A SEMINAR PRESENTED

ON

APPLICATION OF T-TEST IN EVALUATION OF STATISTICS

AND COMPUTER IN STA 122

PRESENTED BY

AKINYEMI TOSIN BABATUNDE

FPA/SA/15/1-0020

SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

THE FEDERAL POLYTHEHNIC, ADO EKITI, EKITI STATE.

JANUARY , 2018.
 1.0 INTRODUCTION

The department of Mathematics and Statistics at the Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti was cave out of the

department of mathematics and computer studies and start functioning as a full fledge department in

September 2007.The department commenced with nineteen (19)staff, fifteen(15) lecturers, four (4)

technologies and two (2) non-academic staff.

When the department was a unit in the department of mathematics and computer studies, the resources

visited team gave approval for student admission through jamb in 1994. Through these years, the

department has witnessed considerable growth in student enrolment, staff strength and laboratory

facilities, the department as at present has (1) laboratory. The facilities in this laboratory meet up with

the required standard. To date, member of staff have attended seminars, conferences and workshops

both within and outside the state.

1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE

 To know the scores of statistic to that of computer studies in Stat 122(stat theory 1)

 To know the average performance of the two department

 To determine the department with highest performance .

1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study will differentiate between the student scores in Sta122 between the student of computer

science and mathematics and Statistics, Federal polytechnic Ado-Ekiti. The study will also compare the

average score between the students in the two department.

 2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The data for this study were obtained secondary data. The data was collected from school of science and

computer studies using mathematics and statistics and computer studies department as case studies.

2.1 T-Test

This is use for testing the different between two mean using the SPSS Compare Means analyses.

Type of T-test

1 Dependent sample (or one-sample) t-test.

2 Independent sample t-tests

3 Difference- sample (matched – or paired sample) t-test

Dependent Sample T-Test (Or One Sample T-Test): The dependent- sample t-test allows us to test

whether a sample means (0) has is significantly different from a population mean (:) when only the

sample standard deviation (s) is known. In terms of knowing when to use the dependent t-test, you

should consider using this test when you have continuous data collected from a group that you want to

compare the group’s average score to some known criterion value (probably a population mean) in other

word there have been an existences in a particular system and the same system have been improved, we

now want to know the improvement and compare it with the previous result. For example the average

weight of statistics nd2 is 65 for their weight to be more we give them a certain food in other to

increase their weight, 10 people is selected randomly from the department in other to test if their weight

have change then we use dependent or one sample t-test. formula for one sample t-test is display below;
 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛(𝑥̅ )−𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑁
t= 𝑆
√𝑁

Independent Sample T-Test :The independent –sample t-test allows us to test whether a two sample

means are significantly different from each other. In term of knowing when to use the independent-

sample t-test, you should consider using this test when you have two variables; one discrete variable

consisting of two groups and on continuous variable consisting of a continuum of scores. formula for

independent t-test is shown below;

𝑥̅𝑎 − 𝑥̅𝑏
⁄ 𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 ⁄=
1 1
√𝑠𝑝2 (
𝑛𝑎 + 𝑛𝑏 )

2 2
(𝑛𝑎 − 1)∫𝑎 + (𝑛𝑏 − 1)∫𝑏
2
𝑠𝑝 =
𝑛𝑎 + 𝑛𝑎 − 2

2 ∑ 𝐷𝑎2
∫𝑎 = 𝑛

Paired Sample T-Test: The difference –sample T-test allows us to test whether a two sample means,

collected from the same group on two separate occasions, are significantly different from each other. In

terms of knowing when

to use the different –sample T-test, you should consider using this test when you have two continuous

variable that represent the same variable measure on two separate occasions. for example assuming we

weight 20 students we said they are overweight we told them to be jugging then after two weeks we

examine them again, in such situation we will use pair sample T-test. Formula for pair wise T-test is

display below;

𝑑̅
Tcal=𝑆.𝐸(𝑑̅)
 𝑆𝑑
Standard error(S.E)=
√𝑛

(𝑑−𝑑̅)
S.D=√ 𝑛

3.0 TABULATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

S/N STATISTISTICS COMPUTER 𝑋𝑎 − ̅𝑋̅̅𝑎̅ 𝑋𝑎 − ̅𝑋̅̅𝑎̅

2
𝑋𝑏 − ̅̅̅
𝑋𝑏 𝑋𝑎 − ̅𝑋̅̅𝑎̅
2

(a) (b)

