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Development of the model for basic creep in Part II is followed here by a prediction model for
creep at various temperatures that are kept constant during creep. The model, which preserves
the form of the double power law, reflects two opposing effects of temperature: the increase of
creep rate due to heating, and the reduction of creep due to thermally accelerated hydration.
Prediction of material parameters from mix composition is studied and extensive comparisons
with test data indicate a good agreement.
424
Z. P. BAZANT - l. PANULA
0.25
BT = 1 + (74/(T-253. 2)f +1. (39)
u
>-
5
.cr" 19,4 -1
100
1 + (T- 253.2
)3.'
a
Equation (37) is approximately valid from about 20 40 60 80 100 120
- 200 e to perhaps 120°C. Near the ends of the range Temperature in "C
the rise of CT with temperature is milder (fig. 26 a). Fig. 26. - Coefficients Cy and BT as function of temperature.
Function BT indicates that exponent nT increases
with temperature, i. e., the ratio of long-time to short- tion (41) does not involve strength, but since the strength
time creep increases as temperature is raised. This depends on wi c and al c, the effect of strength is present
may be explained by the larger effect of the accele- indirectly. .
ration of aging during the early creep period.
Equations (35), (37), (38) reflect the fact that the tempe-
rature effect on creep is twofold ([60], [5]): (a) an COMPARISONS WITH TEST DATA ON HEATED
increase in temperature increases the creep rate, but SEALED SPECIMENS
(b) it also accelerates hydration, i. e., aging. These
effects, modeled by coefficients cT , iT and t~, respectively,
oppose each other. When a young concrete is heated Fits of numerous test data shown in figures 27-34
well before it is loaded, the equivalent hydration indicate a reasonable agreement of the present model
period t~ for the moment of load application may get with experiments. Basic information on the test data
sharply increased, causing a reduction of the creep used is given in Appendix IV ..
increase due to heating. On the other hand, when an For some data sets important information was not
old concrete is heated, the change in t~ has little effect reported and, therefore, has had to be assumed. e. g.,
on subsequent creep, and so a strong increase of creep for England and Ross' data it has been assumed that
with temperature takes place. Modeling of both these the heat was applied at the age of 10 days, simulta-
opposing tendencies is essential for successful fitting neously with load application (i. e., no heat stabilization
of test data. period before the test). Also, the initial "elastic" strains
The elastic modulus E is known to decrease with at elevated temperatures have been assumed using
temperature beyond 50oe, the drop reaching about proportionality to the values of Marechal. For the
20% at 1000 e ([61], [62 D. Like the double power law tests of Silveira and Florentino, it has been assumed
which gives proper age-dependence of elastic modulus, that the heat was applied three days before loading.
equation (34) seems to give approximately correct For Nasser and Neville's data ([68], [69 D, the sand-
temperature dependence of the elastic modulus: gravel ratio was not available, and so exponent n has
been assumed. The initial elastic strains have had to
1 1 be assumed also (0.2 x 10 - 6 I psi). Papers [68] and [69]
E(t ')=E (,)=J(t'+O.I,t') mentioned that E was not a function of temperature;
stat t
therefore, the value of II Eo has been found by optimiza-
tion. The E-modulus was reported to increase by 22%
from t' = 14 days to t' = 365 days, and the value of
J (t' + 0.001, t') has been assumed to change in pro-
portion. Moreover, these data indicate, independently
EFFECf OF COMPOSITION ON BASIC CREEP of curing temperature, a 22% increase of elastic modulus
upon heating, which conflicts with references [61]
OF HEATED CONCRETE
and [62]. The deviations from test data in figures 28
and 32 must be judged in the light of the preceding
By fitting of test data ([59], [23], [61], [63], [64], remarks.
,{65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [22], [70], [71], [72 Dit was
verified that: When unspecified, the unit weight of concrete has
been assumed as 2,400 kg/m 3 .
