg 4
2 2 2 2 2
2 x 2 x
1 tg 1 tg
2 2
x x
2 5tg 2 tg 2
2 2
x
1 tg 2
2
298
Differential Equations
x
1 tg 2
t 2 dx
2x x
2 5tg tg 2
2 2
x
tg t
2
x
arctgtg arctgt
2
x
arctgt
2
x 2arctgt
1 t2 2dt
t 2
2 5t t 2 t 1
2
dt dt
t 2
5t t 2 t 2
5 t 2
5 5
1 dt
t
5 2 t 2
t
5 5
299
Differential Equations
5t 2 t 2 0
1 1 40
t1, 2
10
2 2 2
t 2 1 1 1 2 1
t t 2 2 t t
2
5 5 10 10 10 5 10
2
1 39
2 2
2 1 1 39
t t
5 100 10 100 10 10
1 dt
t 2
5 1 39
2
t
10 10
1
t 4
10
1
d t du
10
1
t ' dt du
10
1 du 1 1 u 2 10 1
5
t arctg arctg t C
39 10
2
39 5 39 39 39
u 2
10 10
10
x
t tg
2
y2 2 10 x 1
arctg tg C ; result.
2 39 39 2 10
300
Differential Equations
sin xdx
1 cos x
x
1 cos x 2 cos 2
2
x x
sin x 2 sin cos
2 2
x x x
2 sin cos sin
sin x 2 2 2
1 cos x x x
2 cos 2 cos
2 2
x
sin
t 2 dx
x
cos
2
x x
t ; cos ' dx dt ; d cos dt ; cos u ' u ' sin u
x
cos
2 2 2
x x x 1 x
cos ' ' sin sin
2 2 2 2 2
301
Differential Equations
1 x
sin dx dt
2 2
x
sin dx 2dt
2
2dt 1 x
t 2 ln t 2 ln cos C
t y 2
solution .
11) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
dy dx
;
y cos x sin 2 x
4
dy dx dx
; ln y ;
y cos x sin 2 x
4
cos x sin 2 x
4
dx
cos 4
x sin 2 x
tgx 1
sin x ; cos x
1 tg 2 x 1 tg 2 x
4 2
tgx
cos 4 x sin 2 x
1
1 tg 2 x 1 tg 2 x
302
Differential Equations
tg 2 x
1 tg 2 x
cos x sin x
4 2
1 tg x
2 2
1 tg2
x 1 tg 2 x
3
t
1 tg x
2 3
dx
tg 2 x
tgx t
arctgtgx arctgt
x arctgt
dx d arctgt arctgt ' dt
1
dx dt
1 t 2
t
1 t
2 3
dt
1 t 2 2
t 4 2t 2 1
1 t 2 t 2
dt dt
t2 t2
1 t3 t 21
t 2 2 2 dt 2t C
t 3 2 1
3
t 1
t 2t C
3 t
ln y tgx 2tgx
1 1
C
3
3 tgx
differential equation solution.
12) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
y10 dy x 2 x 2 4 dx ;
303
Differential Equations
y 11
y 10 dy x 2 x 2 4 dx ; x 2 x 2 4 dx ;
11
x x 2 4dx
2
x2 4 x 1 t
x 2 4 x 2 2tx t 2
4 t2
4 2tx t x 2
2t
4t2
dx ' dt
2t
4 t 2 2t 4 t 2
'
2t 2 4 t 2 t2 4
2
t t2 t2 t
dx
t 2
4
dt
2t 2
4t2 4t2
x2 4 x t t
2t 2t
4t2
x
2t
4t2 4 t2 t2 4
2
x x 4dx dt
2 2
2t 2t 2t 2
1 4t2 t2 4
dt
2
16 t5
304
Differential Equations
4 t 4 t
2 2
2 2
256 32t 4 t 8 256 32 3
5 t
t5 t5 t t
1 dt dt
t 256 5 32 t 3 dt
16 t t
1 t 51 t 31
t 256 3 ln t C
16 5 1 3 1
1 256 1 t4
t 3 ln t C
16 4 t 4 4
t x2 4 x
y11
4
1
3
ln x 2 4 x
1
x
4
4 x C
x
2
4
11 2
4x 16 64
solution.
13) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
dx dx y6 dx
6
y 5 dy ; y 5 dy ;
x x 3
x x 3
x 3 x
dx
x 3 x
305
Differential Equations
x t6
dx d t 6 t 6 ' dt
dx 6t 5 dt
dx 6t 5 dt t 5 dt t 5 dt
x 3 x
t t
6 3 6
6 3 2 6 2
t t t t 1
t 3 dt
t 6
t 1
t3 t+1
-t3-t2 t2-t+1
-t2
t2+t
t
-t-1
-1
t 3 t 1 t 2 t 1 1
306
Differential Equations
t3 t 1t 2 t 1 1 t 2 t 1 1
t 1
t 1 t 1 t 1 t 1
1
t 2 t 1
t 1
dt
t 6 t 2 dt tdt dt
t 1
t 3 t 2
t 6 t ln t 1 C
3 2
t6 x
y6 6 x
6
3
16 2 6
x x ln x 1 C
6
6 3 2
solution.
307
Differential Equations
dx
3x 2 4 3x 2
1 4
1 1
3 3
y y 3 dx
y 3
dy
1
4
y3 y
4 3x 2 4 3x 2
1
3 3
3x 2 t 4 ; d 3x 2 dt 4 3x 2' dx t 4 ' dt
4
3dx 4t 3 dt ; dx t 3 dt
3
4 3
t dt
dx 4 t 3 dt 4 t 2 dt
3x 2 4 3x 2 t 4 4 t 3 t 2 t 3 t 1
3
t2 t-1
-t2+t t+1
t
-t+1
1
t 2 t 1t 1 1
308
Differential Equations
t2
t 1t 1 1 t 1t 1 1 t 1 1
t 1 t 1 t 1 t 1 t 1
4 t 2
t t ln t 1 C
32
t 4 3x 2
3 y 3 y 4 3x 2 4
3x 2 ln 4 3x 2 1 C; solution .
4 3 2
y 1dy y 1dy
dx dx
; ;
x 5
x 1
2
x 5
x2 1
y2 dx
y ;
2 x5 x 2 1
dx xdx xdx
x 5
x2 1
x6 x2 1
x
2 3
x2 1
x 2 1 t 2 ; d x 2 1 dt 2 ; x 2 1 ' dx t 2 ' dt; 2xdx 2tdt; xdx tdt
xdx tdt dt
x 2 t 2 1; x 2 3
x 12
t 2
1 t
3
t 2
1
3
3
309
Differential Equations
dt 1 1
t 2
1
2 dt 2
t 1 t 1
dt relation (a )
dg dt; g (t ) t
1 t 2t 2
t 2 1 dt t 2 1 t 2 1 2 dt
arctgt
t
2
t 1 1 2
; arctgt 2
t 2 2
dt
2
dt
t 1 2
t 2 1
2
t 1 t 1 t 2 1
2
dt t
2 2 arctgt 2artgt C
t 2 1 t 1
2
t
2I 2 arctg t C
t 1 2
t 1
I2 2 arctg t C 2
2t 1 2
310
Differential Equations
dt 1
I2 2 dt relation (c)
(t 1) 2
2
(t 1) 2
f (t )g (t )dt f (t ) g (t ) f
' '
(t )g (t )dt ; relation (d )
by identifyng the relation (c) with (d );
1
f (t ) 2
(t 1) 2
4t
f ' (t )
t 2
1 3
dg dt; g (t ) t
1 t 4t 2
I2
(t 2 1) 2 t 2 1 3
dt dt
(t 2 1) 2
t (t 2 1 1)dt t
I2
(t 1)
2 2
4 (t 1)
2 3
t 1
2 2
4I 2 4I 3
t (t 2 1 1)dt t
I2
(t 1)
2 2
4 (t 1)
2 3
t 2 1
2
4I 2 4I 3
3 t
I3 I2 C
4 4 t 1
2 2
3 t
I3 I2 C;
4 4 t 1
2 2
3t 3 t
I3 2 arctgt
8 t 1 8
4 t2 1
2
311
Differential Equations
3t 3 t
I3 arctgt
8 t 1 8
2
4 t 2 1
2
;
y2 3 x2 1 3 x2 1
y 2
arctg x 2 1 C
2 8x 8 4x 4
solution.
16) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
y 2
y 1 dy
dx
7 3 cos x 4 sin x
;
dx
y 2 y 1 dy ;
7 3 cos x 4 sin x
dx
y3 y2
3
2
y
dx
7 3 cos x 4 sin x
; 7 3 cos x 4 sin x
x x
1 tg 2 2tg
cos x 2 ; sin x 2
x x
1 tg 2 1 tg 2
2 2
x x
31 tg 2 8tg
7 3 cos x 4 sin x 7
2 2
x x
1 tg 2 1 tg 2
2 2
x x x x x
7 7tg 2 3 3tg 2 8tg 4tg 2 8tg 10
2 2 2 2 2
x x
1 tg 2 1 tg 2
2 2
312
Differential Equations
x
1 tg 2
x x
t 2 dx; tg t ; arctgtg arctgt
x x 2 2
2 2tg 2 4tg 5
2 2
arctgt ; x 2arctgt ; dx d 2arctgt 2arctgt ' dt
x
2
2 1 t 2 2 dt
dx
1 t 2
dt ; t 2 2t 2 4t 5 1 t 2
dt ; t 2t 2 4t 5
2 4 10
2t 2 4t 5 0; t1, 2 ; complex roots .
2
5 5
2t 2 4t 5 2 t 2 2t 2 t 2 2t 1 1
2 2
5 3
2 t 1 1 2 t 1
2 2
2 2
1 dt 1 1 t 1 x
t 2
arctg ; t tg
2 2 3 3 2
t 12 3 2 2
2
y3 y2 1 2 x 2
y arctg tg 1 C ; solution .
3 2 2 3 2 3
dx 1 xa
x a 2 b 2 b
arctg
b
C
x a u; d x a du ; x a ' dx du ; dx du
313
Differential Equations
dx du 1 u 1 x a C
x a 2
b 2
u b22
arctg arctg
b b b b
.
sin y y 1dy
dx
3
; sin y y 1dy
dx
;
cos x cos 3 x
y2 dx
cos y y ;
2 cos3 x
cos 2 x 1 sin 2 x
sin x t
d sin x dt
sin x ' dx dt
cos xdx dt
dt 1 A B C D
t
1 t 2
2
1 t 1 t 1 t 1 t 1 t 1 t 2
2 2 2
relatia (1).
1 t 2 0; t 1
314
Differential Equations
1 B1 1 B
2 1
4
In equation (1) is replaced by a minus value of t ( t =-1):
1 D1 1 D
2 1
4
1 1
Deci B şi D
4 4
In equation (1) is replaced with a zero value of t ( t =0):
1 A1 01 0
0 12 C 1 02 1 0 1 1 02
1 2
4 4
1 1 1
1 A C A C 1
4 4 2
In equation (1) is replaced by the value of t with two ( t =2):
4 4
9 1 5 3
1 A 9 3C 1 3C 9 A 9 A 3C
4 4 2 2
315
Differential Equations
1
3 A C
2
A C 1
2
1
4A = 1 A
4
1 1 1 1
C C
2 4 4 4
1
ABC D
4
1 1 1 1 1
1 t2
2
41 t 41 t 2
41 t 41 t 2
1 dt 1 dt 1 dt 1 dt
t
4 t 1 4 t 1 2
4 t 1 4 t 12
1 1 1 1
t ln t 1 ln t 1 C
4 4t 1 4 4t 1
t sin x
y2 1 1 1
cos y y ln sin x 1 ln sin x 1
2 4 4 sin x 1 4
1
C; solution.
4 sin x 1
316
Differential Equations
dt du u 21 1 1
t 1 u 2 1 u t 1
2
2
y2
y ctgy dy
x x x x
cos cos dx ; ln sin y cos cos dx
6 8 2 6 8
x x
6 8 dx
cos cos
cos cos
cos cos
2
x x x x
cos cos
x
cos cos
x 6 8 6 8
6 8 2
1 1 1 1
cos x cos x
6 8 6 8
2
317
Differential Equations
1 x 7 1 x 1 7
2 2 2
t cos cos x dx cos dx cos xdx
24 24 24 24
1 1 x 1 7x
t sin sin
2 1 24 7 24
24 24
y 2
1 x 24 7x
ln sin y 24 sin sin C
2 2 24 7 24
solution.
19) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
y 3
4 y 2 3 dy
1
dx ;
x 1x 2 x 12
y 31 y 21
y4 4y3
y 4 y 3 dy 3 1 4 2 1 3 y 4 3 3 y
3 2
1
dx
x 1 x x 1 2
2
dx
x 1x 2
x 1
2
318
Differential Equations
1 A Bx C Dx E
2
x 1x 2 x 1 2
x 1 x x 1 x 2 x 12
1 A x 2 x 1 Bx C x 2 x 1 x 1 Dx E x 1
2
Dx E x 1
0 x 4 0 x 3 0 x 2 0 x 1 A x 4 2 x 3 3x 2 2 x 1
B x 4 2x3 2x 2 x C x3 2x 2 2x 1 D x 2 x
E x 1
0 x 4 0 x 3 0 x 2 0 x 1 x 4 A B x 3 2 A 2 B C
x 2 3 A 2 B 2C D x2 A B 2C D E A C E
A B 0
2 A 2 B C 0
3 A 2 B 2C D 0
2 A B 2C D E 0
A C E 1
For x = -1
319
Differential Equations
1 A 1 1 1 0
2
2
1 A A 1
B 1
C 0
1 0 E 1 E 0
A 1; B 1; C 0; E 0
3 A 2 B 2C D 0
3 1 2 1 2 0 D 0 3 2 D 0 D 1
A 1; B 1; C 0 : D 1; E 0
1 1 x0 x0 1
2
x 1x 2 x 1 2
x 1 x x 1 x 2 x 12
x 1
x x
x x 1 x 2 x 12
2
dx xdx xdx
t 2
x 1 x x 1
x2 x 1
2
xdx xdx
t ln x 1 2
x x 1 x2 x 1 2
xdx
E1
x x 1
2
320
Differential Equations
x2 x 1 t
x 2
x 1 ' dx dt
2 x 1dx dt
1 2 xdx 1 2 x 1 1 1 2 x 1dx 1 dx
E1 2
2 x x 1 2 x x 1
2
dx 2
2
2 x x 1 2 x x 1
1 dt 1
2
2 t 2 x x 1 2
dx
ln t 2
1 1 dx
2 x x 1 2
1
ln x 2 x 1
1 dx
2
2 x x 1
1 1 dx
E1 ln x 2 x 1 2
2 2 x x 1
dx
x2 x 1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 3
x x 1 x 2 x 1 x 1 x
2 2
2 2 2 2 4 2 4
1
x
dx dx 1 2 2 arctg 2 x 1
x 2
x 1
2
2
3
arctg
3 3 3
1 3
x
2 2
2 2
xdx 1 1 2x 1
E1 ln x 2 x 1 arctg C1
x x 1 2
2
3 3
1 1 2x 1 xdx
t ln x 1 ln x 2 x 1 arctg
2 3 3 x2 x 1
2
321
Differential Equations
x2 x 1 u
d x 2 x 1 du
x 2
x 1 ' dx du
2 x 1dx du
xdx 1 2 xdx 1 2 x 1 1
E2
dx
x2 x 1 2
2 x2 x 1 2
2 x2 x 1 2
1 2 x 1dx 1 dx 1 du 1 dx
2
2
x x 1
2 2
2 x x 1
2 2
2 u
2 x x 1
2 2
1 u 21 1 dx 1 1 dx
2u 2 x 2 x 1 2
2 2 1 2 x2 x 1 2
1 1 dx
2 x2 x 1 2 x2 x 1 2
1 1 dx
E2
2 x x 1 2 x2 x 1 2
2
dx 2 2x 1
1 2 arctg C
x x 1 3 3
Integration by parts is:
322
Differential Equations
f ' x
1' x 2 x 1 12 x 1
2 x 1
x 2
x 1 2
x 2
x 1
2
g ' dx dx
g ' x dx dx
g x x
1
1
dx 2
x
2 x 1x dx
x x 1
2
x x 1 x2 x 1
2
x 2x2 x x x2
x2 x 1 x2 x 1 2 x2 x 1 x2 x 1 2
1 dx 2 dx
dx x x 2 x 1 ( x 1) xdx
x2 x 1 2 x2 x 1 x2 x 1 2
x
2 dx
x2 x 1 2
x
2 2
dx
2
x 1dx xdx
1 2
x x 1 x x 1 x2 x 1
2 x2 x 1
2
323
Differential Equations
2 1 x 2
x dx
1
x x 1
2
x2 x 1
2
x xdx dx
1 2 2
x x2 x2 x 1
2
x2 x 1
2
dx x xdx
2
1
x2 x 1
x x 1
2
x2 x 1
22
xdx 1 1
E2 2
x2 x 1
2
2 x x 1 2
2
x 1 1
2 2 1 2 2
x x 1 2 x x 1 2
2
2 2 2 1 x
1
x x 1 2 x x 1
2 2
2 x 1
2 1 2
3 x x 1 2 x x 1
2
2 2x 1
1 arctg C1
3 3
dx 2 2 2x 1 x 1
2 C2
x 2
x 1
2
3 3
arctg
3 x 2 x 1 2 x 2 x 1
324
Differential Equations
2x 1
y4 4 y3
1
3 y ln x 1 ln x 2 x 1
1
arctg
4 3 2 3 3
1 1 2x 1 1 x 1
arctg C ; solution .
2 x x 1 3
2
3 3 x x 1 6 x x 1
2 2
1 1
E2 2
2 x x 1 2
2
1 1 2 2 2x 1 x 1
E2 arctg 2
2 x x 1 2 3 3
2
3 x x 1 2 x x 1
2
.
20) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
y 1 dy sin 3x cos 3x dx ;
8 4
y2
y 1 dy
3x 3x 3x 3x
sin cos dx ; y sin cos dx ;
8 4 2 8 4
3x 3x
sin 8
cos dx
4
sin sin
sin cos
2
325
Differential Equations
3x 3x 3x 3x 3 3 3 3
sin sin sin x sin x
3x
sin cos
3x 8 4 8 4
8 4 8 4
8 4 2 2
9 3
sin x sin x
8 8
x
3x 3x 1 9 x 3x 3x 3x
sin cos sin sin ; sin sin ; odd function.
8 4 2 8 8 8 8
1 9x 3x
t
2 sin
8
dx sin dx
8
326
Differential Equations
y e dy
y 1
dx ;
x 1 3x 82
2
y e dy x 1 3x 8
1 y2 1
y
dx; ey dx;
2 2
2 x 1 3x 82
2
dx
x 1 3x 8
2 2
1 A B C D
x 12 3x 82 x 1 x 12 3x 8 3x 82
1 Ax 13x 8 B3x 8 C x 1 3x 8 Dx 1 ; x C
2 2 2 2
relation (1)
1 B3 1 8 B
2 1
121
In equation (1) is replaced by the value of x to -8 / 3 ( x =-8/3):
2
8
1 D 1
3
2
11 9
1 D D
3 121
327
Differential Equations
1 9
B ;D
121 121
In equation (1) is replaced by the value of x to zero ( x =0):
328
Differential Equations
6 12 6 6
5 A 2C ; 16 A 2C ; 11A ; A
121 121 121 1331
6 6 30 6
5 2C 2C
1331 121 1331 121
30 66 18
2C C
1331 1331
6 1 18 9
A ;B ;C ;D
1331 121 1331 121
1 6 1 18 1
x 12 3x 82 1331x 1 121x 12 1331 3x 8
9
1213 x 8
2
y2 6 1 18
ey ln x 1 ln 3x 8
2 1331 121x 1 1331 3
9
C ; solution .
