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THE GAS TURBINE GT26 IN COMBINED CYCLE APPUCATION:

CONVERSION OF A COAL POWER PLANT INTO A MODERN COMBINED CYCLE
FIRING NATURAL GAS AND OIL NO. 2

Viktor Scherer*, Dieter Scherer"

+ABB Krafhverke AG, Mannheim, Germany
111111111111R VII 11111111
*Bademvelic AG, Karlsruhe, Germany

ABSTRACT
combined cycle efficiency and a compact design of the gas
The current paper describes the repowering of an existing coal turbine and heat recovery steam generator.
plant (Rheinhafen Power Station). In this power plant, the hard
coal boiler was replaced by a modem once through, Heat THE RHEINHAFF_N STEAM TURBINE POWER PLANT
Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). The HRSG is connected
to a natural gas or oil fired gas turbine ABB GT26. The plant is Figure 1 shows a situation plan of the Rheinhafen steam
located in Karlsruhe, Germany, and is operated by the turbine power plant in Karlsruhe, Germany. The plant consists
Bademverk AG, a public utility. The original hard coal fired plant of 7 power plant blocks. Blocks 1 to 4 were shut down following
was put into service in 1964. It is equipped with a steam turbine the German legislation on large furnaces (GFAVO). The
of approx. 100 MW power output To maintain the initial steam following blocks are still in operation:
data of the power plant at 160 bar and 540 °C, and to
guarantee a low start-up time, an unfired once through type Block 5/6:
steam generator was chosen. Minor modifications were done in Output: 180 MW each
the steam turbine to increase the maximum steam turbine Fuel: Heavy Oil
power output to approx. 124 MW. Combined with the approx. Commissioned: 1968
240 MW power output of the GT26 a total output of 363.5 MW. Converted to Fuel oil/gas 1985
MW Is expected. The efficiency has thus been increased from Cold reserve . since 1995
38 % for the steam power plant to 58.2% for the combined
cycle. and
INTRODUCTION Block 7:
Output 550 MW
Specific demands are placed on a gas turbine suitable for Fuel: Hard coal
converting coal fired steam plants into efficient combined cycle Commissioned: 1985.
power plants using natural gas or oil as fuel. Such a gas turbine
should have high exhaust gas temperature to make use of the In order to meet the demands for the supply of peak and
potential of the existing steam process regarding live steam reserve loads, the decision was made to convert block 4 into a
temperatures and pressures. In addition, the narrow space modern, combined cycle power plant. In 1993 block 4 was
available in the existing plant structure requires a compact gas chosen for the conversion based on its relatively low number of
turbine and heat recovery steam generator design. These operating hours and its steam,cyde design data (see table 1).
demands - high exhaust exergy and low exhaust mass flow- With 100 - 120 MW, the output rate of the steam turbine is
are fulfilled by the gas turbine GT26, the newest member of the compatible with the output of modem gas turbines of the > 200
ABB gas turbine family in the 50 Hz market. The MW class leading to the ideal ratio of gas turbine to steam
thermodynamic cycle with sequential combustion and turbine output of 2 to 1.
compressor outlet pressures up to 30 bar gives a high exhaust
gas temperature of 610 °C and an exhaust mass flow of only
543 kg/s. This is combined with a power output of 241 MW and
a gas turbine efficiency of 38.2%. These data allow both high

Presented at the International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress & Exhibition
Birmingham, UK — June 10-13,1996
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 Commissioning 1964 Approval and Planning Considerations
Operating hours approx. 100.000
Electrical output 100 MW Please refer to Reuther et al. (1995) for detailed information on
Boiler unit Hard coal slag tap fired boiler the steps of approval and the planning considerations made to
E filter unit convert block 4 into a combined-cycle power plant.
Once trough flow boiler 300 t/h
steam Approval for the conversion of block 4 was achieved quickly.
Turbine High-pressure: 160 bar/540 °C The concept of approval was based on the following boundary
Reheat pressure: 40 bar/540 conditions:
°C Appeal for the conversion of block 4 as a major
seven-stage preheating modification according to §15 BlmScha l ,
Four-casing turbo set No higher emissions for the plant after the conversion.
Generator 135 MVA Consequently, no disclosure and no environmental
Direct water cooling impact survey as detailed in §15 (2) BlmSchG,
Efficiency 38% Compensation of the new emissions of block 4 by
State of approval In cold reserve until the shut- reducing the emissions of the existing blocks,
down in March 1993 based on Obtaining the existing water rights for block 4 to ensure
the GFAVO direct cooling with water from the Rhine.

