JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI SELANGOR

PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI SAINS & MATEMATIK 2007

JAWAPAN KIMIA 2
Section A

1 (a)
(i) A mixture of two or more metals /elements 1
In a certain composition, in which the major component is a metal 1 .......2

(ii) Steel / carbon steel / cast iron 1 ........1

(iii
)
• •• Iron atom
Iron atom Carbon atom
Pure iron Alloy A
1 + 1 1 + 1

1 mark each for the drawing:M inimum3 atoms in 3 layers.

1 mark each for the correct labels
Note: In alloy A, the iron atoms are bigger than the carbon atoms
....... 4
(b) (i) Stainless steel 1 ........1
(ii) Chromium/Nickel 1 ........1
(c) The acid in the vinegar reacts with iron 1 ........1
Total 10

2 (a) (i) The proton number of an element is the number of protons in its atom .... 1
(ii) 23 ....1
(iii 2.8.2
....1
)
(b) (i) Molecule ....1
Heat loss to the surrounding is balanced by ….1
(ii) heat energy liberated as the particle attract one another to form a solid ….1

(iii or …1
)

1
 c) [ able to show the mass of both element, number of moles and the
empirical formula correctly]
…..1
Element L Cl
Mass/g 11.5 17.75
Mol of atom 11.5 17.75
23 35.5
Simplest ratio 1 1 …..1

Empirical formula : LCl

…..1
Total 10

3 (a) (i) [Able to state the cations correctly.]

Answer: Copper ion and hydrogen ion
1
r: Cu2+ and H+
(ii) [Able to mark the positive and the negative electrode correctly] 1 ........2
(b) (i) [Able to state the observation correctly]
Answer: The blue colour turns colourless/becomes paler 1

2
 (ii) [Able to give explanations on the colour changes of copper (II)
sulphate]
Answer: The concentration/ number of Cu2+ decreases 1 ........2

(c) (i) [Able to state the product at the anode correctly]

Answer: Mg2+/ magnesium ion 1
(ii) [Able to write the half equation correctly.]
Answer: Mg → Mg2+ + 2e 1 ........2
(d) (i) [Able to name the process at the cathode correctly]
Answer: Reduction 1
(ii) [Able to state that]
the voltmeter reading increases 1
the distances between Mg and Cu is greater than the distance
between Mg and Zn in electrochemical series 1 ........3
Total 9

4 (a) Lead (II) oxide 1 .....1

(b) White precipitate soluble in excess NaOH solution 1 .....1
(c) (i) White precipitate dissolves when heated 1
White precipitate are formed when cool down 1
(ii) Lead (II) chloride 1
(iii Pb2+ + 2Clˉ → PbCl2 1
)
(iv) Filter the mixture . The residue is lead (II) chloride. 1 .....5
(d) (i) Lead(II) nitrate salt is heated 1
(ii) The colour of the residue : brown when hot yellow when cooled 1
brown gas is released 1 .....3

Total 10

3
5 (a) Group 1 1 ......1
(b) (i) X + H2O-------> XOH + H2 1
(ii) A blue precipitate is formed 1 .......2
(c) (i) black 1
solid 1
(ii) As we go down the group, atomic size increases 1
Forces between the atoms increases 1
More energy require to overcome the stronger forces of attraction .......5
1
(d) Noble gas has either a duplet or octet electron arrangement 1
This arrangement is stable 1 ...... 2
(e) Formed coloured /complex compound 1 ...... 1

Total: 11

6 (a) Ethanol 1 ...1

(b) CH2CH2 + H2O  C2H5OH 1 ....1
(c) (i) Z is propanoic acid 1
T is concentrated sulphuric acid 1
(ii) Esterification 1 .......3
(d) (i) Heat / reflux alcohol W / ethanol 1
with acidified potassium manganate(VII) / potassium dichromate (VI) 1
(ii) 1
H O
│ ║
.....3
H ─C ─C─O─H
│
H

