CHAPTER II

This chapter is a review different related literature and studies which can be helpful

in conducting this study.

Review of related Literature

According to Ahn(2011), The social media has become one of the most important

communication means in recent times. However, social networking exist so as to provide

communication among people regardless of the distance, making it open to people easily

share information, files and pictures and videos, create blogs and send messages, and

conduct real-time conversations. These systems are referred to as social, simply because

they allow communication with buddies and coworkers so easily and effectively. It also

strengthens the ties between people of those systems. The favorite in the realm of

internet sites are Facebook, Twitter and others. These websites and social forums are

way of communication directly with other people socially and in media. They are playing

a large and influential role decision-making in the occasions from the global world

economically, politically, socially and educationally.

There is no doubt that Social media has gained wider acceptability and usability and is

also becoming probably the most important communication tools among students

especially at the higher level of educational pursuit. As much as social media is viewed

as having bridged the gap in communication that existed Al-Rahmi (2013). With the use

of different types of social media connecting with others anywhere you are became
possible. Social media has the potentials of influencing decision-making in a very short

time regardless of the distance. On the bases of its influence, benefits and demerits this

study is carried out in order to highlight the potentials of social media in the academic

setting by collaborative learning and improve the students' academic performance. The

results show that collaborative learning positively and significantly with interactive with

peers, interactive with teachers and engagement which impact the students’ academic

performance.

Moral panic is a common reaction to new forms of communication (Chalaby, 2000 ;

Winston, 1986). The advent of television spawned fears of mass escapism ( Klapper,

1960; Pearlin, 1959). In the 1990s, critics held the diffusion of Internet as evidence of

individuals’ increasing alienation from society and public life (see Kraut et al., 1998;

Turkle, 1996; White, 1997). The story with Facebook, MySpace, and other social network

sites (SNSs) is not any different. Unsafe disclosure of information, cyberbullies, addiction,

risky behavior, and contact with dangerous communities are popular concerns raised in

the mainstream media about the use of SNSs ( e.g., Hodgkinson, 2008; Koloff, 2008;

Stone, 2007).

Junco et al (2011) it is founded that when Facebook Groups allow the students to do

political or public engagement, rather than using social networking websites for social

contribution, students are using these sites for public involvement. This perception is

carry by Junco study, where it was originated that students use Facebook for cause other

than to socialize. Information collecting and Information sharing activities make up a time

to spend on Facebook as student. Students which use Facebook more for data sharing
and collecting activities get high grades than those who used it for socializing This

evidence suggest that students use Facebook for study activities however it is positive

or not.

Review of related study

Helou, Adam Mahamat (2014) attempted to obtain students’ perceptions on how

their use of social networking sites influences their academic performance and conducted

a preliminary survey of a group of Malaysian university student to gather initial findings

on their use of social networking sites and its influence on their academic performance.

This study found that the majority of respondents agreed that social networking sites

have a positive impact on their academic performance.

Salvation, Mark (2014) designed to analyze the impact of social network sites on

students’ academic performance in Malaysia. Using a conceptual approach, the study

gathered that more students prefer the use of Facebook and Twitter in academic related

discussions in complementing conventional classroom teaching and learning process.

Thus, it is imperative that lecturers and academic institutions should implement the use

of these applications in promoting academic excellence. The discussion from this study

however does not represent the general sampling of Malaysian university students.
Alhazmi, Abdulsalam K (2013) conducted study to understand the social aspects of

Facebook use among students and how they perceive using it for academic purposes, an

exploratory survey has been distributed to 105 local and international students at a large

public technology university in Malaysia. The results indicated that the students’

perception of using Facebook for academic purposes is not significantly related to

students’ gender or students’ background; while it is significantly related to study level

and students’ experience. Moreover, based on the overall results of the survey and

literature reviews, the paper presents recommendations and suggestions for further

research of social networking in a higher education context.

Hamat, Afendi (2012) presented the results of a nationwide survey on tertiary level

students in Malaysia. The results showed that SNSs penetration is not at full 100% as

initially assumed. The results also indicated that while the respondents are using SNS for

the purpose of informal learning activities, only half (50.3%) use it to get in touch with

their lecturers in informal learning contexts. The respondents reported spending more

time on SNS for socializing rather than learning and they do not believe the use of SNS

is affecting their academic performance.

Shambare, R et al. (2012) Conduct a study on Social networking habits among

students their study indicates that such Medias most commonly used by Younger‟s and

Facebook is most widely using by a large number of communities and have multiple

effects on student's life. The high speed and quickly approach to internet and the

development of smart phone technology are most important drivers behind the adoption
and connectivity with social networking websites and conclude that SNS enhance their

knowledge level.

Junco, Heibergert, and Lokenet al (2011) a study is conductedon 132 students in

order to examine the relationshipof social media and engagement of students with it&

social media and grades of students. To examine this relationshipthe students

weredivided into two groups, one group usetwitter and the other group did not use twitter

account. It was used to make discussions aboutstudy material, organize the study groups

in a manner, also post the announcements of class, and remain in touch with class

fellows. Junco and his coworkers (2011) surprised that the students of Twitter group

achieve greater GPAs and higher scores than the other group.

J,S et al (2011)Examine by online mailing questionnaires to respondents that Person

having smart phones are the most frequent users of social networking sites and have

easy access to these sites, more over it showed that junior and senior student are more

interesting to use twitter, LinkedIn and read blogs. twitter and LinkedIn having more

rating by older students to communicate and shared information and material with their

friends and the younger are frequent user of Facebook for their different activities while

usage of such media have no negative effect on students grades

Junco, Heibergert, and Lokenet al (2011) a study is conducted on 132 students in

order to examine the relationship of social media and engagement of students with it&

social media and grades of students. To examine this relationship the students were

divided into two groups, one group use twitter and the other group did not use twitter
account. It was used to make discussions about study material, organize the study groups

in a manner, also post the announcements of class, and remain in touch with class fellows.