It is interesting to compare J (90 + 365,90) for the
(41) data of Silveira and Florentino [67], McDonald [22]
and Kennedy [23]. At room temperature, the values
where at accounts for the cement type and is the same are 0.425, 0.285, O. 285 (all in 1O- 6 /psi), and at elevated
as in equation (18) of Part II; wi c= water-cement ratio; temperatures tested (45, 65.6 and 65. 6°e respectively),
al c= aggregate-cement ratio. An increase of creep rate the values are 0.748,0.400 and 0.445. This is a consi-
with the water-cement ratio, as given by equation (41), derable scatter in view of the fact that tlie mix' parameters
is logical to expect. The increase of Co with the aggregate- and test conditions were quite similar (see Appendix IV).
cement ratio means that the restraining effect of aggre- For temperatures beyond 95°e, the present model
gate on creep is stronger at lower temperatures. Equa- gives only very crude estimates. Even though all
425
VOL. 11 :"0 66 - MATI:RIAUX ET CONSTRUCTIONS
0.5
0.0;
0.4
0.4
•• ....
...A.
0.3
• ...- • .-- . ~
1', 180days
0.3
•
1"15 days
uniaxial test
00 0 ll.
• ••• biaxi al test
0.2
• 0.2
• (y,0.2)
I 10
10 100 1000
England and Ross, 19&2
1.1
l/E.= 0 .107 . 10'6 /ps i
Nishizawa and Okamura, 1970 0
0.9 <p, = 3.012 CT\26= 1.861
l/E.= 0.100 ·lQ'6/psi n =0.128 Cn4o =1.997
.iii IP, = 3.234 1.0 m = 0.317
0.. n = 0.147 0( = 0.056
....... 0.8 m = 0.303 0 Cr2o=-0.032
'"'0 0<. = 0.063 ~=0.499
CT20 = - 0.023 0.9
Cr77= 1.063
CT7O= 0.648 ~4=1.414
C 0.7 CT90 = 0.964 0 Cr114= 1. 725
::--
+'"
0.8
0.6
a
-, 0.7
0.5
O.b o
0.3
o a
1',28 days
10 100
0.3
McDonald, lW,5 t',10cbys
0.40 1~=0.101·10 I psi •
'f, =3.272 10 100
n =0.147
m= 0.305 Johansen and Best, 1962
0'> = 0.059 li
l/E.=0.176 '10' /psi
CT23 =-0.OO6 0.6 Cf, =4.628 CT2o =-0.101
CTe6 =0.668 n =0.120 CT12 =-0.266
m =0.466 4t-121 =-0.407
0.30 0( =0.036 Crc-<Ol= -0.412
0.5 <)
<)
~8
•
0
.. cP
~~
r,90cbys
,#IJia
!lo
0.4
~(X)
0.20 o 600 psi. )22.8"C
.2400pso 0.3
• 2400 psi
10 100
t- t' in days
Fig. 27., - Fits of Tests of Temperature Effect on Creep by Hannant (1967) [61]. Artbanari and Yu (1967) [63]. Nisbizawa and Okamura
(1970) [64]. England and Ross (1962) [65]. McDonald (1975) [22] and Jobansen and Best (1962) [66]. CT optimized - solid line; subscript
number refers to corresponding temperatllre. CT witb.formula-dasbed line. 1/ Eo calculated from experimental E 28 or optimized from
basic creep data.
426
Z. P. BAZANT - l. PANULA
specimens considered here were sealed, moisture may that is sometimes observed upon passing 100°C; see
have moved out of concrete and collected under a the curves near 100°C in figure 28 for Nasser and
bulged jacket. Also, rapid redistribution of moisture Neville's data, and the reversed order of temperatures
within the heated specimen may have had considerable for the curves near 100°C in figure 27 for England
effect on creep. In particular, the present model does and Ross's data.