(e) (diagram) 1
(label) 1 .....2
Total 10

Porcelain chips
Glass wool soak
with etanol
ethene

Heat

4 water
 Section B

7 (a) (i) remove wire gauze 1

change beaker to copper container / metal container 1
use a wind shield 1
place the ethanol lamp on a piece of wood so as to be neared to the 1 ......4
copper container.
(ii) heat loss to the surroundings
the combustion of ethanol is incomplete
some mass of ethanol is lost during weighing due to evaporation.
[any 2 reasons] 1+1 .......2
(b) (i) - label y- axis and x-axis correctly with units, suitable scales ( size of 1
graph ≥half of graph paper).
- transfer all four points correctly 1
- draw best straight line 1 ......3

(ii) -show dotted line on graph corresponds to 5 carbon atoms per 1

molecule on x-axis to graph and then to y-axis.
heat of combustion of butanol between 3250-3450 kJ mol-1 1 ....2

(iii the heat of combustion of alcohol increases down the homologous 1

) series of alcohol
the number of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms per molecule 1
increases down the series.
more number of molecules of carbon dioxide and water are formed 1
per molecul of alcohol.
the formation of carbon dioxide and water releases heat. 1 ....4

5
 (c) (i) C2H5OH + 7/2 O2  2CO2 + 3H2O 1
// 2C2H5OH + 7 O2  4CO2 + 6H2O
Heat absorped by water = 500 x 4.2 x 50 // 105000J // 105kJ 1
-Number of mol of ethanol = 105000 // 0.077 1
370000
Mass of ethanol = 105000 x 46 // 0.077 x 46 1
1370000
Mass of ethanol = 3.53 g // 3.54 g 1 ......5
Total 20

Graph of heat of combustion versus number of carbon atom per molecule

Graf haba pembakaran melawan bilangan atom karbon per molekul

Heat of combustion / kJ mol-1

3000

2000 x

1000

6
 x

0
1 2 3 4 5 Number of carbon atoms per molecule

8 (a) (i) Reaction I
AgNO3 + KCl → AgCl + KNO3
Oxidation number +1 +5 -2 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +5 -2
.....1

Reaction I is not a redox reaction because the oxidation numbers

of all elements in the reaction do not change
.....1
Reaction II
Mg + CuSO4 → MgSO4 + Cu
     
0 +2 +6 -2 +2 +6 -2 0
Reaction II is a redox reaction as magnesium and copper ....1
undergo changes in oxidation numbers ....1 .....4

(ii) half equation of oxidation:

Mg → Mg2+ + 2e 1+1
1st mark: correct symbols of reactant and product
2nd mark : Balanced equation

Ionic equation:
Mg + Cu2+ → Mg2+ + Cu
1st mark: correct symbols of reactant and product. 1+1 .....4
2nd mark : Balanced equation

(b) (i) It is a list of metals according to their reactivity with oxygen 1

(ii) -Metal P is copper 1

-Carbon , C is oxidized because carbon/C gains oxygen //oxidation 1
number of carbon is increased
-Copper(II) oxide / Oxide of P is reduced because copper(II) oxide 1
losses oxygen//oxidation number of copper is reduced.

7
 -Carbon is a reducing agent because carbon has reduced copper(II) 1
oxide.
-Copper(II) oxide is an oxidizing agent because it has oxidized carbon 1 ....6

(iii -P, Carbon, Q 1+1

) -Carbon can remove oxygen from oxide of P 1
-Carbon more reactive than P 1
-Carbon cannot remove oxygen from oxide of Q 1
- Carbon is less reactive than Q 1 ..... 6
Or
- Q can remove oxygen from carbon dioxide
- Q is more reactive than carbon
Total: 20

