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Friday, December 1, 2017 7:04 PM

Nutrition: science of nutrients and their actions in the body

organic nutrients: carbon containing nutrients

Nutrients: substances obtained from food that act as building blocks for the body to
maintain health repair tissues and promote growth

Factors that influence food choices:

• Preferences
• Habit
• Culture
• Social interactions
• Availability
• Income
• Food associations
• Values
• Emotions
• Body weight
• Health benefits

Vitamins
• Organic
• Do not provide energy
• Micronutrients
Minerals
• Inorganic
• Do not provide energy
• can not be destroyed/ can be lost
• Can bind/ leach into water

Carbohydrate, fat, protein= Macronutrients (organic)

waters and minerals (inorganic)

non-essential: body can synthesize

Essential: must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in
Carbohydrate, fat, protein= Macronutrients (organic)
waters and minerals (inorganic)

non-essential: body can synthesize

Essential: must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in
sufficient quantities to meet physiological needs

In general, most people need to eat

1. veggies, fruits, whole grains
2. fat-free or low fat milk and milk products
3. less sodium, saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol
4. fewer refined grains and foods and beverages with solid fats and added sugars

Energy density: measure of the energy a food provides relative to the amount of the
food

Alcohol
-7 kcalories per gram
- but it is not a nutrient, however, because it cannot support the body's growth,
maintenance, or repair

DRI (DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES) : a set of values for the dietary nutrient intakes of
healthy people in the United States and Canada. These values are used for planning
and assessing diets; set of values to be used as nutrient intake goals by individuals
-estimated average requirements(EAR)
-recommended dietary allowances(RDA)
-adequate intake(AI)
-tolerable upper intake level(UL)
PROTEIN: 10-35%
FATS: 20-35%
CARBS: 45-65%

Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR):

ranges of intakes for the energy-yielding nutrients that provide adequate energy and
nutrients and reduce the risk of chronic disease; healthy ranges of intakes for carbs,
fat, and protein

AI (adequate intake): a set of values that are used as guides for nutrient intakes when
scientific evidence is insufficient to determine an EAR/RDA.
AI (adequate intake): a set of values that are used as guides for nutrient intakes when
scientific evidence is insufficient to determine an EAR/RDA.