Sie sind auf Seite 1von 2

Method Advantages Disadvantages

Ion Exchange - No sludge generation - Calcium sulphate fouling


- Less labor intensive than chemical - Metallic fouling (from Fe, Mn, Cu, etc.)
treatment on the ion exchange media
- Less space requirement than chemical - Fine silt fouling
treatments - Organic matter adsorption
- Regenerative resin - Chlorine damages resin
-Good removal of a wide range of heavy - Increased acidity of water due to Na
metals ions transferring to water
- Metal selective - High long-term operation costs
-Fast kinetics - Highly sensitive to Ph
- In comparison with conventional -Fouling due to oil, grease, silt, clay,
precipitation treatment, ion exchange colloidal silica, organic materials, and
offers the following advantages: microbes.
(a) Precipitation and clarification -Presence of free acids reduces the
equipment require a lot of space while efficiency of operation
ion exchange is very compact.
(b) Metal hydroxide sludges must be
transported to a landfill licensed to
handle them; ion exchange avoids
generation of sludge.
(c) No economical method is currently
available to recover the metal values
from metal finishing sludges so the
metals cannot be recycled. Ion exchange
allows convenient recovery of metals.
(d) Ion exchange is a versatile process
which accommodates metal ion
concentration variations and reasonable
changes in flow rate without deterioration
in performance.

Electrocoagulation - Equipment is simple and easy to - Electrodes need regular replacement


/Electroflotation operate due to constant dissolution into
- Sludge is readily settleable, and easy wastewater during oxidation
to de-water. - Constant use of electricity (costs)
- Low sludge production - Impermeable oxide film may form on
- Flocs formed are larger, has less the cathode (lowers efficiency)
bound water, acid-resistant, and more - Wastewater must be very conductive
stable - Formation of large particles
- Less to no use of chemicals compared - High energy costs
to chemical coagulation
- Gas bubbles formed during electrolysis
carries pollutants to surface for easy
concentration, collection, and removable
- No moving parts
-Low operating costs
Chemical - Well established and proven method; - Frequent jar testing may be necessary
precipitation conventional method to ensure optimal treatment conditions
- Precipitants/treatment chemicals are and avoid instances of overdosing.
relatively inexpensive - Exposure of operators to corrosive
- Minimal maintenance and skilled chemicals may pose safety concerns.
operator requirement are needed for - The addition of treatment chemicals,
completely enclosed systems especially lime, may increase the
-Low metal concentration in the effluent volume of waste sludge up to 50%.
are achieved - Transport of large amounts of
chemicals to the treatment location is a
consideration.
- Polymers can be expensive.
High chemical requirement
-Sludge disposal problem, large
production of sludge
-Slow metal precipitation and poor
settling
Adsorption - Low energy requirement - Adsorbents require regeneration
- Low maintenance costs - Low selectivity
- High metal binding capacities - Production of waste products
- Wide pH range - Regular filter replacement
- Easy installation and maintenance - Requires water analysis to choose
- Flexibility and simplicity of design appropriate type of adsorbent to use
- Ease of operation - Contaminants/pollutants are only
- Insensitivity to toxic pollutants separated from the water and not totally
removed/destroyed
- Most studies on adsorption use
activated carbon; not much experience
with other adsorbents
Membrane - Small space requirement - Membrane fouling; leads to high
filtration - Low pressure requirement operational costs
- High separation selectivity - Concentrated sludge production
-Low flow rate
Electrodialysis - High separation selectivity - Membrane fouling; leads to high
operational costs
- Consumes large amounts of energy
Photocatalysis - Removes metals and organic - Long duration time
pollutants simultaneously - Applications are limited
- By-products are less harmful

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen