TUTORIAL SEPT 2014 CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CLB 10904)

CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CLB 10904)

TUTORIAL 1
CHAPTER 1: BASIC CONCEPTS (PART 1)

1. Convert:
a. 0.5 g/min.in3 to lbm/hr.ft3 (Ans: 114.29 lbm/hr.ft3)
b. 6000 in/lbm.hr to all ISI Units (Ans: 0.093 m/kg.s)
c. 0.005 N to lbm.cm/min2 (Ans: 3968.32 lbm.cm/min2)
d. 500 m3/day.kg to cm3/min.g (Ans: 347.22 cm3/min.g)
e. 50.37 kJ /min to hp (Ans: 1.13 hp)

2. Determine which of the following is dimensionless?

a. 70˚ (Ans: Dimensionless) b. e70 (Ans: Dimensionless)
c. Force d. 6 (Ans: Dimensionless)
e. Energy f. Power

3. Determine the dimensions of the following quantities.

a. Volume (Ans: L3)
c. Density (Ans: M/L3)
e. Pressure (Ans: M/L.T2)
g. Power (Ans: M.L2/T3)
i. Displacement (Ans: L)
b. Acceleration (Ans: L/T2)
d. Force (Ans: M.L/T2)
f. Energy (Ans: M.L2/T2)
h. Frequency (Ans: 1/T)

4. Determine if the following equation are dimensionally homogenous.

1
X = X 0 +V0t + at 3
2
Where: X is the displacement at time t, X0 is the displacement at time t = 0, V0 is the velocity at time t = 0
and a is the constant acceleration.
"L % " L %
L = L +$ ×T '+$ 2 ×T 3'
Answer: #T & #T &
L = L + L + LT (not dimensionally homogenous)

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TUTORIAL SEPT 2014 CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CLB 10904)
5. Determine the dimension of k; Boltzmann’s constant in the equation below if given it is dimensionally
homogenous.

N d −V .g.hd .( ρ − ρ1 )
ln =
Na kT
Where: Nd and Na are number of particles, V is volume, g is gravitational acceleration, hd is distance, ρ
and ρ1 are densities, and T is absolute temperature.
Nd
ln = Dimensionless
Na
L M
V = L3 ; g =
2
;hd = L; ρ = ρ1 = 3 ;T = θ
Answer: T L
L M
L3 × 2 × L × 3 2
k= T L = M .L
θ T 2 .θ

6. Determine if the following equation are dimensionally homogenous

E = mc 2
Where: E is energy, m is mass and c is the speed of light.

kg.m kg.m2 M .L2

E = J = N.m = × m = = 2
s2 s2 T
L2
m = M ;c 2 =
Answer: T2
M .L2 L2
= M × 2 (dimensionally homogenous)
T2 T

7. The reaction rate constant, k depends on the temperature, T as given below in the Arrhenius equation.
! mol $ 5
! −10,000 $
k# 3 & = 1.21×10 exp # &
" dm .min % " 8.314T %

The units of the quantity 10,000 are J/mol, and T is in K (kelvin). What are the units of 1.21 X 105 and
8.314?

mol
1.21×105
dm3 .min
" J %
$ '
exp $ mol ' = unitless
$ J
Answer: $ × K ''
# mol.K &
J
8.314
mol.K

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TUTORIAL SEPT 2014 CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CLB 10904)
8. Determine the dimensions of q in the following equation for flow through a rectangular weir below if it is
determined the equation is dimensionally homogenous.

q = 0.415(L − 0.2h0 )h01.5 ( 2g )

Where L is crest height, ho is the weir height and g is the acceleration gravity.

q = 0.415(L − 0.2h0 )h01.5 ( 2g )

1

1.5
" L % 2 L1+1.5+0.5
= (L − L)(L ) $ 2 ' =
Answer: #T & T
L3
=
T

9. Consider the following equation. Given the unit of D as ft and t as second.

D = 2t + 5
a. If the equation is valid, what are the dimensions of the constant 2 and 5?

L
Answer: 2 = ;5 = L
T
b. If the equation is consistent in its unit, what are the units of 2 and 5?

ft
Answer: 2= ;5 = ft
s

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TUTORIAL SEPT 2014 CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CLB 10904)
CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CLB 10904)
TUTORIAL 1
CHAPTER 1: PROCESSES AND PROCESS VARIABLES (PART 2)
1. Convert 30.0 kmol of toluene (C7H8) (MW = 92.14) to
a. kg C7H8
92.14kg
Answer: 30.0kmol × = 276.42kg
kmol

b. mol C7H8
1000mol
Answer: 30.0kmol × = 30,000mol
1kmol

c. Ib-mol C7H8
2.20462lb − mol
Answer: 30.0kmol × = 66.14lb − mol
1kmol

2. Convert 100 °F to K, oC, and oR.

T ( o R) = 100 o F + 459.67 = 559.67 o R

100 o F − 32
T ( oC) = = 37.77 oC
Answer: 1.8
T K = 37.77 oC + 273.15 = 274.92K
( )

3. Consider the interval from 100 °F to 200 °F. Calculate directly the interval in °C, K, and oR between the
temperatures.

