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Anology Human Body Approach
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Respiratory system
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Metabolic system
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Energy Release
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Energy Use
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Energy Use
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Muscular Work
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Muscular Work
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Neuromuscular Physiology
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Work Physiology
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Assessment Of Energy Expenditures At Work
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Energy Requirement
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Energy Requirements
Basal Metabolism
– Minimum amount of energy needed to keep the body
functioning. Energy used only to sustain the vital circulatory
and respiratory functions.
Resting/Digestive Metabolism
– (Easier To Measure) 10 -15 % higher than basal metabolism.
energy used for digestion
Work/Activity Metabolism
– Increase in metabolism when you go from rest to work the
amount of energy needed to perform work is called the work
metabolism
– energy associated with physical activity
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Total Metabolic Rate
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Factors
For our purposes we will use the following values for weight and
gender, and then apply an age correction to these values.
Note that the values are hourly rates (BMRh):
For a 20-year-old male, BMRh/kg = 1.0 kcal/hr per kg of body
weight
For a 20-year-old female, BMRh/kg = 0.9 kcal/hr per kg of body
weight
As a person ages, his or her basal metabolism rate declines
slowly, so the age correction is simply to subtract 2 % from the
preceding values for each decade above 20 years (we ignore
people significantly younger than 20 because they are not in the
workforce).
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Basal Metabolic Rate
Depends on:
– Weight
– Gender
– Age
– Heredity
– Percentage of body fat
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Example: Daily Basal Metabolism Rate
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Solution
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Solution
For 24 hours,
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Daily Rate of Digestive Metabolism
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Muscular Effort and Work Physiology
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Work Activity and Energy Expenditure
Energy expenditure,
heart rate, and
oxygen consumption
for several
categories of work
activity
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Cardiovascular/Respiratory Capacity and Energy
Expenditure
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Conditions
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Example: Daily Total Metabolic Rate for Various Activities
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Energy Expenditure Rates
Sleeping BMRm
Standing (not walking) 2.2 kcal/min
Walking at 4.5 km/hr 4 kcal/min
Jogging at 7.2 km/hr 7.5 kcal/min
Soldering work (seated) 2.7 kcal/min
Mowing lawn (push mower) 8.3 kcal/min
Chopping wood 8 kcal/min
Shoveling in front of furnace 10 kcal/min
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Solution
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Solution : Total Metabolic Rate – TMR
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Oxygen Debt
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Oxygen Debt Illustrated
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Recommended Energy Expenditure
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Value of Energy Expenditure
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Value of Energy Expenditure
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Example: Calculation of Time Weighted Average of
Energy Expenditure Rates
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Solution
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Rest Periods
Common in industry
– Paid for by the employer as regular work time
– Rest breaks usually included in allowance factor built into the
time standard
– Relatively short duration - 5 to 20 minutes
– Meal periods - not included
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Rest Period Time
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Example : Determine Rest Period for Given Work Time
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Solution
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Alternative of Rest Period Equation
It uses the total time TT rather than the actual work time Twrk .
This formula can be stated as follows:
TT = Twrk + Trst = total time that includes both work time and rest
time, min.
For example, the total time might be the number of hours in the
shift.
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Example: Determining the Appropriate Rest Proportion for an 8-
hour Shift
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Solution(a)
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Solution(b)
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Solution(c)
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Muscle Strength and Endurance
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Static vs. Dynamic Muscular Activities
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Factors Affecting Strength
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Muscle Endurance
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Muscle Endurance
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Work Metabolism
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Work Metabolism
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Fatigue
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Fatigue
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Recovery of Fatigue
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