Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ENGINEERING
FACTORY
DECLARATION
I want to declare that this internship report is the internship report which I prepared
myself when I worked in Addis pharmaceutical factory in 2010 E.C. I would like to
justify here by my signature that this technical report is not copied from another report
but it is my effort that I work out during my internship duration.
Date
This internship report contains the work done during my internship time for four
months from October six till January 28 which I did in Addis pharmaceutical factory
Eastern Tigray, Adigrat town under the monitor of Mr. Yemane. As introduction of
this document the accurate history of the company was explained and following to
this all the experience gained during the internship was included in this report.
Even if I have not power, I would like to thanks for my God who give me not told
wealth in all circumstance.
Next whatever activity cannot accomplish alone in desired manner, so I would like to
forward my deepest thanks to all the electrical engineers’ who works in Addis
pharmaceutical factory for their uninterrupted willingness to help me what I want
regard to the practical skill.
Here again I would like to thanks to all Addis pharmaceutical factory workers for their
willingness to show me the working principle of some machines in the place where
they intended to operate. The work culture in APF really motivates that is everybody is
such a friendly and cheerful companion here that work stress is never comes in any way.
Finally, I fill happiness when I throw my heart thanks to the department of electrical
and computer engineering for their activity to attach me to the industrial linkage to
improve my practical knowledge.
At the end I would like to thanks to my Advisor Yriga for his willingness in guiding
me and his supervising to this document to offer me a comment.
This internship document contains the accurate history of the Addis pharmaceutical
factory which is found in north of Ethiopia, Tigray region, Adigrat town and this
document holds the values I have refined while I was worked in this company for the
duration of time that allotted to be taken.
This document holds the overall internship experience such as the theoretical
knowledge upgraded, the practical skills gained, as well as the team plying skills,
team leader skills, interpersonal communication skills and entrepreneurship skills etc.
Finally here in this document not all but a few of electrical equipment’s which are
frequently used in Addis pharmaceutical factory and in another factory are written
here in this report.
Lastly since in Addis pharmaceutical factory most of the electrical machines are
motors, this document contains some frequently problems that happen with motors
and the best troubleshooting solutions to be taken.
PM product management
FM financial management
MED maintenance engineering design
GM general manager
PFC power factor control
MP & WHM material planning and warehouse management
R& D research and development
QCM quality control management
G.C general capsule
Addis Pharmaceutical Factory Share Company (APF) is the largest and high-tech
pharmaceutical plant in Ethiopia; the plant is located in northern part of Ethiopia, in
the town of Adigrat, Tigray Region - 898km from the capital and at an altitude of
2280 meters. The project was launched in June 1992 with working capital worth
approximately birr 300 million. Company started its operations in 1997 with major
shareholding of EFFORT; an organization engaged in Factory is in operation since
March 1997.
The company has been manufacturing more than 91 high quality pharmaceutical
products of different therapeutic categories including Antibiotics, Gastro-intestinal
drugs, Central Nervous system drugs, Cardiovascular drugs, anti-diabetic agents,
Antihistamines & Anti allergic, Antihelminthics, analgesics, Antiprotozoals,
Respiratory drugs, dermatological sand Minerals & Vitamins and Large volume
Parenterals; in various dosage forms.
The company has more than nine production lines and fully equipped laboratories as
well as utilities capable of producing tablets, capsules, syrups/suspensions, dry
powders for reconstitution, injectable vials, liquid injectable ampoules, creams and
ointments which can generally be categorized as non_betaLactam products [Tablets,
Capsules (General), Syrups/Suspensions, Ampoules (Sterile), Ointment (sterile)] and
beta -Lactam products [Vials (Sterile), Capsules and dry powders for reconstitution].
[1]
Be learning organization.
The quality and dosage forms conform to the standard set in USP and/or BP. The
Entire production process is also in line with the principle of ‘Current Good
Manufacturing practice’ set by the World Health Organization (WHO).Quality control
department has built up a Good Laboratory Center that guarantees the quality for all
products supplied.
The quality control department is equipped with the latest Analytical technology
instrumentations such as a computer Aided HPLC and spectra photometer. Highly
qualified professional with enough expertise on the instrument, monitor the whole
production flow.[1]
CAPSULES:
VIALS:
7cc 9000vials/hr
20cc 3200vials/hr
AMPOULES:
DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS:
Table
suspension of20ml
1.2miu
250mg Tablet
Syrup
BENZOLAM Mebendazole 1
APF has devoted a strong commitment to give the highest value to the professional
competence and high caliber. Presently the man power mix includes different
professional in all departments working for value adding and knowledge transfer.
The factory is now implementing intensive market penetration with affordable prices.
The distribution is done through domestic whole-sellers, institutional buyers and
different sales and distribution branches; Mekelle, Hawassa and Bihar Dar. APF
products’ coverage is increasing through time. The target is to attain distinctive
competence of the local pharmaceutical market in the short future through import
substitution, variety and availability.
The company has been involving in making medical drugs in order to serve the
society. So the end users of the company are people, government and private
institutions etc.