ΔT = (200 −100) = 100 o F

1oC
ΔT = 100 F × o = 55.56 oC
o

1.8 F
o 1o R o
Answer: ΔT = 100 F × o = 100 R
1F
1oC 1o K
ΔT = 100 o F × o × o = 55.56K
1.8 F 1 C

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TUTORIAL SEPT 2014 CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CLB 10904)
4. Consider the following compound Phenolphthalein (C20H14O4) with MW of 318.32.
a. How many mol are in 100 g of Phenolphthalein
gmol
Answer: 100g × = 0.314gmol
318.32g

b. How many lbmol are in 200 lbm of Phenolphthalein

lbmol
Answer: 200lbm × = 0.628lbmol
318.32lbm

c. How many g are in 0.001 lbmol of Phenolphthalein

318.32lbm 453.593g
Answer: 0.001lbmol × × = 144.39g
lbmol 1lbm

5. Liquid Ethyl acetate (C4H8O2) is flowing through a pipe at a rate of 150 L/s. Given SG of Ethyl acetate
is 0.901 and MW = 88.10.
a. What is the mass flow rate of this stream in kg/hr?

L (0.901×1000)kg 1m3 3600s kg

Answer: 150 × × × = 486,540
s m3 1000L 1hr hr

b. What is the mass flow rate of this stream in lbm/min?

L (0.901× 62.43)lbm 1 ft 3 60s lbm

Answer: 150 × 3
× × = 17,877.77
s ft 28.317L 1min min

c. What is the molar flow rate in kmol/min?

L (0.901×1000)kg 1m3 60s kmol kmol

Answer: 150 × 3
× × × = 92.05
s m 1000L 1min 88.10kg min

d. What is the molar flow rate in lbmol/hr?

L (0.901× 62.43)lbm 1 ft 3 3600s lbmol lbmol

Answer: 150 × × × × = 12,175.56
s ft 3 28.317L 1hr 88.10lbm hr

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TUTORIAL SEPT 2014 CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CLB 10904)
6. Given a mixture of 200 lbm/hr of A (MW = 20.0) and 400 lbm/hr of B (MW = 30.0) flow through a
pipe. Determine:
a. The mass fraction of A and B
200lbmA
hr lbmA
XA = = 0.33
(200 + 400)lbmtotal lbmtotal
Answer: hr
lbmB
X B = (1− 0.33) = 0.67
lbmtotal

b. The mole fraction of A and B

200lbmA lbmolA lbmolA
nA = × = 10
hr 20lbmA hr
400lbmB lbmolB lbmolB
nB = × = 13.33
hr 30lbmB hr
10lbmolA
Answer: y = hr lbmolA
A
= 0.43
(10 +13.33)lbmoltotal lbmoltotal
hr
lbmolB
y B = (1− 0.43) = 0.57
lbmoltotal

c. The total molar flowrate of the mixture

200lbmA lbmolA lbmolA
nA = × = 10
hr 20lbmA hr
400lbmB lbmolB lbmolB
nB = × = 13.33
Answer: hr 30lbmB hr
lbmoltotal
nTotal = (10 +13.33) = 23.33
hr

d. Calculate the average molecular weight of the mixture.

" 0.43lbmolA 20.0lbmA % " 0.57lbmolB 30.0lbmB %
M =$ × '+$ × '
# lbmoltotal lbmolA & # lbmoltotal lbmolB &
Answer:
lbmtotal
= 25.7
lbmoltotal

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TUTORIAL SEPT 2014 CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CLB 10904)
7. Given a solution contains 15% of A (MW = 50.0) by mass and the remaining B (MW = 40.0).
a. Calculate the mass of A and B in its 100 kg of the solution.
0.15kgA
mA = ×100kgtotal = 15kgA
kgtotal
Answer:
0.85kgB
mB = (1− 0.15) = ×100kgtotal = 85kgB
kgtotal

b. Calculate the molar flowrate of A and B in a stream of solution flowing at a total rate of 53 lbm/hr
0.15lbmA 53lbmtotal lbmA
mA = × = 7.95
lbmtotal hr hr
lbmB
mB = (53− 7.95) = 45.05
hr
Answer: 7.95lbmA lbmolA lbmolA
nA = × = 0.159
hr 50lbmA hr
45.05lbmB lbmolB lbmolB
nB = × = 1.126
hr 40lbmB hr

c. Calculate the total mass of the solution that contains 300 lbm of B.
lbtotal
Answer: mTotal = 300lbmB × = 352.94lbmtotal
0.85lbmB

8. Given a solution contains 20 mole% of B (MW = 10.0) and the remaining A (MW = 40.0)
a. Calculate the mass flowrate of A in a stream flowing at a total rate 100 kmol/min.
0.80kmolA 100kmoltotal kmolA
nA = (1− 0.20) = × = 80
kmoltotal min min
Answer: 80kmolA 40kgA kgA
mA = × = 3200
min kmolA min

b. Calculate the mass fraction of A and B with total flowrate of 40 lbmol/s.