The procedures according to BlmSchG were concluded in

Table 1: Block 4 data before the conversion
October 1993 after an appeal phase of only 7 months.

Figure 1: Map of the Rheinhafen steam turbine power

plant in Karlsruhe
German federal immision legislation

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 The approval procedures were initially introduced independent
of the manufacturer. The basis for the procedure was a gas
turbine with an output > 200 MW. Having received the
approval, the next task was to select the optimal components,
gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator, for the existing
water/steam cycle.

The basis for the planning considerations was to keep the

existing steam turbine - a four-casing turbine with high-
pressure, medium-pressure and low-pressure sections -
without alterations. Of highest priority was to operate the
steam turbine at its design point - near the optimum efficiency.
This implied that the steam data (live steam: 160 bar, 540°C,
reheat steam: 40 bar, 530 °C) must be achieved that are
comparable to the previous operation with coal.

Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSGI

With the use of a heat recovery steam generator with forced Figure 2: Longitudinal section of block 4 of the Rheinhafen
circulation (drum boiler), the high initial steam parameters lead steam turbine power plant after the conversion
to drum wall thickness >120 mm. The result is a limitation of into a combined-cycle power plant
the load gradients. For this reason, the design with forced
circulation - usually applied to combined-cycle power plants - The Repowering the existing block 4 increases the efficiency
was rejected in favor of a once through flow type HRSG. This of the plant from 38% to 58.2%. The electrical output of the
HRSG design allows for the desired transients (start-up time < power plant will climb from 100 to 363.5 MW. Figure 3 shows
30 minutes). Furthermore, by choosing the once through flow a simplified heat balance of the plant. The choice of the GT26
HRSG, it was possible to make use of the existing water gas turbine with its high exhaust enthalpy made it possible to
treatment plant. The forced circulation HRSG would have realize the live steam parameters of the initial coal block so
necessitated extensive modifications. The HRSG is designed that the steam turbine can continue to operate at its best point
as a double-pressure system (high pressure / low pressure) with a high proportion of initial steam.
with a reheat section.
:g
"" • I
A bypass stack was rejected for cost reasons because the 5531 I
I
rIVI " I
surrounding building structures demand a stack height of 100
an
m. The required bypass operation without the steam turbine is
*Of
achieved by introducing the steam for the HRSG straight into t•• •

the steam turbine condenser.

Gas Turbine

The choice of the gas turbine was important for the design of
the overall process. The steam turbine's high initial steam ESTI I
• to

I 0 •
parameters in correlation with the demand for a compact
• •••••••
design of not only the gas turbine but also the HRSG are easily mm•
Demi MN
N•ti•••• b••• Ater, 912 •
met by a gas turbine such as the GT26. It is characterized by a Sinlis••••

high exhaust temperature (610°C) and a low exhaust flow (543

kg/s). This is achieved by a process based on sequential
Figure 3: Heat balance of the combined cycle process
combustion and process pressures of up to 30 bar resulting in
an output of 241 MW and an efficiency of 38.2 %.
The design also includes an optional district heating extraction
of 80 MJ/s. Including the district heating the fuel efficiency
Steam Turbine. WaterlSteam Cycle
increases to 67%. For this purpose, the steam turbine will be
equipped with steam extraction points to allow for the
The scope of the steam turbine overhaul was defined based
connection of heating condensers at a later date.
on the inspection findings. With the exception of minor
modifications, the turbo set can remain unmodified. Most of
The NOx-emissions of <25 ppm during operation with natural
the existing piping of the water steam cycle will be maintained. gas are achieved by means of lean premix combustion.
The condenser will receive new piping.
Operation with oil results in 42 ppm with water injection. To
meet the requirements for peak load demands the gas turbine
Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of the new Rheinhafen and the HRSG starts up within 30 minutes.
steam turbine power plant, now called block 4S.
Civil constructions have been started in September 1995. The
erection of the HRSG will begin in March 1996 and

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 commissioning of the gas turbine in January 1997.
Commercial operation is foreseen for February 1998.

Table 2 summarizes the design data of the new block 45.