Distribution
generator
PC-01 PFC
CHAPTER TWO
In APF there are about ten departments which each of them contributes their function
to the company. I worked in the electrical section which concerned with maintenance,
testing, supervising any electrical fault in the company and troubleshooting etc .The
2.3. The work flow of the section and the task I executed
I have been looking to industrial materials that needs a maintenance and the materials
we use in the process of the systems like relays, contactors, overload, timers, AC
machines and internally and externally. I was working in every section of the
company where there is a problem or an electrical fault but the workshop is the main
head for the maintenance area so I spent my and I have been working in this section
or department for last four months in my internship time.
The work flow of this section is that, the staff workers will always stay in their office
or work shop. The local workers of the production area or those responsible for
monitoring the machine call to the fixed line of the technicians and the technician on
duty will respond in no time and check out the recommended fault and we were in
touch in every electrical fault. And there is a procedure they follow, that is they first
ask a question for the workers responsible for monitoring what is wrong there, and
depending on the information they get the decides what to do. That is checking
providing a solution.
When I worked in Addis pharmaceutical factory I used the following methods to solve
any problems that happened in my work section.
First step preparation: The first and foremost step is before I begin to troubleshoot any
piece of equipment, I must be familiar with the company safety precautions, rules, and
procedures while troubleshooting any electrical failure. Next, I gathered information
regarding the equipment and the problem. I carefully understand how the equipment
is designed to operate.
Secondly I have taken an observation on the fault area as most faults provide obvious
clues as to their cause. Through careful observation and a little bit of reasoning, most
faults can be identified as to the actual component with very little testing.
Thirdly I discussed the workers to define the problem area that on which part is the
problem happened based on my experience that I have developed in my class. In this
stage I applied logic and reasoning to my observations to determine the problem area
of the malfunctioning equipment.
Fourthly once the problem area has been defined, I lead to identify the possible causes
of the malfunction of the electrical equipment by observing the manual prepared in
the company and by relating to the knowledge I have searched in the internet and the
one I have gained in my class combined with the help of testing.
Finally I have discussed with the intended workers in order to identify the most
probable causes from the list of possible causes at the end I have gained my practical
on the testing and repairing of the faulty equipment.
One of the most common electrical motor used in any industrial is the induction
motor, so in Addis pharmaceutical factory in very process there are so many induction
motors that help in providing a twisting force. Those motors are also known as
asynchronous motors because it runs at speed less than it synchronous speed. An
induction motor comprises a magnetic circuit interlinking two electric circuits which
are placed on the two main parts of the machine: (i) the stationary part called the
stator and (ii) the rotating part called the rotor. Power is transferred from one part to
the other by electromagnetic induction. For this induction machine is referred as an
Motor starts but has 1. Incorrect 1. Check connection 1. Sort out and correct
no torque. Motor does connection. diagram and connections.
not reach full speed or nameplate data.
2. Delta wound motor 2. Check timer and
takes a long time to
connects in star. 2. Check load starter control circuit.
accelerate.
3. Star/Delta starter performance data 3.Change motor for co
staying in Star. against motor
rrect size.
performance data.
4. Inertia of load to 4. Change cables for
high. 3.Measure voltage at
correct size.
motor terminals while
5. Motor overloaded.
motor starting
6. Low voltage due to
volt drop in cables.
Motor Overheating. 1. Motor overloaded. 1. Check load 1. Fix problem with
No load amps in 1.Incorrect connection 1. Check connection 1. Sort out and correct
excess of Full load diagram and connections at motor
2. Star wound motor
amps nameplate data. terminals.
connection Delta.
2. Correct supply
3. Voltage in excess of 2. Measure voltage at
voltage
nameplate. motor terminals.
3. Change motor for
3. Compare supply
4. Motor supplied for
correct voltage and
voltage and frequency
different voltage or
frequency
to nameplate.
frequency.
Unbalanced amps in 1.Unbalanced supply 1.Measure phase to 1.Balance supply
different phases when voltage phase voltage
motor loaded accurately
Excessive electric 1. Wrong connections. 1. Check connections 1.. Fix up connection
noise 2. Check voltage with
2. Wrong voltage. 2. Correct voltage.
nameplate
3. Motor ‘Single-
3. Check volts with
Motor runs in wrong 1.Wrong connections 1.Watch shaft rotation 1. Swap and two
direction phases of supply.
Motor amps in excess 1. Motor overloaded. 1. Check load and 1. Fix problem with
of nameplate full load performance data. load or fit larger
2. Low supply
amps on load 2. Measure voltage at motor.
voltage.
motor terminals 2. Fix problem,
3. Wrong voltage or
3. Check nameplate. maybe with larger
frequency.
4. Check nameplate cables.
4. Wrong
5 & 6. Check volts 3. Correct voltage or
Connections.
and amps in all three frequency.
5. Motor ‘Single- phases. 4. Sort out and
Phasing’. 7. Measure motor correct.
Contactor
Relay
We know that most of the high end industrial application devices have relays for their
effective working. Relays are simple switches which are operated both electrically
and mechanically. Relays consist of an electromagnet and also a set of contacts. The
switching mechanism is carried out with the help of the electromagnet. The main
operation of a relay comes in places where only a low-power signal can be used to
control a circuit. The working of a relay can be better understood by explaining the
following diagram given below.