121 33 x 8
dt
3x 8 t 3 ln t 3 ln 3x 8 C
dx 3 1 1
3x 8 t;
d 3x 8 dt
329
Differential Equations
dt
dx 1 t 21 1 1
3x 8 2
3
33x 8
.
2
t 3 2 1 3t
22) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
1
cos y dy 1 x 2 dx ;
y
1
cos y
dy
y
1 x 2 dx;
1 dy
cos y
dy cos ydy
y y
sin y ln y 1 x 2 dx;
1 x 2 dx
x sin t
dx d sin t sin t ' dt
dx cos tdt
1 x 2 1 sin t cos t
2
1 cos 2t
cos 2
2
t
1
1 cos 2t dt 1 t sin 2t C
2 2 2
330
Differential Equations
cos 2tdt
2t u
d 2t du
2t ' dt du
2dt du
du
dt
2
du 1 1
cos 2tdt cos u sin u sin 2t C1
2 2 2
t sin 2t
t C
2 4
x sin t
arcsin x arcsin sin t t
t arcsin x
sin 2 arcsin x C ;
arcsin x 1
sin y ln y
2 4
Differential equation solution.
331
Differential Equations
ln x dx
x
dx ln x
x
y 1
arctgy dy yarctgy
1 y 2
dy yarctgy ln 1 y 2 ;
2
332
Differential Equations
2 x dx
1 4x
4 x 22 x 22
x
4 x 22x
t
2 x dx
; 2 x t ; d 2 x dt; 2 ' dx dt;2
x x
ln 2dx dt
1 2 x 2
dt
dt 1 dt
2 x dx ; t ln 2 ; t sin u
ln 2 1 t 2 ln 2 1 t 2
1 t 2 1 sin 2 u cos u
1 cos u u
ln 2 cos u
t du C
ln 2
t sin u
arcsin t arcsin sin u u
1
u arcsin t ; t arcsin t C; t 2 x ;
ln 2
1
y arctgy ln 1 y 2
2
1
ln 2
arcsin 2 x C ; solution .
333
Differential Equations
a 6 y dy x
y ex
dx; a 6 y dy x
y ex
dx;
e 9 e 9
a
y
6 y dy ay
dy 6 ydy
ay
ln a
6
y2
ex
2 ex 9
dx;
e x dx
ex 9
ex 9 t
d e x 9 dt
e x
9 ' dx dt
e x dx dt
e x dx
ln t
dt
t x
e 9 t
ay
3 y 2 ln e x 9 C ;
ln a
Differential equation solution.
26) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
e2x e2x
y 2 dy dx; y 2 dy dx;
4e x 8 4e x 8
y2 e2x
2y dx;
2 4e x 8
334
Differential Equations
e 2 x dx
4e x 8
e2x e x e x
e x e x dx
t
4e x 8
4e x 8 t 2
d 4 e x 8 dt 2
4e x
8 ' dx t 2 dt
'
4e x dx 2tdt
t
e x dx dt
2
4e x 8 t 2
4e x t 2 8
t2 8
ex
4
335
Differential Equations
t2 8 t
e x dx
dt
1 t 3 8t
e
x 4 2 dt
4e x 8 t2 8 t
t
1 2
8
t 8 dt
1 t 3
t 8t C
83
4e x 8 t 2
t 4e x 8
y2
2
2y
1
24
4e 8 4e 8 C
x
3
x
y cos y sin y
1 x dx;
1 x
1 x
1 x
dx
336
Differential Equations
x t2
dx d t 2 t 2 ' dt
dx 2tdt
1 x 1 t2 t3 t
1 x dx 1 t 2tdt 2 t 1 dt
t3 t t+1
-t3-t2 t2-t+2
-t2+t
t2+t
2t
-2t-2
-2 rest
t 3 t t 1 t 2 t 2 2
t3 t t 1t 2
t 2 2 2
t 2
t 2
t 1 t 1 t 1
t 3 t 2
t 2 2t 2 ln t 1 C
3 2
337
Differential Equations
t x
x
y cos y sin y 2
3
x
2 x 2 ln
x 1 C ;
3 3
x e
3 2x
dx
2
2 x t ; d 2 x dt ; 2 x ' dx dt ; 2dx dt dx
dt
2
dt 1 t 1 2 x
e dx e x e e C1
2x
2 2 2
338
Differential Equations
x 3e 2 x e2x 2
x e dx 2 2 3x dx
3 2x
x 3e 2 x 3 2 2 x
t x e dx
2 2
x e dx
2 2x
e
2x
dx g ' x dx g x
e2x e2x
g x
2 2
e2x e2x x 2 2x
x e dx x 2 2 2 xdx 2 e xe dx
2 2x 2 2x
x 3e 2 x 3 2 2 x 3
t x e xe2 x dx C
2 4 2
xe
2x
dx
339
Differential Equations
f x x
f ' x 1
g ' dx e 2 x dx
g ' dx e
2x
dx
e2x
g x
2
xe 2 x e2x xe 2 x e 2 x
xe dx 2 2 dx 2 4 C1
2x
x 3e 2 x 3x 2 2 x 3 xe2 x e 2 x
y sin y cos y e C ; differential
2 4 2 2 4
equation solution.
ln 3 xdx dx
x
3
2
ln x
x2
340
Differential Equations
3 dx 1
13 2 ln x
3
dx
xx
3 2
ln x ln x ln xdx ; t 3 ln x
x2 x x x2
1 ln 2 x 2 ; fg' dx fg f ' gdx; f x ln x
dx 2
x
f ' x ln x; y ' dx 2 ; g x
2 dx 1
x x x
ln x 2 dx
2
1
ln x 2 1 2 ln x dx
x x x x
dx ln x
2
dx
x2
2
ln x 2 ln x
x2 x
dx
ln x x2
fg' dx fg f ' gdx
f x ln x
f ' x
1
x
341
Differential Equations
dx
g ' dx
x2
dx
g ' dx x2
g x
1
x
dx 1 1 1 1
ln x x 2
ln x 2 dx ln x
x x x x
dx ln x 2 2
2
ln x x 2 x x ln x x C1
2
y2
ln x
3
3
ln x 6 ln x 6
2
C
2 x x x x
differential equation solution.
342
Differential Equations
d 2 x 8 dt
2 x
8 ' dx dt
2 x ln 2dx dt
2x t 8
dt
dx
ln 2t 8
dt
dx t 8 ln 2 1 dt
2x 8 t
ln 2 t t 8
1 dt
t
ln 2 t t 8
1 A B
t t 8 t t 8
At 8 Bt 1; t C ; relation (1).
t1 0
t t 8 0;
2
t 8
In equation (1) is replaced with a zero value of t ( t = 0):
A0 8 1 A
1
8
In equation (1) is replaced by the value of t with eight ( t = 8):
343
Differential Equations
1
B 8 1 B
8
1 1
A B
8 8
1 1 1
t t 8 8t 8t 8
1 ln t 1
t ln t 8 C
8 ln 2 8 ln 2
2x 8 t
1 2x 8 8
t ln C
8 ln 2 2x 8
y2 1 2x
8y ln x C
2 8 ln 2 2 8
solution.
31) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
y n
6 dy cos
x
dx; y
n
6 dy cos
x
dx;
3 3
y n 1 x
6 y cos dx;
n 1 3
x
cos 3
dx
344
Differential Equations
x
t
3
x
d dt
3
x
' dx dt
3
1
dx dt
3
dx 3dt
cos x x
3 dx cos t 3dt 3 sin t 3 sin
3
C
y n1 x
6 y 3 sin C ; solution.
n 1 3
32) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
y 4
96 dy sin 2 x dx; y
4
96 dy sin 2 x dx;
y5
96 y sin 2 x dx;
5
1 cos 2 x
sin xdx
2
dx
2
345
Differential Equations
1 cos 2 x y5 1 sin 2 x
sin x
2
; 96 y x C; solution.
2 5 2 2
y 23 y dy
y 46 y2
45 2
cos x dx; 23 cos 2 x dx;
46 2
cos
2
xdx
1 cos 2 x
cos 2 x
2
y 46
y 2
1 cos 2 x 1 sin 2 x
23 dx x C
46 2 2 2 2
solution.
346
Differential Equations
y 31
26 y dy
1
x
dx; y
31
26 y dy
1
x
dx;
sin sin
8 8
y 32 1
13 y 2 dx;
32 x
sin
8
dx
x , variable is changing:
sin
8
347
Differential Equations
dy x 9 x dx; y x 9 x dx;
2 2
dy x 9 x dx;
2
x9 dx 9 xdx ;
2 2
x x
x 2 t ; d x 2 dt ; x ' dx dt ;
2
2 xdx dt ; xdx
dt
2
dt 1 9 t 1 x2 ax
t 9 t
C 9 C; a dx ln a C
x
2 2 ln 9 2 ln 9
2
9x
y C; solution.
2 ln 9
36) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
x x
(e y 3)dy
6 x 11
2
dx; (e y 3)dy
6 x 112
dx;
x
e y 3y dx;
6 x 11
2
xdx
6x2
11
6 x 2 11 t ; d 6 x 2 11 dt ; 6 x 2
11 ' dx dt ; 12 xdx dt
dt
xdx
12
348
Differential Equations
dt
1 1
t 12 ln t ; e y 3 y ln 6 x 2 11 C; solution .
t 12 12
37) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
x x
(4e y sin y )dy
x 62
dx; (4e y sin y )dy
x 6
2
dx;
x
4e y cos y dx;
x 6
2
xdx
x 2
6
x 2 6 t ; d x 2 6 dt ; x 2
6 ' dx dt ; 2 xdx dt ; xdx
dt
2
dt
xdx 2 1 ln t ; 4e y cos y 1 ln x 2 6 C ; solution .
x 6 t 2
2
2
38) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
x5 x5
( y 3 1)dy
x2 1
dx; ( y 3 1)dy
x2 1
dx;
y4 x5
y dx;
4 x2 1
x5 xdx dx
x2 1
dx
x2 1
5
x2 1
349
Differential Equations
xdx
x 2 1
x2 1 t 2
d x 2 1 dt 2
x
1 ' t 2 ' dt
2
2 xdx 2tdt
xdx tdt
xdx tdt
x2 1
t
t x2 1
xdx
x 1
2
x 2 1 C1
dx
x a
2 2
ln x x 2 a 2 C1
dx
x2 1
ln x x 2 1 C1
y4
y x 2 1 5 ln x x 2 1 C ; solution .
4
39) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
1 1
( y 3 1)dy
x x2 1
4
dx; ( y 3 1)dy
x x2 1
4
dx;
y4 1
y dx;
4 x x2 1
4
350
Differential Equations
dx
x 4
x2 1
x 4 x 2 1 x 4 x 2 x 2 x 2 1 x 4 2x 2 1 x 2
x2 1 x2
2
a 2 b 2 a ba b
x 2
2
1 x2 x2 1 x x2 1 x ; x2 x 1 0
1 1 4 1 Ax B Cx D
x1, 2 2 2
2
;
x x 1 x x 1 x x 1 x x 1
2 2
1
Ax B x 2 x 1 Cx D x 2 x 1
x4 x2 1 x4 x2 1
1 A x3 x 2 x B x 2 x 1 C x3 x 2 x D x 2 x 1
1 0 x3 0 x 2 0 x 1
0 x3 0 x2 0 x 1 x3 A C
x 2 A B C D x A B C D B D ;
Matching the coefficients result:
A C 0
A B C D 0
A B C D 0
B D 1
351
Differential Equations
B D 0
B D 1
2B = 1
1 1
B ;D
2 2
A C 0
A B C D 0
A C 0
1 1
A C 0
2 2
A C 0
A C 1
2A = -1
1 1 1 1
A ; B ;C ; D
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
x x
1
22 2 2 2
x x 1 x x 1 x x 1
4 2 2
352
Differential Equations
dx 1 xdx 1 dx 1 xdx
x x 1
42
2 2 2
2 x x 1 2 x x 1 2 x x 1
1 dx dx
2 ; 1 2
2 x x 1 x x 1
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
x x 1 x 2 x 1 x 1
2 2
2 2 2 2 4
1
2 x
1 3 dx 1
x ; 1 arctg 2
2 4 2
1 3
2
3 3
x
2 2 2 2
2 2x 1
1 arctg C1
3 3
dx 1 x a C;
x a
b2 b
2
arctg
b
dx dx
2 2
x x 1 1 3
2 2
x
2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
x x 1 x 2 x 1 x 1
2 2
2 2 2 2 4
353
Differential Equations
1
2
2 x
1 3 1
x ; 2
arctg 2 C 2;
2 2 3 3
2 2
2 2x 1
2 arctg C 2;
3 3
1 xdx 1 2 2x 1 1 xdx
t
2 x x 1 2 3
2
arctg
3
2
2 x x 1
1 2 2x 1
arctg C
2 3 3
xdx
3
x x 1
2
x 2 x 1 t; d x 2 x 1 dt; x 2 x 1 ' dx dt; 2 x 1dx dt
1 2 xdx 1 2 x 1 1 1 dt 1 2 2x 1
2 x x 1 2 x x 1 2 t 2 3
3 2
2
dx arctg
3
1 1 2x 1
3 ln t arctg C3
2 3 3
1 1 2x 1
3 ln x 2 x 1 arctg C3
2 3 3
4 2
xdx
x x 1
; x 2 x 1 u; d x 2 x 1 du
x x 1 ' dx du; 2 x 1dx du
2
354
Differential Equations
1 2 xdx 1 2 x 1 1
4 2
2 x x 1 2 x x 1
2
dx
1 2 x 1dx 1 dx 1 du 1 2 2x 1
2 2 arctg
2 x x 1 2 x x 1 2 u 2 3 3
1 1 2x 1
ln u arctg C4
2 3 3
1 1 2x 1
4 ln x 2 x 1 arctg C4
2 3 3
y4 1 1 1 2 x 1 1 2x 1
y ln x 2 x 1 arctg arctg
4 2 2 3 3 3 3
1 1 2x 1 1 2x 1
ln x 2 x 1 arctg arctg C ; solution .