Combined-cycle
operation,
natural gas
Gas turbine
Terminal output MW 239.0
NOx emissions ppm(15% 02) 25
Steam turbine
Terminal output MW 124.5
HP steam pressure bar 155
HP steam temperature °C 540
Reheat steam pressure bar 39.6
Reheat steam temperature °C 530
Combined-cycle plant
Output MW 363.5
Efficiency % 58.2

Table 2: Data of the Rheinhafen combined- cycle power plant

block 45 (12 °C ambient temperature)

THE GT26 GAS TURBINE

The high efficiency of the new block 4S relies on the

performance data of the GT26 gas turbine. For this reason, the Figure 4: GT24 during assembly at ABB, Richmond, USA
following describes the design philosophy of the GT26 in more
detail.
Gross output MW 241
Gross efficiency % 38.2
The first two members of the new ABB gas turbine family are
the GT24 and the GT26. The 165 MW GT24 gas turbine was Compressor pressure ratio - 30
designed for the 60 Hz market and the scaled version, the 241 Exhaust mass flow kgis 543
MW GT26 gas turbine, for the 50 Hz market. With the thermal Exhaust temperature °C 610
gross efficiency of 38.2 % in single cycle operation which Speed rpm 3000
increases to 58.2% in combined-cycle operation using the NO emissions-natural gas
existing water steam cycle at the Rheinhafen power plant, this (15% 0) ppm 425
gas turbine enables a transformation of energy with low Number of stages
specific fuel consumption. In addition, the combustion Compressor 22
technology ensures low emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon Turbine 5
monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. Table 3 shows the Number of combustors - 2
most important data of the GT26 gas turbine Dimensions m
Length 12.3
The first gas turbine of this kind, a GT24 (figure 4) was Width 5
installed in September 1995 in the USA at the Gilbert Power Height 5.5
Station in New Jersey. A test program is now being conducted Weight (approx.) t 335
that will conclude May 1, 1996. Then the GT24 will go into
*) At the generator terminals
commercial operation.
Table 3: GT26 data (at ISO conditions, Natural gas)

Efficiency Increase due to Sequential Combustion

The centre piece of the GT26 is the sequential combustion

system (figure 5) with two annular combustors in series. The
reheat concept used in steam turbines has been applied to the
gas turbine process. After partial expansion of the combustion
gases, fuel heat is introduced into the process a second time
(figure 6).

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 It becomes apparent that, at similar turbine inlet temperatures,
the gas turbine with sequential combustion achieves
considerable efficiency advantages. In addition, the process
with reheat indicates a higher potential for further development
to efficiencies in the 60% range.

In other words: a gas turbine with sequential combustion

combines highest gas turbine efficiencies with high exhaust
temperatures. These exhaust temperatures can only be
achieved with conventional gas turbines by drastically
increasing the turbine inlet temperatures. turbine inlet
Figure 5: Sequential combustion: cross-section through temperatures that are beyond the range of experience with
the hot gas path of the GT26 material development and blade cooling technologies. In
addition, new low-N0x-combustion technology would be
necessary in order to achieve comparable emission levels with
such extreme combustion temperatures.
Fuel input
1.03
.0

Fuel input Power out

ra 1.0
to generator
' am

2t93

OS?
••• Os 1.0 1.1 1.2
Normalized Power Density

dle•
Entropy Figure 7: Efficiency gain due to sequential combustion in
the combined-cycle process

Figure 6: The principle of sequential combustion
The process with sequential combustion has the following
advantages:
- high single cycle efficiency and simultaneously
high exhaust temperatures
- high gas turbine power output
• high power density
- moderate turbine inlet temperatures
- compact gas turbine and, subsequently, compact
heat recovery steam generator design
Figure 7 shows a comparison of the standard gas turbine
process with the process with sequential combustion. It shows
the efficiency in the combined-cycle process as a function of
the power density (generated electric output in relation to the
air mass flow). The resulting curve groups for both processes
are based on the parameters turbine inlet temperature and
compressor pressure ratio.
A further important characteristic of sequential combustion is
the high power density (see also figure 7). The high power
density is reflected by the compact design of the machine. The
outer dimensions of the 0T26 are only slightly larger than the
ABB 165 MW GT13E2 gas turbine although the output is
almost 50% higher. In comparison with other gas turbines of
the 200 MW class, the GT26 has shorter blade lengths. This
results in smaller circumferential speeds at the blade tip and,
consequently, lower centrifugal forces. A transonic design of
the compressor is not necessary. Output and efficiency are
increased by the choice of the thermodynamic cycle and not by
a massive increase of the turbine inlet temperature and the air
flow rate as this would be necessary for a conventional gas
turbine process (Imwinkelried and Hauenschild, 1994). Finally,
the comparatively low exhaust mass flow of the 0T26 has a
positive influence on the size of the components downstream
of the gas turbine like exhaust duct and heat recovery steam
generator. The compact design of the GT26 is a particularly
large advantage for the repowering of the Rheinhafen steam
turbine power plant described here because of the limited
space available.