Junco and his coworkers (2011) surprised that the students of Twitter group achieve

greater GPAs and higher scores than the other group.

Ahmad,A(2011)their study showed that social networking sites have number of

advantages for their users, it enable the community to keep in touch with their peers

and relink with old ones and help to find new friends according to your interest from all

around the and a large number of persons are linking with these networks. Hence the

network of social media is growing globally.

Lin et al. (2011) focusing on a study conducted primarily on the Facebook outcomes,

which are used by international students in the USA. The researchers found that Facebook

usage contributed to students‟ ability to participate socially and culturally in their new

environment. It is founded in a survey that out of the international students, 46 % of

students point out a social media site.

Synthesis of the Arts

The two related literature reviewed stressed the effects of different social

networking sites such as Facebook to the academic performance of the students.

According to Ah, social media has become one of the most important communication

means in recent times. However, social networking exist so as to provide communication

among people regardless of the distance, making it open to people easily share

information, files and pictures and videos, create blogs and send messages, and conduct

real-time conversations. This means that social media is a helpful tool in improving

students’ academic performance it makes easy access for information, easy way of

communication and most of all social media help student to socialize.

Furthermore base on Junco et al, Students which use Facebook more for data

sharing and collecting activities get high grades than those who used it for socializing.

Social networking sites improves the way on how students perform academically,

students now a days rely on different social networking sites than visiting a library for

researching.
 All the ten related literature and studies literature review found by the researcher

closely related with that of the present study. observations are similar to the present as

they are all having a dependent and independent variable as well its after on finding the

possible relationship between the two variables presented, the difference lies on the fact

of respondents, methodology and focus of the study. Wherein in the present study uses

the selected senior high school I.C.T. students of Sacred Heart High School. The other

studies are found related to the present study only that some different variable are

considered in conducting the previous study. The similarities lies on their purpose of

correlating two related variables which affect educational development of the student.

HYPOTHESIS

“There is significant relationship between social media use and academic performance

of the students.”

Assumptions

1. There was no age and gender difference in social media use and academic

performance in their course;

2. Negative social media effects prevented the students from realizing their success

in their selected course.

3. That variables involved in this study are measurable;

 Figure 1: Conceptual framework

Input Process Output

Sampling
Socio-demographics Data gathering EFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA

SOCIAL MEDIA USE (Negative/positive)

Data Analysis
I.C.T. exam result Data interpretation

There are three components used as inputs in this study. First is the Demographic

Profile in terms of age and gender, second is the social media used by the I.C.T. students,

and third the I.C.T. examination result for first grading.

In order to come up with the output, there are four processes to be taken first

sampling procedure to determine the exact sample size that will be used as respondent

for this research. Second is Data gathering, third is tabulation of data gathered and last

is data interpretation. With these process output will be given.

Figure 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The Technological
Determinism Theory

Effects of Social

Media to the Academic

Performance of TVL and

GAS Students of Sacred

Heart High School S/Y

2017-2018

The Uses and Gratification

Theory
Magic Bullet Theory
Theoretical framework

Definition of term:

Academic Performance- This refers to the ability to study and remember facts, being

able to study effectively and see how facts fit together and form larger patterns of

knowledge, and being able to think for yourself in relation to facts and being able to

communicate your knowledge verbally or down on paper. In this study it is the dependent

variable.

-academic performance is use in this research as dependent variable.

EFFECTS- A change that results when something is done or happens: an event,

condition, or state of affair that is produced by a cause.

-effects is use as the output of this research.

FACABOOK- the brand name of a social service and website, launched in 2014.

-Facebook is use in this research as dependent variable because it is an example of a

social networking sites.

SOCIAL MEDIA- forms of electronic communication (as Web sites for social networking

and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information,

ideas, personal messaging, and other content (as videos).

-social media use in this research as the independent variable.

STUDY- the activity or process of learning about something by reading, memorizing

facts, attending school, etc.

-Study is use for this research as a basis to measure how social media affects students’

academic performance.

References;

 (The effect of social network sites on adolescents' social and academic

development: Current theories and controversies)
Authors:June Ahn
First published: 26 April 2011
DOI: 10.1002/asi.21540
Date retrieve: June 29, 2017
 (The impact of social media use on academic performance among
university students: A Pilot Study)
Author: Waleed Mugahed Al-Rahmi
Date published: August 2013
Date retrieve: June 29, 2017
 Merriam Webster dictionary 1828
 Ahmad, A. (2011, Feburary). Rising of Social Network Websites in India
Overview. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network
Security, 11, 155-158.
 Das, D. B., & Sahoo, J. S. (2010). Social Networking Sites – A Critical Analysis
of Its Impact on Personal and Social Life. International Journal of Business and
Social Science.
 Rambe, P. (2011). Exploring the Impacts of Social Networking Sites on
Academic Relations in the University. Journal of Information Technology
Education, 10, 272-293.
 Shambare, R., Rugimbana, R., & Sithole, N. (2012, january 18). Social
networking habits among students. African Journal of Business Management
Vol. 6(2), 578-786.
 Junco, Heibergert, and Loken et al (2011)The Impact Of Social Media And Social
Networks On Education And Students Of Pakistan. IJCSI International Journal
of Computer Science Issues, , 9, 407-410.

 http://www.academia.edu/1220569/Social_Media_in_Higher_Education_A_Litera
ture_Review_and_Research_Directions, 1-26.