not describe the decrease in creep rate (i. e., in CT )
0.50 r-------------------------.p,....,
York, Perry, Kennedy, 1970 I Do Silveira and Florentino, 1968
()
o I
0.9
IIE.= 0.150. uj6,psi
IIE,= 0.0s7· 10 'psi
If, = 3.410 / =2.987 'P, CT20 =0.0. f=28.90.36Sdays
n =0.'53 I o n =0.122 CT4,=0.903.t'=28days ()
0.20
•
10 100 •
r------~---------/----,
Nasser and 1'I:~iUe, 1965 I 0 8 0.2 • • • ••
11E.= 0.085 ·10 Ipsi /
'Ii
=4.308 /
o 10 100
0.7
n=0.140 /
o
Nasser and Neville, 1967 ,/
m=0.302 / 6
0< =0.042 / llE.= 0.085' 10 , psi ,/
II)
CT2I = 0.0 / 0.7 'P, =4.308 C'21=O.O./
Cl
..,....... 0.6 - CT7I = 1.122 / n = 0.140
m = 0.302 -
C'46=1.023
CT71 =2.112
'0 CT21 =-0.OL3 /
- -C Tn =1.700 0.6 d. = 0.042 /' Cr... =2.496
,/ CT2I =-O.Of:l8/
C ,/ CT4 • = 1.023
,/ o ••tII -C Tn = 2.712
0.5 ,/
C_ =4.263
..
:...
.,
' /'
./
,/
00
o 'I.'
.,.
••
/'
/',/
.0·. ;.--/
./ /'
./
./ ocP . , •• /'/'
0.4 ./ o /'
./
rSJOO • • /'
/'
100
... .. -,...
0.3
-.--.- ----
20'e
o
0.2 • • t' = 123 days
100 10 100
t - t' In days
Fig. 28. - Fits of Tests of Temperature Effect on Creep by York, Kennedy and Perry (1970) [23]. Da Silveira and Florentino (1968) [67].
Nasser and Neville (1965) [68]. Nasser and Neville (1967) [69]. Seki and Kawasumi (1970) [70] and Sielinski and Sadowski (1973) [71].
CT optimized - solid line, CT with formula - dashed line. 1/ Eo optimized from basic creep data.
427
VOL. 11 - N° 66 - MATERIAUX ET CONSTRUCTIONS
1',7 days
1.0 11 E. ' 0.124 . 10· 6/psi
'!, '3.511
n ,0.156
O.B m '0.307
rI. '0.060
Vl
a. 0.6
<0
.......
°
o °
'0
c:
:... 0.2 e
.... 1.2 Browne. 1967
--, t',7days
l/E.'0.124.10-6lpsi
1.0
'lI '3.511
n ,0.156
m .0.307
0.8 '" '0.060
0.6
0.4
0.2
10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100
t-t' in days
Fig. 29. - Fits of Tests of Temperature Effect on Creep by Browne (1967) [59]. C r optimized-solid line in figure!-}. Cr with formula-
solid line in figure a-e. 1/ Eo optimized from basic creep data. Experimental datas are smoothed mean values.
428
Komendanl, Polivka, Pirlz, 1976 Komendanl, Polivka, Pirlz, 1976
1/ Eo - 0.)03 . 10-s Ipsi IIEo -0.103 '10- 6 Ipsl
0.7 f-
"',
n
- 3.293
- 0.15 I
"',
n
- 3.235
- 0.147
0.6 I- m - 0.303 m - 0.305
a -0.066 a - 0.065
0.5~ Cu. - 0.0 Cu. - -0.004 C u ! - 0.0 C TU - -0.004
- Cu. - 0.01 - - - C T4 • - 0.162 - - Cu. - 0.086 --- C T45 - 0.153
03
0.3
--- • ~'--'
0.2.