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 EV-Annular Combustor
The first stage of combustion takes place in the so-called EV-
(EnVironmeMal) annular combustor already in use in the
GT13E2 and GT10 gas turbines (a total of 70.000 h). This
annular combustor is equipped with the EV-bumers. To date,
the EV-bumers have operated for more than 300.000 hours in
47 plants world-wide.
Figure 8: EV-combustor of the GT26
The combustion air is compressed in the 22-stage, subsonic
compressor and led via the compressor diffuser to the
combustor. The inner and outer combustor walls are
convection cooled. Therefore, all the air used for cooling
purposes takes part in the lean low-NOx combustion process
as preheated combustion air. In the EV-burner, the
compressed air mixes with an exactly dosed amount of fuel in
an intensive swirl. About 60% of fuel bums in the first
combustor (figure 8).
This intensive fuel air swirl is achieved by the offset, conical
shell halves of the EV-bumers. Their geometry ensures a
stable, free-standing flame downstream the burner body. The
30 burners are evenly distributed around the circumference of
the annular combustor and so generate one flame ring.
Mechanical flame holders and cross firing tubes are not
necessary.
The simple construction of the annular combustor in
collaboration with the even distribution of temperature reduces
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thermal stresses in the combustor and the following first
turbine stage. The hot combustion gases from the first
combustor expand in the first turbine stage and then pass into
the SEV-combustor.
SEV-Annular Combustor
In the second combustor, the SEV-(Sequential EnVironmental)
annular combustor, the combustion gases, still rich in oxygen,
mix with the remaining fuel in premix zones. To understand the
design of this combustor type, the underlying physical
phenomena will be discussed in more detail (see also Joos et
al., 1995).
Flames can propagate through fuel-air mixtures only under
certain conditions (Fig. 9). If small amounts of fuel are added
to air, a point will be reached at which the mixture becomes
flammable. The percentage of fuel gas at this point is called
the lower flammability limit. While more fuel is added a limit is
readied at which the mixture will no longer burn. This point is
called the upper flammability limit. At temperatures
considerably higher than the flashpoint, a region is found
where sell-ignition occurs. This phenomena, called
spontaneous ignition, requires no external ignition source for
flame propagation. In a conventional lean premix combustor
spontaneous ignition must be avoided, since it could damage
combustor components and produce high pollutant emissions.
The SEV combustor makes use of the advantages of self-
ignition. In order to achieve a reliable spontaneous ignition with
methane and to enlarge the stability range of the combustor,
sufficient high combustor inlet temperatures, higher than
1000°C have been selected. Chemical reactions occur at
these inlet temperatures even for small amounts of fuel .
However, another important phenomena has to be taken into
account: Spontaneous ignition delay. It is defined as the time
interval between the creation of a combustible mixture and the
onset of flame. In Fig. 10 the ignition delay time of methane is
compared with that of natural gas and oil No. 2. At a
temperature of 500°C the ignition delay of methane is more
than 1 second. The ignition delay of natural gas is 100
milliseconds. In contrary, the ignition delay time of oil No. 2 is
only 2 milliseconds.
 1200
after 1 mmc
1000 spontaneous ig nition
after 10 mmc
800

3
t. 600 flammable

400 not not flammable

200 flammable

0 5 10 15 20 25 7 30
methane 1% voU

Figure 9: Flamability limits with spontaneuos ignition (Joos et al., 1995), 15 bar, equivalence ratio = 1.0

1000

too
Ig nit ion delay /ins ect

200 400 600 . 800 . 1000 1200 1400

T/'C/

Figure 10: Ignition delay time of methane, natural gas and fuel oil No. 2 (Joos at al., 1995), 15 bar,
equivalence ratio = 1.0
3

0 10 20 30' 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Load rid
Figure 11: Measured SEV NOx production