1 40 32 -9.4 88.36 -26.45 699.66

2 30 52 -19.4 376.36 -6.45 41.60

3 90 91 40.6 1648.36 32.55 1059.50

4 73 73 23.6 556.96 14.55 211.70

5 40 70 -9.4 88.36 11.55 133.40

6 40 63 -9.4 88.36 4.55 20.70

7 63 60 13.6 184.96 1.55 2.40

8 58 40 8.6 73.96 -18.65 340.40

9 42 73 -7.4 54.76 14.55 211.70

10 48 42 -1.4 1.96 -16.45 270.60

11 55 70 5.6 31.36 11.55 133.40

12 40 67 -9.4 88.36 8.55 73.10

13 32 63 -17.4 302.76 4.55 20.70

14 40 37 -9.4 88.36 -21.45 460.10

15 63 65 13.6 184.96 6.55 42.90

16 60 68 10.6 112.36 9.55 91.20

17 47 70 -2.4 5.76 11.55 133.40

18 31 53 -18.4 338.56 -5.45 29.70

19 41 40 -8.4 70.56 -18.45 340.40

20 55 40 5.6 31.36 -18.45 340.40

TOTAL 988 1169 4407.8 4656.963

HYPOTENCY STATEMENT

H0:Statistics result in STAT 122 has no significant different with the result of computer in STAT 122

H1: Statistics result in STAT 122 has significant different with the result of computer in STAT 122

TEST STATISTICS

𝑥̅𝑎 − 𝑥̅𝑏
⁄ 𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 ⁄=
1 1
√𝑠𝑝2 (
𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑏 )
+

2 2
2
(𝑛𝑎 − 1)∫𝑎 + (𝑛𝑏 − 1)∫𝑏
𝑠𝑝 =
𝑛𝑎 + 𝑛𝑏 − 2

2 ∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
∫𝑎 =
𝑛−1

4407.8
= 231.99
19
 2 ∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
∫𝑏 =
𝑛−1

4658.963
= 245.21
19

∑𝑥
𝑥̅ =
𝑛

988
𝑥𝑎 =
̅̅̅ = 49.4
20

1169
𝑥𝑏 =
̅̅̅ = 58.45
20

19(231.99) + 19(245.21)
𝑠𝑝2 =
20 + 20 − 2

4407.81 + 4658.99
= = 238.6
38

49.4 − 58.45
/𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 /=
√238.6 ( 1 + 1 )
20 20

−9.05
=
15.45 × 0.316

−9.05
=
4.88

= −1.9
It is an absolute value the it will be 1.9

DECISION RULE : Reject H0 if the Tcal ˃ Ttable , otherwise accept H0

DECISION; Since T calculated is 1.9 is the less than t table (2.024), then we have no reason to reject H0

T table value is 2.024

Conclusion: Based on the decision taken above, we whereby conclude that Statistics result in STAT 122

has no significant different with the result of computer in STAT 122.

USING SPSS

HYPOTENCY STATEMENT

H0: Statistics result in STAT 122 has no significant different with the result of computer in STAT 122

H1: Statistics result in STAT 122 has significant different with the result of computer in STAT 122

Independent Samples Test

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence
Interval of the

Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error Difference

Sig. T Df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper

SCORES Equal
- .8422
variances .712 -1.852 38 .072 -9.05000 4.88654
18.94229 9
assumed
 Equal
.8425
variances -1.852
1
not assumed

DECISION RULE

Reject H0 if sigvalue ≤ ⍺value, otherwise there is no reason to reject H0

Decision

Since of sigvalue (0.712) is greater than ⍺ value (0.05), therefore we have no reason to reject H0.

Conclusion: Based on the decision taken above, we whereby conclude that Statistics result in STAT 122

has no significant different with respect to the result of computer in STAT 122

4.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 SUMMARY

The data was obtained using secondary data and independent t-test was used to analyze the data and 20

students were sampled in each department using sample without replacement. Based on the analysis it is

now shown that there no significant different between the result of statistics and computer students in

stat 122(statistical theory).

4.1 CONCLUSION

It is whereby concluded that Statistics result in STAT 122 has no significant different to the result of

computer in STAT 122, Furthermore, by comparing the result obtained from the manual method with

that of electronic method i.e. the use of statistical package for social science (SPSS) it can be seen that

the result obtained and the conclusion are the same.

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