I 'I-II-II - I I I I I I I I I -

Contents'.
'L. Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis
2. ComplexSeismicAttributes
3. A*plitudes & TimesAttributes
4. Multi-attributes
5. Time LapseSeismic
6. Multicomponentsfor FractureAnalysis
IIIIIIIITT-IIIIIIIII

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis

By:
SigitSulwnono

Lab.of ReservoirGeophysics
Dept.of GeophysicalEngineering
Instituteof TechnologyBandung
2005
I--IIII- I I I I '-I I I I I I

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis

Page

1. Definition & Illustration 1

2. majorTypesof DataandMethqd l3

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalvsis

By: SigitSukmono
 1. Pefinition & Illustration

Reservoiranalysis/ characterization is defined as a processto describequalitativelyand/or quantitativelythe reservoir

charactersusing all existing data. Seismic reservoir analysisI charucterizationis defined as a processto desuibe
qualitativelyand/or quantitativelythe reservoircharactersusing seismicas the main data. It is called also as seismic
reservoiranalysis.

Threeparts of seismicreservoiranalysisprocess: 1) delineation,2) descriptionand 3) reservoirmonitoring.Reservoir

delineationis definedasthe delineationof reservoirgeometry,includingthe faults and facieschangeswhich can affect the
reservoirproductionperformance.Reservoirdescriptionis the processfor definingtho reservoirphysicalpropertiessuchas
the porosityopermeability,water saturation,pore fluid analysis,etc (Figure1). Reservoirmonitoringassociatesmainly with
themonitoringof reservoirphysicalpropertieschangesduringthe productionof hydro,carbon from the reservoir.

Figure 1 showstypical problemsof reservoirdelineations.The choiceson best seismicmethodto solvethe problemwill

of the reservoirandquantity-qualityof existingseismicdata.
dependon the geologicalcharacteristic

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalvsis

By: SigitSukmono

T IIfI rffIIIf I I I T IIII

I I I I I IT I I I I I I !E gg l |EI
- - - -

Next well placed here ?

where is thepinch-out ?

One or two reserttoirs ? where is the trap ?

Figure1. Typicalproblemsin reservoircontinuitydelineation

Intoduction to SeismicReservoirAnalysis
3
By: Sigit Sukmono
 In generalthe reservoircharacteristics
is affectedby the following parameters
(Kelkar, 1982):

1. Distributionof grainsizeandpores.
2. Porosityandpermeabilityof the reservoir.
3. Porefluids
4. Faciesandenvironmentaldepositiondistribution.
5. Descriptionof the basinandreservoirbody

A good reservoir characteizationis the key for the successof reservoirmanagement.Reservoirmanagementis an

economicprocessto increasethe value of the property.The economicsvalue of€ reservoirincreasesif the proven
reserveincreasesor the reservoirproductionrateincreases.

Two majorchallengesfor managingreservoirin 21stcenturyare (Sheriff, 1992): ,,

1. Accurateandearly charactenzation of reservoirparametersincludingthe volumetric,fluids behavior,lithology and

continuity.
2. Improvethe reservoirengineeringtreatmentsothe reservoir canbe accuratelymonitoredandefficientlymanaged.

Figure2 to 9 illustratevariousseismicmethodsusedin reservoircharacterization

Infioductionto SeismicReservoirAnalvsis

By: Sigit Sukmono

TIIIIIII NI I I f Dt F @
Figure2 Comparisonbetweenconventionalseismicsection(top) and AI sectionderivedfrom seismicinversion(bottom).
Give commenton the well position& the capabilityof eachsectionin describingthe reservoirheterogeneity.

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis

By: SigitSukmono
Figure3 Seismic3D (left) andcoherency(right)time-slicefor detailstratigraphicanalysis

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis

By: SigitSukmono
6
Figure4.3D seismicmultiattributes(left : coherencyx RMS amplitude,right : responsefrequency)for paleodepositional
environmentanalysis

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis
7
By: SigitSukmono
 Figure5. 3-D seismictime-slicefor quick structuralmapping

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalvsis

By: SigitSukmono
 Figure6. Examplesof porositysectionderivedfrom seismicinversion

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalvsis
9
By: SigitSukmono
 -:
I

t .-

.:
i
: : a.-
]: j
i ..

Figure7. Examplesof seismicdirecthydrocarbonindicator.Whereis the gas-watercontact

(minimumphase-SEG reversepolarity)

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis
10
By: SigitSukmono
UFpsrPe$ama$tearn
Atr og'l
A
A'
TIME
M$'
16S

1 &0

?00
Lowar Pefiarna Slearn

22fr

?{0

zSS

Figure8. Illustrationof time-sagdueto the steampresence(Kurniawan,1999)

By: SigitSukmono
 MAPAREAOF INTEREST
CONFORMANCE

Figure9. Illustrationon
steammovement
monitoringusing 4D-
seismic(Kurniawan,1999)
I_l
'ltro' : lsFfsF*miil* * : C$l-S Fn$O{tf,gn
WWt
W$ :LffiflFff$n*A ,nsT PnOPU{ta
I
fft : ItrffCToft ffLL
t/5*'"'

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis

By: SigitSukmono
12
2. Maior Typesof Data and Method

are 1) well's log (especiallysonicand densitylog). 2) seismicand 3)

Major datausedin seismicreservoircharucterization
reservoir

to improvethe strengthandreducethe weakness

Integratingthemis necessary
Eachdatahasstrengthandweaknesses.

Figure l0 illustratesconventionaland integratedapproachof seismic and 1og data. Figure 11 illustratedexampleson

integratingthesedata.