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25
•
.-
•• ■ • 18 vppm NOxE
_
1 •, 12 vppm NOx E
1 combustor as a function of the gas turbine load. To discuss
i
05 1 1.5 2 25
dNOx SEV /g/kgserfuel/
Figure 12: Engine NOx emissiones in dependence of SEV-
and EV-Combusor NOx emissions
These low ignition delay times are contradicted by the fact that
to minimize NOx emission, the fuel and air must be premixed
before combustion starts. To overcome this hurdle a second
concept has been incorporated into the SEV combustor of the
GT26: The use of carrier air.
The fuel jet is mantled with a layer of cold air, the so-called
canier air. This shielded gas jet is then injected into the hot
gas flow and the result of that air mantling is that sufficient
time is available for mixing until ignition takes place.
As known, NOx formation depends on the temperature,
pressure and residence time inside the combustor. For typical
gas turbine combustors at flame temperatures of 1800°K and
a residence time of 30 milliseconds the NOx emission is about
1 ppm. In reality, combustors have higher emissions because
of non homogeneous fueVair mixtures. Because of the
exponential relation between NOx formation and flame
temperature, even small regions with higher temperatures lead
to high NOx values.
The local peak temperature depends on the quality of mixture
of fuel and air. For the GT26 SEV combustor such a good
mixture is reached by a simple physical phenomena. Delta
wings, formed like ramps and located on all 4 walls of the SEV
burner are used to generate a recirculation zone downstream
of the vortex generators and to create a homogeneous
mixture.
Note that a sequential combustor is less influenced by the
quality of mixture than a conventional gas turbine combustor.
At a deviation of 20% from perfect mixing, a conventional
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combustor shows a temperature peak of approximately 180 K
above the mean temperature. Under the same assumption a
reheat combustor has a peak of only 80 K, because of its
relatively low temperature rise in the combustor (400 K). This
example demonstrates the smaller influence of the quality of
mixture on NOx formation of a reheat combustor in
comparison to a conventional gas turbine combustor. In
addition, the incoming hot gas has considerable lower 02
content. This results in less oxygen available for NOx
formation.
The fact, that a considerable portion of the total fuel is burned
in the SEV combustor with very low NOx formation leads to
low NOx emissions in the engine exhaust. In fact, the NOx
values, normalized to 15% 02, are lower at the SEV exit than
at the inlet. This phenomenon results from the consumption of
oxygen while only minimal NOx is produced.
Fig. 11 shows the measured NOx production of the SEV
the amount of NOx production in the SEV, the emissions are
plotted as 0.10,,/kgr,,,d. This unit shows the emission values
without the above mentioned influence of the 02-content in the
exhaust gas when normalizing to 15% 02. It is obvious that at
low load conditions there is no NOx production in the SEV
combustor and even at base load NOx formation is minimized.
To extrapolate the NOx production of the SEV combustor to
engine conditions, the fuel mass flow distribution of the both
combustors must be taken into consideration. Fig. 12 shows
the expected NOx emissions at full load conditions
downstream of the gas turbine assuming 18 ppm NOx from
the EV combustor, respectively 12 ppm NOx. With no NOx
production in the SEV combustor, the NOx emission occurring
downstream of the EV combustor will be reduced from 18
vppm to 11 vppm downstream of the gas turbine (based on
15% 02). 1gN0x/kgfuel of the SEV combustor will reduce the
EV NOx amount from 18 vppm to 15 vppm (15%02). This
finally leads to NOx emission of the gas turbine which are
below 15 vppm. These investigations indicate that there is a
potential to decrease these emissions to levels in the single
digit range.
Summarizing the basic design features of the SEV combustors
are:
• relatively high inlet temperature (higher than 1000°C)
• short residence time (shorter than that of the half of a
conventional combustor)
• efficient fuel/air mixing.
Components
Figure 13 shows a photograph of the 0T24 shaft, which is of
the same design as the GT26, but the geometrically scaled
version. The 22-stage, subsonic compressor can be seen. The
blade profiles were designed according to the method of
controlled diffusion (CDA), i.e. the velocity profiles are
optimized to the extent that there is a minimal boundary layer
displacement thickness (Meindl et al., 1995). In addition, the
CDA-profile together with the subsonic lay-out of the
compressor ensures a robust behavior even for off-design
 conditions. Figure 13 also shows the blades of the 1-stage,
high pressure turbine and the 4-stage, low pressure turbine.
Figure 14 shows details of the low pressure turbine. The
blades of the last three rows are equipped with shrouds to
minimize the tip clearance losses. The profile design is
completely three-dimensional and achieves high efficiencies.
Operational Concept
The GT26 was optimized for combined-cycle operation. High
thermal efficiencies and low emissions, even during part-load
operation, are achieved by the two combustors with individual
fuel control and by the possibility of reducing the combustion
air flow down to 60% of the full load mass flow with the help of
three rows of adjustable inlet guide vanes. This was also
confirmed by a test series carried out on a scaled compressor
of the GT26 (scale 1:3) (see figure 15).