8
 Section C

9 (a) 1st chemical test

1- pour the 3 solutions into 3 separate test tubes. 1
2- add a few small pieces of calcium carbonate // magnesium 1
ribbon//zinc metal
3-the solution that gives effervescence /gas bubbles is 1
nitric acid
4-carbon dioxide // hydrogen is released . 1
5-[Balance ionic // chemical equation for the formation of the gas] 1
2nd chemical test
6- put the other 2 unknown solution into 2 separate test tubes. 1
7- add dilute nitric acid followed by barium chloride solution//silver 1
nitrate solution
8- if white precipitate is formed with barium chloride,the solution 1
tested is sodium sulphate//with silver nitrate, the solution tested is
sodium chloride.
9- [Balance ionic // chemical equation for the formation of barium 1
sulphate//silver chloride ]
10-the solution that gives negative results for test 1 and barium 1 .....10
chloride is sodium chloride solution//for test 1 and silver nitrate
solution is sodium sulphate solution.

(b) 1-State a suitable chemical 1

Example: lead, lead (II) oxide,lead (II) carbonate
2- Put [20-100 ]cm3 of nitric acid in a beaker 1
3-Add Pb/PbO/PbCO3 powder in nitric until in excess.Stir the 1
mixture with a glass rod.
4-Filter the mixture and keep the filtrate 1
5-Balanced ionic /chemical equation between HNO 3 acid and 1
Pb/PbO/PbCO3
6-Put the filtrate/Pb(NO3)2 in a beaker 1
7. Add NaCl/KCl/HCl solution 1
8.Stir the mixture and filter 1
9.Wash the residue with distilled water and dry using filter papers 1
10.Balanced ionic /chemical equation between Pb(NO 3)2 and 1 ..max
NaCl/KCl/HCl 10
Total 20

10 (a) (i) Polymer are long-chained / big molecules make up of many 1

9
 smaller repeating units joined together .
Polymerisation is the process by which the smaller molecules / 1
monomer are joined together forming the big molecule / polymer
Name suitable example of polymer ( polythene/ 1
polypropene/PVC/any synthetic polymer)
Name the correct monomer involved with the named polymer 1
(ethene/propene/chloroethene/ the correct monomer)
Balanced equation for the polymerisation process 1 ......5
Example: n CH2CH2  -(CH2-CH2)n--
(ii) State any 3 pollution problems from the use of synthetic polymers.
Examples :
-non-biodegradable, cause disposal problem
-blockage of drainage system and rivers/ causing flash flood by
blockage
-swallowed by aquatic animals such as turtles/fish and cause death
-collects rain water and encourage breed of mosquitoes larvaes 1+1+1
-releases harmful/ poisonous gases when burnt. .....3
- causes acidic rain
Suggest any 2 methods to overcome the pollution problem
-recycle plastics/ synthetic polymers
-reduce / reuse plastics
-develop biodegradable polymers 1+1 ....2

10 (b) (i) Benzoic acid

- As preservative 1
- Slows down the growth of microroganisms/bacteria/fungi in
the food 1

Ascorbic acid
- As an antioxidant 1
- Slows down the oxidation of oils and fats
// Prevents oils from becoming rancid 1 ...... 4

(ii) Olive oil 1

Tartrazine 1 ....... 2

(iii To add or restore the colour in food 1

)
To enhance the visual appeal of the food. 1

Suggested answers:

10
 Pandan – green 1+1
Saffron/tumeric – yellow
Caramel / Brown sugar / Gula melaka – brown ..... 4
Butterfly pea’s flower/ lemuni leaf-purple
[Accept any 2 suitable answers]
Total: 20

10 (a) (i) Benzoic acid

- As preservative 1

11
 - Slows down the growth of microroganisms/bacteria/fungi in
the food 1

Ascorbic acid
- As an antioxidant 1
- Slows down the oxidation of oils and fats
// Prevents oils from becoming rancid 1 ...... 4

(ii) Olive oil 1

Tartrazine 1 ....... 2

(iii To add or restore the colour in food 1

)
To enhance the visual appeal of the food. 1

Suggested answers:
Pandan – green 1+1
Saffron/tumeric – yellow
Caramel / Brown sugar / Gula melaka – brown ..... 4
Butterfly pea’s flower/ lemuni leaf-purple
[Accept any 2 suitable answers]
Total: 20

12