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis
13
By: SigitSukmono
 CalibratedAnalysis

RESERVOIR
RESERVOIR
Seismic
Measurement

Seismogram
Seismic Synthetic
Measurement

Figure10.Conventionalandintegratedanalysisof seismicandlog data.

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis

By: SigitSukmono
l4
 Small

a
velocity
and/or ..2 ..
density I
a
aa Decreasing
t,/t.

br
a
Porosity velocity
'
a 1t Increases and
t a
a
a
/ a density
a a
aa
fa I a
a'
aa
t..7 .
t./, t,
.
t
Large a

Small poroslty Large

Figure11.Examplesof direct(left) andindirect(right) calibrationof of seismicandlog data.

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis
15
By: SigitSukmono
Integratedmultidisciplineapproachis very usefulto getthe optimumreservoirmanagement (Figure12).
Casesfrom YPF MaxusIndonesiashowsthat it canincreasethe reservoir productionsignificantly(Figure13-14)

Main seismicmethodsusedin reservoircharacterization

are :

1. Seismicstratigraphyandsystem-tract analysis:reservoirdelineationcorrelationandclassification.
2. Seismicinversion: reservoirdelineation,correlationandclassificationplus description
3. Seismicattributes: delineation,correlation,physical propertiesdescriptionandfluid identification.
4. AVO/AVA : physicalpropertiesdescriptionandfluid analysis.
5. 4-D Seismic: reservoirmonitorins.

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis

By: SigitSukmono
16
 PETROPHYSICS

DEVELOPMENT
GEOLOGISTS PJSERVOIRENGINEERS

ENLORATION
GEOPHYSICITS
EXPLORATION PROIECT ENGIMERS
COMPLETION
LEADER)
EPLORATIONGEOLOGISTS ENGINEERS
DRILLING

GEOPHYSICISTS
DEVELOPMENT

PETROPHYSICTS

DEVELOPMENT
GEOLOGISTS RESERVOIRENGINEERS

DEVELOPMENT
GEOPHYSICITS
DEVELOPMENT (PROJECT ENGINEERS
COMPLETION

GEOLOGISTS
EXPLORATION
ENGIMERS
DRILLING

PRODUCTIONENGIMERS

(Sneider,1999)
for reservoirmanagement
Figure12.Multidisciplineapproach

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis
l'l
By: SigitSulcnono
 100
90
80
70
15
60
50
10 40
30
5 20
10
0 0

E U it. Rec.MMBO W s/Bbl ----{- ROR

Figure13.Resultsof multidiscipline
approach from 1989to 1994(Sneider,
in MaxusIndonesia R., 1999)

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalysis

By: SigitSukmono
I8
 btd bld
5 55000

4 45000

35 35000

25 25000
JAN 92 JAN 93 JAN 94 JAN 95
EXrsrrNGpRoDucrroNDEcLINE(JAN.1989- ApR.1995)
W

btd bld
5 5s000
4 45000

3 35000
2 25000
JAN 90 JAN 9I JAN 92 JAN 93 JAN 94 JAN 95
W EXrsrrNGpRoDUcrIoNDECLINE
(JAN.lgse- ApR.le95)
E- NEW TOTAL PRODUCTIONAND DECLINE FROM INFILL
AND DEVELOPMENTWELLS (JAN. 1989- APR. 1995)

Sumatra(Sneider,R.,
Figure14.Reserveadditionresultedfrom multidisciplineapproachin MaxusSoutheast
1999)

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalvsis
T9
By: SigitSukmono
btd btd
5s000 55000
45000 45000
35000 35000
25000 25000
JAN 89 JAN 90 JAN 91 JAN 92 JAN 93 JAN 94 JAN 95

btd btd
55000 55000
45000 45000

35000 35000
25000 2s000
JAN 89 JAN 90 JAN 9I JAN 92 JAN 93 JAN 94 JAN 95

NEW TOTAL PRODUCTIONAND DECLINE FROM INFILL

ffi
AND DEVELOPMENTWELLS (JAN. 1989- APR. 1995)

Sumatra(Sneider,R., 1999)
Figure14.Reserveadditionresultedfrom multidisciplineapproachin MaxusSoutheast

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalvsis

By: SigitSukmono
20
 Bibliography

1. The University of Tulsa, OklahomaWaite,

Kelkar, M., 1982,Applied Geostatisticsfor ReservoirCharacterization,
r997
2. Kumiawan,I.,1999,Aplikasiseismik4-D untukmonitoringpergerakan uap,skripsi51, TeknikGeofisika- ITB.
J. Richardson,J.G.and Sneider,R.M., 1992,Synergismin reservoirmanagement, ln ReservoirGeophysics, ed. : Sheriff,
R.E.,SEG
4. Sheriff,R.8., t992,ReservoirGeophysics,SEG.
5. Sneider,R., 1999,Multidisciplinaryteamsin explorationand production: Their value and future,Part 1, Concepts,
definitionandteamsuccesses, The LeadingEdge,December1999.
6. Sukmono,S., 1999a,Interpretasi SeismikRefleksi,TeknikGeofisika,ITB.
7. Sukmono,S., 1999b,SeismikStratigrafi,Teknik Geofisika,ITB.
8. Teknik Geofisika,ITB.
Sukmono,S.,2000,SeismikInversiUntuk KarakterisasiReservoar,
9. Sukmono,S.,2001,SeismikAtribut Untuk KarakterisasiReservoar,Teknik Geofisika,ITB.

Introductionto SeismicReservoirAnalvsis
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By: SigitSukmono