p oi

g1
Z
0,41 Measurement

r
gz6
N

23,2

0 1 .
55 40 20 0 10
IGV-Position (deg)

Figure 15: Measured reduction of the mass flow in the

Figure 13: Rotor of the GT24; with the subsonic axial 6T26 compressor model when closing the inlet
compressor and the turbine stages 1 to 5 guide vanes

The gas turbine starts up (figure 16) with a static starting

device. As soon as ignition speed is achieved, the B/-annular
combustor is ignited. All burners ignite simultaneously. Two
distribution piping systems supply the fuel to the ignition
nozzles on the one hand and the outlet drill holes arranged
along the air inlet slots on the other. Then the turbine
increases speed and when it reaches the operating speed, it is
synchronized. At law part loads, only the EV-annutar
combustor is in operation and the three variable inlet guide
vane rows are dosed. At approximately 25% load, the ignition
temperature of the SEV-annular combustor is reached. This
self-igniting combustor is put into operation by simply
supplying fuel. At this part toad, the full operating temperature
of the EV-combustor is almost achieved. Now, the fuel supply
to the second combustor is increased until the full exhaust
temperature is reached at less than half load. The exhaust
temperature is then kept constant until full load is reached. Up
to this point, more fuel is supplied to the two combustors and
the inlet air flow is increased by opening the three rows of
variable inlet guide vanes. The SEV-combustor reaches its
maximum operation temperature at full load.

Figure 14: Turbine stages 2 to 5 of the GT24

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 spay. ---e Imwinkelried, B. and Hauenschild, R.: The Advanced Cycle
Acceleration System Gas Turbines GT24 / GT26, The Highly Efficient Gas
Turbines for Power Generation, International Joint Power
Speed
Generation Conference VGB / ASME Phoenix, AZ, 1994

411Pr Exh.I Mass Flow4

4-
• .
1
,

Power °rout
Meindl, Th., Farkas, F. and Klussmann, W., The Development
of a Multi-Stage Compressor for Heavy Duty Industrial Gas
Turbines, ASME Paper 95-GT-371, 1995
1 I" I
1 1
t
A II
l
I
Joos, F., Atthaus, R., Brunner, Ph., Eroglu, A., Paikert, B. and
Seyed, K, The SEV Combustor An Innovative Concept
10 15 20 25 Leading to Single Digit NOx Emission Levels, PowerGen 95
Asia, Singapore, 27-29. Speptember 1995,

Figure 16: Start-up diagram of the GT26, without purging

HRSG

This operating concept, which allows the EV-annular

combustor to reach its full operating temperature at an early
stage and which maintains the exhaust temperature over a
wide load range, ensures not only a operation mode avoiding
unnecessary material stresses but also provides the following
two advantages:
• premix operation in the EV-annular combustor is achieved
at a low gas turbine part load range. This results in low
NOx emissions over a wide load range.
• The gas turbine achieves the excellent part load
efficiencies

SUMMARY

The choice of process parameters in connection with

sequential combustion leads to high single-cycle and
combined-cycle efficiencies for the ABB gas turbine G126. In
addition, the use of the EV-combustor technology reduces the
emission of nitrogen oxide (with gas operation below 25 ppm
in relation to 15% 02 in the exhaust) and carbon monoxide.
The excellent part load behavior with regards to efficiency and
emissions provides a large operating range.

The advantage of the G126 for repowering of existing coal

power plants was described by means of the example of the
combined-cycle Rheinhafen power plant. In this power plant ,
the hard coal boiler was replaced by a modem once through
boiler. The high exhaust temperature of the GT26 allowed it to
continue operating the existing steam turbine at its design
point (160 bar, 540°C). The compact design of the G126 with
its high power density (low exhaust mass flow) enabled the
design of a compact heat recovery steam generator which
integrates into the existing construction window. A combined-
cycle power plant output of 363.5 MW at an efficiency of
58.2% will be achieved using the G126.

REFERENCES

Reuther, D., Rost, M. and Scherer,D., Planungsilberlegungen

und -grundlagen rim Umbau eines atten steinkohlebefeuerten
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341-345, 1995

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