0.80lbmolA 40lbmoltotal lbmolA
nA = (1− 0.20) = × = 32
l bmoltotal s s
8lbmolB
nB = (40 − 32) =
s
32lbmolA 40lbmA lbmA
mA = × = 1280
s lbmolA s
8lbmolB 10lbmB lbmB
mB = × = 80
Answer: s lbmolB s
1280lbmA
s lbmA
XA = = 0.94
(1280 + 80)lbmtotal lbmtotal
s
lbmB
X B = (1− 0.94) = 0.06
lbmtotal
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TUTORIAL SEPT 2014 CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CLB 10904)
c. Calculate the molar flowrate of A that corresponds to a molar flowrate of 28 mol B/s.
28molB moltotal moltotal
nTotal = × = 140
s 0.20molB s
Answer: 140moltotal 0.80molA molA
nA = × = 112
s moltotal s

9. The volume of a liquid mixture contains 100 ml methanol (SG 0.792) and 150 ml (SG 0.791) of
acetone. Given Methanol MW = 32.04 and Acetone MW = 58.08.
a. Calculate the mass fraction of methanol and acetone in the mixture.

(0.792 ×1.00)gM 1cm3

mM = 100ml × × = 79.2gM
cm3 1ml
(0.791×1.00)gA 1cm3
mA = 150ml × × = 118.65gM
cm3 1ml
Answer: X = 79.2gM gM
M
= 0.4
(79.2 +118.65)gtotal gtotal
gB
X A = (1− 0.4) = 0.6
gtotal

b. Calculate the mole fraction of methanol and acetone in the mixture.

molM
nM = 79.2gM × = 2.47molM
32.04gM
molM
nA = 118.65gA × = 2.04molA
58.08gM
Answer: 2.47molM molM
yM = = 0.55
(2.47 + 2.04)moltotal moltotal
molB
y A = (1− 0.55) = 0.45
moltotal

c. Calculate the average molecular weight of the mixture.

" 0.55molM 32.04gM % " 0.45molA 58.08gA % gtotal
Answer: M = $ × '+$ × ' = 43.76
# moltotal molM & # moltotal molA & moltotal

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TUTORIAL SEPT 2014 CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CLB 10904)
10. Given the feed to ammonia synthesis reactor contains 55 mole% nitrogen gas (MW 28.02) and the
balance hydrogen gas (MW 2.016). In addition, it is found that the flow rate of the mixture is
5000lbm/hr. Calculate the flow rate of nitrogen into the reactor in lbm/hr.
" 0.55lbmolN 2 28.02lbmN 2 % " 0.45lbmolH 2 2.016lbmH 2 %
M mixture = $ × '+$ × '
# lbmoltotal lbmolN 2 & # lbmoltotal lbmolH 2 &
lbmtotal
= 16.3182
lbmoltotal
5000lbmtotal lbmoltotal lbmoltotal
nmixture = × = 306.41
Answer: hr 16.3182lbmtotal hr
0.55lbmolN 2 306.41lbmoltotal lbmol N 2
nN 2 = × = 168.53
lbmoltotal hr hr
168.53lbmol N 2 28.02lbmN 2 lbmN 2
mN 2 = × = 4722.21
hr lbmolN 2 hr

11. A mixture contains 20.0 mole% ethanol (MW 46.07, SG 0.789), 75.0 mole % ethyl acetate (MW 88.10,
SG 0.901) and the remaining acetic acid (MW 60.05, SG 1.049).
a. Calculate the mass fractions of each compound in the mixture.
Assume total mole of mixture = 100 mol as basis of calculation
0.20molET
nET = ×100moltotal = 20molET
moltotal
0.75molEA
nEA = ×100moltotal = 75molEA
moltotal
0.05molAA
nAA = (1− 0.20 − 0.75) = ×100moltotal = 5molAA
moltotal
46.07gET
mET = 20molET × = 921.4gET
molET
88.10gEA
mEA = 75molEA × = 6607.5gEA
molEA
Answer: 60.05gAA
mAA = 5molAA × = 300.25gAA
molAA
921.4gET gET
X ET = = 0.12
(921.4 + 6607.5+ 300.25)gtotal gtotal
6607.5gEA gEA
X EA = = 0.84
(921.4 + 6607.5+ 300.25)gtotal gtotal
gAA
X AA = (1− 0.12 − 0.84) = 0.04
gtotal

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TUTORIAL SEPT 2014 CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CLB 10904)
b. Calculate the average molecular weight of the mixture.
" 0.20molET 46.07gET % " 0.75molEA 88.10gEA % " 0.05molAA 60.05gAA %
M =$ × '+$ × '+$ × '
# moltotal molET & # moltotal molEA & # moltotal molAA &
Answer:
gtotal
= 636.48
moltotal

c. Determine the mss (kg) of the mixture if it contains 25.0 mol of ethyl acetate?
nEA = 25molEA
moltotal 636.48gtotal
mTotal = 25molEA × ×
0.75molEA moltotal
Answer: 1kg
= 21,216gtotal ×
1000g
= 21.216kgtotal

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