0.2 • o 0
--
cu , - 0.938 Cu, - 0.587 C T71 - 0.760 CT7' - 0.554
0.3
0.3
0.2 o o
-:> 02 •
r~
(mix B)
'II!I' II'I'! ' I IIIII 111'1' '[1111 ""':0.1: I! III! ' I ! IIII ,! I"" I I [.,., ,! "'I I "'111,
"', - 3.293
-0.15 I
"',
n
- 3.235
-0.147
05 f- 0.5
m -0.303 m -0.305
a- 0.066 a -0.065 N
0.41- C TZ3 -0.0. C TU--0.005 0.4 C n. - 0.0 C TU --0.005
- - C T45 -0.411 - - C T4 ! -0.515 - - - C T4 ! - 0.205
:-0
- - - CT4!-0.217
-1.132 c u , - 1.004 IJI
0.3 f- CT?I 03 l>
N
l>
0.2 0.2 o Z
-t
(mix A) •
0.1 I , ! "II
,,!.I,I I ' III,! II"'! ,! I'I'! "1'1'0.1'
IQ('(')
I
0.001
, ! 111,1 I' ! IIIIII ! IIIII! IIII1I1 111'11 "1111 r-
0.001 am 0.1 10 100 0.01 0.1 10 100 1000 "0
l>
Z
t-t I in days c
t!3
'-0
Fig_ 30_ - Fits of Tests of Temperature Effect on Creep by Komendant, Polivka and Pirtz (1976) [72l- CT optimized-solid line, CT with formula-dasbed line_ ~
1/ Eo optimized from basic creep data_
VOl. 11 - N° 66 - MATf:RIAUX ET CONSTRUCTIONS
0.5
/0
0.5 ./
/
./ 0
0.4 ./
/'
0.4
0.3
t': 15 days
0.3
ooot> urliaxial test
t', 180 days • ••• biaxial test
0.2 •
0.2 L.L.....1.....L..l...J....I.~1~-"---'---'--J....J...J.-L..\,;!:0--:""--'--J.......I.....L...I..J
10 100 1000
England and Ross, 1962
o
Nishi zawa and Okamura, 1970 I 1.1 lIEa =0.105· 10 6/psi
'f, = 3.012 CT20 =-0.032
0.9 llE o' 0.110' 10- o/psi 9'
I. rI =0.128 ~ :0.499
IPI = 3.234 m : 0.317 CT77 :1.063
~/.
I/) 1.0
rI = 0.147
0. 0( : 0.056 - -CT94 =1.414
....... m ,0.303
CT20= 0.0 C1'I14 =1.725
<D 0.8 oC , 0.063 /
10 CT53 : 0.698 C1126: 1.861
...- CT20 = 0.0 / 0.9 CT77 = 1.254 CTl4 if 1.997
- cT70 = 0.368 / - CT94 =1,525
C
0.7 C190 = 0.919 / CT1I4 =1.864
/
CT20 =-0.023 ~26= 1.760
':...-0 - - C T70 =0.648
P 00 0.8 Cn4o= 1.977
...... 0.6
CT90 = 0.964
-,
0.7
0.5
./' 0.6 ./
../ /'
0.4 ,.- ./
....-
0.3
....- -- t'= 28days
0.5 ~./
?'
./
0.4
10 100
0.3
McDonald,1975 /
-6
0.40 IlEa =0.086' 10 Ipsi /
'i\ =3.272 CT22 .8 =0.0 / 10 100
n = 0.147 - CT65.6 =0.431 /
/ 0.7 Johansen and Best. 1962
m : 0.305 CT22 . =-0.006 /
e 1IE.:0.225·10-61psi
0<. = 0.059 - -C 5.6 = 0.668 /
T6 '1\ =4.628 CT20=0.0
/ ~c, n ",0.120 CT12 =-0.305. 1'=45 days
/' 1:;,<,. 0.6
0.30 / ·m =0.466 -Crt-12)' -0.312
/' 0( =0.036 C'J{-2())' - O. 314 _ --6
/'
'Co -- . / <:f>
• 1.1..8 0.5 Il
.1. "'6" --<>_\'2 -- --
•• ~~~v~~'2~
CO
OO
___ ~ -r-8·!.~~-
\'.90days
o 600 psi ] 0.4 ~~--- -20
0.20 • 2400 psi 22.8·C 6- - - __ CT20 =-0.101 Crc-12l =-0.407
• 2400 psi Cr12 =-{).266 ~-W) =-0.412
0.3~--~~~~~~'0~-~~~~LLLU~
, ,.
10 100
t-t' in days
Fig. 31. - Fits of Tests of Temperature Effect on Creep by Hannant (1967) [61]. Artbanari and Yu (1967) [63], Nisbizawa and Okamura
(1970) [64], England and Ross (1962) [65], McDonald (1975) [22] and Jobansen and Best (1962) [66]. Cr and 1/ Eo botb calculated witb
formula.