4 2 3 3 3 3
40) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
1 1 1 1
( y3 5
)dy dx; ( y 3 5 )dy dx;
y 4
1 x4 y 4
1 x4
4 51 4
y y 1 y 1 1
dx; 4 dx;
4 5 1 4
1 x4 4 4y 4
1 x4
dx
4
1 x4
Variable is changed:
355
Differential Equations
x4 1 4 1 1 1 1
t ; 1 4 t 4 ; t 4 1; x4 ; x
x 4
x x 4
t 1
4 4
t 4 1
1 1
dx d
4 4
' dt;
u ' n u'u
n n 1
t 1 t 1
4 4
1 4
1 1 5
1 1 1
' t 1 4 t 4 1 ' t 4 1 4 4t 3 t 4 1 4
4 4
t 1 4 4
t3
t 4 1 4 t 4 1
t3
dx dt
t 4
1 4 t 4 1
4
1 1 t4
1 x 1
1 t 4 1 t 4 1
4
4 4
t 1
t
4
1 x4
t 1
4 4
t3
dt
dx t 1 t 1
4
4 4
t 3 dt t 1
4 4
4 1 x4 t
t 4 1 4 t 4 1 t
t 1
4 4
356
Differential Equations
t 2 dt
t 4
t 1
a 4 b 4 a b a b a 2 b 2 ; t 4 1 t 1t 1 t 2 1
t2 A B Ct D
2
t 1 t 1 t 1 t 1
4
t 2 At 1 t 2 1 Bt 1 t 2 1 Ct D t 2 1 ;
t C ; relation (1)
t 4 1 0; t 2
1 t 2 1 0; t 2 1 0; t 1
In equation (1) t is replaced with a value ( t =1):
12 A1 1 12 1 1 4 A A
1
4
In equation (1) t is replaced with a value less ( t = -1):
12
A 0 B 1 1 1 1 1 4 B B
2
1
4
In equation (1) is replaced t with zero ( t = 0):
02
1
4
0 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 C 0 D 0 2 1
4
1 1 1
0 DD
4 4 2
1 1 1
A ;B ;D
4 4 2
357
Differential Equations
22
1
2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2C 1 2 2 1
4 4 2
15 5 3 10 3 5 3
4 6C 4 6C 4 6C
4 4 2 4 2 2 2
4 4 6C C 0
1 1 1
Result : A ; B ; C 0; D
4 4 2
1
2 0t
t 1 1
2 2
t 1 4t 1 4t 1
4
t 1
t2
t 1 4
4
dt
1
ln t 1
1
ln t 1
1
arctgt C
4 2
t ln t 1 ln t 1 arctgt C
1 1 1
4 4 2
x4 1 4 x4 1 4
x4 1
t ; t 4
x4 x4 x
4
x4 1
1 4 x4 1
y4 1 1 1
4 ln x arctg C ; solution .
4 4y 4 4
x 1
4 2 x
1
x
358
Differential Equations
a cx dx
a cx t 2 ; d a cx dt 2 ; a cx ' dx t 2 ' dt
2t
cdx 2tdt dx dt
c
2 2t 2 2 2 t3
a cx dx t c dt c t dt c 3 A
2
t t 3 A; t a cx ; 2 y 2 8 y
3c
2
3c
3
a cx A
A is some constant.
42) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
x x
( y 6 9)dy
x2 6
dx; ( y 6 9)dy
x2 6
dx;
y7 x
9y dx;
7 x2 6
xdx
x2 b
t
x 2 6 t 2 ; d x 2 6 dt 2 ; x 2
6 ' dx t 2 ' dt; 2xdx 2tdt
359
Differential Equations
xdx tdt y7
xdx tdt ; x2 6
t
dt t;
7
9 y x2 6 C
solution.
43) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
1 1
(12 y )dy
dx; (12 y )dy
dx;
11 cos 4 x 11 cos 4 x
4 4
y2 1
12 y dx;
2
11cos 4 x
4
dx 1 dx
11
11 cos 4 x cos 4 x
4 4
Variable is changing:
4x t
4
dt
d 4 x dt ; 4 x ' dx dt ; 4dx dt ; dx
4 4 4
dt t
1 tg 2
1 1 dt
t 4 ; cos t 2
11 cos t 44 cos t t
1 tg 2
2
360
Differential Equations
t
1 tg 2
1 2 dt ; tg t u; arctgtg t arctgu ; t arctgu
t
44 1 tg 2 t 2 2 2
2
t 2arctgu ; dt d 2arctgu 2arctgu ' du; dt
2
du
1 u2
1 1 u 2 2du 1 du 1 1 u 1
t
44 1 u 1 u
2 2
2
22 u 1
ln
22 2 u 1
C
t
1
tg
1 2
t ln C; t 4 x
44 t 4
tg 1
2
4x
tg 4
2
2
ln 1 C ; solution .
y 1
12 y
2 44
4x
tg 4
2
44) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
sin x cos x
(e 2 y 1)dy dx;
cos x sin x
2 2
361
Differential Equations
362
Differential Equations
Variable is changing:
ln x t
y a3y 1
e C ; solution.
2ln x
2
3 ln a
46) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
1 sin x dx; 1 sin x dx; y2 1 sin x dx;
ydy
x cos x ydy
x cos x 2
x cos x
1 sin x dx
x cos x
x cos dx t ; d x cos x dt ; x cos x ' dx dt
1 sin x dx dt
dt y2
t ln t C; ln x cos x C ; solution.
t 2
363
Differential Equations
y 4 y 2
6 cos y dy
1
dx; y 4 y
2
6 cos y dy
1
dx;
ex ex
y2 4y3 1
6 sin y dx;
2 3 ex
dx
ex
e ' dx t ' dt;
ex t 2; d ex d t 2 ; x 2
e x dx 2tdt ; e x t 2
2t 2
dx 2
dt dx dt
t t
dt
2
dx dt t 21 2 2
e x t 2 t 2 2 2 1 t e x C;
t
y2 4 y3 2
6 sin y C; solution.