The diagram shows an inner section diagram of a relay. An iron core is surrounded
by a control coil. As shown, the power source is given to the electromagnet
through a control switch and through contacts to the load. When current starts
flowing through the control coil, the electromagnet starts energizing and thus
intensifies the magnetic field. Thus the upper contact arm starts to be attracted to
the lower fixed arm and thus closes the contacts causing a short circuit for the
power to the load. On the other hand, if the relay was already de-energized when
the contacts were closed, then the contact move oppositely and make an open
circuit.
As soon as the coil current is off, the movable armature will be returned by a force
back to its initial position. This force will be almost equal to half the strength of
the magnetic force. This force is mainly provided by two factors. They are the
spring and also gravity.
Figure 2. 4 : Timer
A relay that opens a circuit when the load in the circuit exceeds a preset value, in
order to provide overload protection; usually responds to excessive current, but may
respond to excessive Value of power, temperature, or other quantities.
Circuit breaker
Timer
A timer is a device that measures time, especially one that is part of a machine and
causes it to start or stop working at specific times.
Fuse
The verb "fuse" means "to melt". A fuse is an over current responsive safety device
used to protect an electrical circuit from the effects of excessive current. It is placed
in series with the electrical circuit it is intended to protect. Its essential component
is a strip of metal that will melt when the electric current in the circuit exceeds the
fuse's rated value. The element (link) in the fuse melts and opens the circuits.
Clamp meter
In the company which I worked in we mostly use digital multimeter for measuring of
voltage, current, resistance continuity etc.
Transformer
Frequency converter
Screw driver
Screwdrivers are used to drive in screws in electric fixtures, electrical boxes, or
the outside plates to the wall or ceiling. I have used in my activity different types
of screw driver out of them Phillips, slot type etc.
The forward reverse motor control is used a system where forward and backward or
upward and downward movement in the operation are needed. In Addis
pharmaceutical factory some motors works in the forward reverse direction , so it
obligates me to understand the control circuit and power circuit in order to solve
smoothly when any problems happen in the forward reverse operation of the motor.
When I was working in APF, i become careful in any electrical hazards mean that I
carefully follow the precautions and I was participated in open mindedness with all
the works and I was always happy to learn, to observe any faults when they happened.
Finally I believe on knowing weakness improve strengthens so if I have got some
unclear ideas I did ask for them and I searched in the internet in order to make clear
that doubt.
During performing my task I had not that much challenges but I was faced to few
challenges. Some of them are:-
Documented materials for one specific section were difficult to found. For
example I wanted only about maintenance section how the work flow looks
like but this was difficult for me to find out this is because APF uses
documenting of different files in one big folder generally.
I get difficult in managing the electrical activity in the first few days.
Measurements taken
I asked for the workers to help me for all challenges regarding education.
CHAPTER THREE
Skill is the ability or knowledge acquired through deliberate, practice, training, and
sustained effort to smoothly and adaptively carryout activities or job functions
involving cognitive, technical and interpersonal skills. Practical skill is the skill
gained through observation, practice, training and experiments of the theoretical
knowledge to change into real situations and events rather than theory. There, in the
Addis pharmaceutical factory I have improved my practical skills that mostly focused
in electrical: machines, equipment's, circuit boards, tests, measurements, maintenance
and how they work.
Theoretical knowledge is the knowledge that comes to have through reading written
things, drawings and listening person who have experience on the salient point.
Theoretical knowledge is the first knowledge which serves as source to upgrade
practical skills. In the hosting company which I worked, I was upgrading my
theoretical knowledge which I obtain in the university which is in concept through
practice, and training.
Teamwork is a unity when workers combine their individual skills in pursuit of a goal.
Team member has equal role and important to the output. Without unity every output
is not as the intended one, so in the company which set foot in I have learned the basic
team playing skills in the workplace which includes the following few:
Helping and guiding with member,
Being able to clearly communicate,
A work ethics is a set of moral principals an employee uses in his job which is vital to
a company to achieve its goal and every employee from the manager to the entry
work level workers must have a good work ethics to keep the company functioning at
its peak. During the internship I have upgraded my knowledge on the characteristics
of work ethics which are helps to identify who have positive work ethics among this
Punctuality,
Discipline,
Productivity,
Dedication,
The capacity and willingness to develop organize and manage a business venture
along with any of its risks in order to make a profit. Addis pharmaceutical factory
works design and supervision enterprise is governmental organization, which is
responsible for providing safe the patients of human beings by the company of APF.
The basic principle of this organization is increase product of medicine factory. The
success of work is done in the company through the display of the excellent works
performed by the company and the good workers.
4.1. Conclusion
4.2. Recommendation
The lack of technical office should be want solution because the office with
workshop & it is not suitable to work.
The utility power transformer house should be alarm alert for safety.
They should have to schedule the time for checking electric line & machine.
Reference
[1] http://www.apfethio.com/products/
[11]http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Figure-1-Electric-
motor-structure.png