2 3 ex
48) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
3 y 9dy 4 x cos x dx; 3 y 9dy 4 x cos x dx;
3y 2
9 y 4 x cos x dx;
2
4
x
cos xdx
364
Differential Equations
1 4 x sin xdx 4 x cos x cos x 4 x ln 4dx
t 4 x cos dx 4 x sin x ln 4 4 x cos x ln 4 4 x cos xdx
1 ln 4 4
2 x
cos xdx 4 x sin x 4 x ln 4 cos x C
4 x sin x ln 4 cos x 3y2
4 cos xdx 9 y ; solution .
x
C
1 ln 2 4 2
365
Differential Equations
5
x
sin xdx
5 cos xdx
x
366
Differential Equations
t 5 x sin xdx 5 x cos x ln 5 5 x sin x ln 5 5 x sin xdx C
1 ln 5 5 sin xdx 5 cos x ln 5sin x C
2 x x
5x y2
t 5 sin xdx
x
cos x ln 5 sin x C cos y;
1 ln 5
2
2
solution.
50) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
y sin y dy cos(ln x) dx; y sin y dy cos(ln x) dx;
y2
cos y cos(ln x) dx;
2
cosln x dx
fg' dx fg f ' gdx
f x cosln x ; f ' x ln x ' sin ln x sin ln x
1
x
cos u ' u ' sin u; g ' dx dx; g ' dx dx; g x x
367
Differential Equations
sin ln x dx x sin ln x x cosln x dx x sin ln x cosln x dx
x
x ln xdx ln x x 6 dx
6
368
Differential Equations
x7
g x
7
7
x x7 1 x7 1 6 x7 1 x7
t ln x dx ln x x dx; t ln x C
7 7 x 7 7 7 7 7
x7 x7
y ln x C; solution .
7 49
52) Submitting to solve the differential equation :
x e dx
4 x 5
x 5 t ; d x 5 dt; x ' dx dt;
5
5 x 4 dx dt
dt dt 1
x 4 dx ; t e x x 4 dx et et C
5
5 5 5
1 5
cos y e x C ; solution.
5
53) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
12
y 1 dy x 2 6 x 8 ln x dx;
369
Differential Equations
12 y 1 dy x 2 6 x 8ln x dx;
y 112
13
12
13
x 2 6 x 8 ln x dx;
x
6 x 8 ln xdx ln x x 2 6 x 8 dx
2
g ' dx x 2 6 x 8 dx; g ' dx x
2
6 x 8 dx
x3 6x2 x3
g x 8 x; g x 3x 2 8 x
3 2 3
x3
3x 2 8 x
x
3
ln x x 2
6 x 8 dx
3 3 x 2
8 x ln x 3 dx
x
y 112
13
x3 1 x 3 3x 2
12 3x 8x ln x
2
8x C; solution.
13 3 3 3 2
370
Differential Equations
3
y2
x ln
2 x dx
3 2 x
2
2 x
2 x dx
x ln
2 x
ln 2 x xdx fg' dx fg f ' gdx
2 x
'
2 x 2 x
f x ln ; f ' x
2 x 2 x
2 x
2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 4
'
2 x 2 x 2 2 x 2 2 x 2
4 2 x
f ' x f ' x
4 4
;
2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x
2
x 4
2
x2
g ' dx xdx; g ' dx xdx; g x
2
371
Differential Equations
x2 2 x x2 4
t ln 2
dx
2 2 x 2 x 4
x2 2 x x2
2 2 x x2 4
t ln 2 dx
1 2
x 2 dx
x2 4 4 dx
x 4 x2 4
dx dx 4 x 2 22
1 x2
x 4 ln C
2 x2
2 y y x2 2 x x2
ln 2 x 4 ln C , solution .
3 2 2 x x2
55) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
ln ln x ln ln x ln ln x
dy
x
dx; ; dy
x
dx; y
x
dx;
ln ln x
dx ln ln x
dx
x x
ln x t ; d ln x dt ;
1
dx dt
x
t ln t dt f x g ' t dt f t g t f ' t gdt
372
Differential Equations
t
t ln tdt t ln t dt t ln t t ; t ln x
t
y ln x ln ln x ln x C; solution .
56) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
( y 4)dy x 2 6 arctg3x dx; ; ( y 4)dy x 2 6 arctg 3 x dx;
y2
2
4 y x 2 6 arctg3x dx;
x
2
6 arctg 3 xdx arctg 3 x x 2 6 dx
f x f ' x dx f x g x f ' x g x dx
f x arctg 3 x; f ' x
3x ' ; arctgu ' u '
1 3 x 1 u 2
2
f ' x
3
1 9x2
;
g ' dx x 2 6 dx; g ' dx x
2
6 dx
x3
g x 6x
3
x3 x3 3
arctg3 x x 6 2
dx
3 6 x
arctg3 x 3
6 x dx
1 9x
2
x3
t 6 x arctg3x
x x 2 18
dx
3 1 9 x 2
373
Differential Equations
x3 + 18x 9x2 + 1
x 1
- x3 - x
9 9
1 161x
x18 rest
9 9
x 3 18 x x
2x 161
x 18 x 9 x 1
3
9 9
x;
161x
9x 1 9 9 9x2 1
2
x 3 18 x 1 161 x
1
9 9 9x2 1
dx xdx dx
9x2 1
1 x 2 161 xdx
9 9x2 1
1
9 2
9 x 2 1 t ; d 9 x 2 1 dt ; 18 xdx dt ; xdx
dt
18
dt
xdx 18 1 ln t 1 ln 9 x 2 1
9 x 2 1 t 18
18
x 2 161 1
1 ln 9 x 2 1
18 9 18
x3
2
y x 2 161
4 y 6 x arctg 3x ln 9 x 2 1 C ; solution .
2 3 18 162
374
Differential Equations
x 2 dx
16 x 2
x 4 sin t ; dx d 4 sin t ; dx 4 sin t ' dt ; dx 4 cos tdt
x 2 dx 4 sin t 2 4 cos tdt 16 4 cos tdt
sin
2
t
16 x 2 16 16 sin 2 t 4 cos t
1 cos 2t 1 cos 2t
16 sin 2 tdt 16 dt ; sin 2 t
2 2
sin 2t
t 8t C
2
x x x
x 4 sin t ; sin t ; arcsin sin t arcsin ; t arcsin
4 4 4
y2 x 1 x
24 y 8arcsin sin 2 arcsin C; solution .
2 4 2 4
375
Differential Equations
ln xdx
x 1 6 ln x ln 2 x
u3
6 t tu 2 2u t u 2 1 6 2u; t 2 2
u 1
u 3 u 3 u 1 2u u 3 1 u 6u
2 2
dt 2 2 ' du ; 2 '
u 1 u 1 u 1
2 2
u 2 12
du ; t 2 u 3
u 2 6u 1
dt 2
u 2 12 u 2 1
376
Differential Equations
2u u 3
1 6t t 2 tu 1 1
u2 1
2u 2 6u u 2 1 u 2 6u 1
u2 1 u2 1
1 6t t
2 u 2 6u 1
u2 1
2u 3 2 u 2 6u 1du
tdt u2 1 u 1
2 2
1 6t t 2
u 6u 1
2
u2 1
4
u 3u 2 6u 1 u 2 1
du 4
u 3du
u 2
1 3
u 6u 1
2
u 2 1
2
udu du
t 4 12
u 2
1 2
u 2
1 2
d u u dv
u 2 1 v; 2
1 dv; 2
1 ' du dv; 2udu dv; udu
2
dv
udu 1 v 21 1 1
u 2 1
2
2
v
2
2 2 1
2v 2 u 2 1
2 1 6t t 2 1
t ; t ln x
u 2 1
12
2 ; u
t
377
Differential Equations
3y2 2
26 y 2
12 2 ; solution.
2 1 6 ln x ln 2 x 1
1
ln x
arctgu u
I2
2
2 1 u2
1 6 ln x ln 2
1 6 ln x ln x 1 2
1 x 1 1
arctg ln x
I2
2
ln x
2
1[
1 6 ln x ln x 1] 2
2
C.
ln x
dx
3 x 1 x
1 x t 2 ; d 1 x dt 2 ; 1 x ' dx t 2 ' dt
dx 2tdt dx 2tdt ; x 1 t 2 ; 3 x 3 1 t 2 2 t 2
dx 2tdt dt 1 t
3 x 1 x 2 t 2 t t 2 2
2
2
2
arctg
2
C
1 x
t 1 x; y 2arctg C ; solution .
2
378
Differential Equations
x
x 4 dx ; variable is changing: x = t2 :
dx d t 2 t 2 ' dt ; dx 2tdt
x t t2 t2 4 4
x 4 t2 4
dx 2tdt 2 t2 4 dt 2 t 2 4 dt
dt 1 t
t 2 dt 8 2t 8 arctg C ; t x
t 2
2 2
2 2
y2 x
2 x 4arctg C ; solution .
2 2
61) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
dy sin 3 xdx; dy sin 3 xdx; y sin 3 xdx ;
379
Differential Equations
sin 2 x 1 cos 2 x; t 1 cos 2 x sin xdx
cos x t ; d cos x dt ; cos x ' dx dt ; sin xdx dt
sin xdx dt
t 1 t 2 dt t 2 1 dt t3
3
t C;
y
cos x
3
cos x C
3
solution.
62) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
7y2
7 y 9dy cos5 xdx; 7 y 9dy cos 5 xdx ; 9 y cos5 xdx;
2
cos2 x 1 sin 2 x
1 sin x
2
t 2
cos xdx
sin x t
380
Differential Equations
t3 t5
t t 2 C ; t sin x;
3 5
7 y2
9 y sin x sin x sin x C ; solution .
2 3 1 5
2 3 5
63) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
dy
ex dy e x dx
dx
x x
dy e dx e c
y( x) e x c
differential equation solution.
64) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
sin x
dy dx
y
y2
ydy sin x dx se int egreaza ydy sin xdx; 2
cos x C
381
Differential Equations
dx
y( x) dx x ln x 1 C
x 1
y( x) x ln x 1 C.
66) Submitting to solve the differential equation:
dy dx dy dx
(tgx 1)dy (sin y 1)dx; ; ;
sin y 1 tgx 1 sin y 1 tgx 1
y y y y
2tg 2tg tg 2 2tg 1
sin y 2 ; sin y 1 2 1 2 2
y y y
1 tg 2 1 tg 2 1 tg 2
2 2 2
y y
1 tg 2 1 tg 2
dx y
y 2 1 tgx ; y 2 dy; tg 2 t
2 dy 2
tg 1 tg 1
2 2
y y
arctg tg arctg t; arctg t ; y 2arctg t ; dy d (2arctg t ) (2arctg t ) ' dt
2 2
2
dy dt
1 t2
y
1 tg 2
2 dy 1 t
2
2dt dt t 1
2 1
y 2 (t 1) 2 (t 2 1) 2 (t 1) 2 2 2 1
tg 1
2
2 2
(t 1) y
tg 1
2
382
Differential Equations
y u 21
1 tg 2 dt dn 1 1
2
y 2 y
2 dy ; (t 1) 2
u 2
2 1 u t 1
tg 1 tg 1 t 1 u d (t 1) du (t 1) ' dt du dt du
2 2
dx dv 1
1 tgx 1 v 1 v 2 ; tgx v ; arctg tg x arctg v; x actgv
1
dx d (arctgv ) (arctgv ) , dv; dx dv
1 v2
1 A Bv c
; 1 A(1 v 2 ) ( Bv c)(v 1); v C
(1 v)(1 v ) 1 v 1 v
2 2
1
For v = -1: 1 A 2 A
2
For v = 0:
1 1 1 1
1 C.1; C ; A ; C
2 2 2 2
For v = 1:
1 1
1 (1 12 ) B (1 1)
2 2
1
1 1 2B 1 B
2
1 1 1
A ; B ; C
2 2 2
1 1
v
1 1
2 2
(v 1)(v 1) 2(v 1)
2 2
v 1
383
Differential Equations
dv 1 dv 1 v 1 dv
(v 1)(v 1)
2
2 dv 2
2 v 1 2 v 1 2 v 1
dv
vdv 1 1
v 2 1 q 2 ln q 2 ln v 1
2 2
dq
v 2 1 q; d (v 2 1) dq; (v 2 1) ' dv dq; 2vdv dq; vdv
2
dv 1 1 1
(v 1)(v 2 1) 2 ln v 4 ln( v 1) 2 arctg v; v tg x
2
dx 1 1 1
1 tgx 2 ln( tgx) 4 ln( tg x 1) 2 x
2
2 1 1 x
ln( tgx ) ln( tg 2 x 1) C , solution .
y 2 4 2
tg 1
2
384
Differential Equations
Bibliography
385