430
Z. P. BAZANT - L. PANULA
O.~r---------------------------------------'----''-'
a
York. Perry. Kennedy. 1970 Do Silveira and Florentino, 1968
0.9
1Ie;.= 0.100·10.... /psi 1IE;, = 0.111 '1(j'6 /pSi
", =3.410 a 'f, = 2.9If1
n =0.153 a n = 0.122 o
m =0.303 O.B m = 0.326
~ =0.05J a 0\ =O.~
0.40 C,...= 0.003 • Cno = -0.026, t'= 28 days <> a
••
Crss=0.667 a <>
CT20 = - 0.030, 1'= 90days
0.7 <>
a •• Cno = -0.036, 1'= 365days a
CT45 = 0.445, r = 28 days
o 600 psi. ] 24"C CT4 5 = 0.509, r = 90 days
• 2400 psI
0.6 CT45 = 0.620. t' = 365 days
a 600 psi ] 65 60C
• 2400 psi .
....."
0.30
• • OOO.#'
• o 00
• 0
o
0.20
t', 90 days
a o
a
0.1 10 100
--
0
Cr46=1.023
..... O.S 0.5 Cr71 = 2.712
c-=4.
0.4
0.2
10 100 10 100
Fig, 32, - Fits of Tests of Temperature Effect on Creep by York, Kennedy and Perry (1970) [23], Da Silveira and Florentino (1968) [67].
Nasser and Neville (1965) [68], Nasser and Neville (1967) [69]. Seki and Kawasumi (1970) [70]. Zielinski and Sadowski (1973) [71].
CT and 1/ Eo both calculated with formnla.
431
VOL. 11 - N° 66 - MAT~RIAUX ET CONSTRUCTIONS
0.6
o
c
C12O=-0.020
CT4;)= 0.144
C165= 0.487
CTlI3.5=0.870
c 0.2
10 100 1000 10 100 1000 10 100 1000
0
0
0.6 0 a a
I.().~ c c
a
c
0.4 c
a
a
0.2
i ~ •
10 100 1000 10 100 1000
t- t' in days
Fig. 33. - Fits of Tests of Temperature Effect on Creep by Browne (1967) [59]. Cr and 1/ Eo both calculated with formula. Experimental
datas are smoothed mean values.
Da Silveira and Florentino's Tests of Temperature Effect Zielinski and Sadowski's Tests of Temperature Effect
on Creep (1968) [67]. - Prisms 20 x 20 x 60 cm, in copper on Creep (1973) [71]. - Cylinders 160 x 480 mm within
jackets. Heat is assumed to be applied 3 days before loading. the first 70 days stored in atmosphere 100% relative humidity
Water-cement-sand-gravel ratio 0.5: I : 2.35: 3.84. and temperature 20-23°C, then sealed with rubber coat.
Granite aggregate, modified portland cement, similar to Specimens were heated at the age of 120 days and loaded
ASTM type II. Cement content 314.6 kg/m" 8-day cube three days later. Water-cement-aggregate ratio
strength 297 kp/ cm' (29. 1 N/ mm'), 0.456 : 1 : 4.154. Sand/cement-gravel!cement ratio
Nasser and Neville'S Tests of Temperature Effect on assumed to be 1.9: 2.254. Cement ordinary Portland
Creep (1965) [68]. - Cylinders 3 x 9 iinch (76 x 235 mm), Cement type I, 450 kg/m" aggregate crushed basalt and
sealed in polypropylene jackets, stored from 24 hours river sand, max. size 20 mm. 120 day compressive cylinder
onwards in a water bath at the desired temperature and (160 x 160 mm) strength 430 kg/cm'.
loaded at age of 14 days. Water-cement ratio 0.6 and Seki and Kawasumi's Tests of Temperature Effect on
aggregate-cement ratio 7.15. Max. size of aggregate Creep (1970) [70]. - Cylinders 150 x 600 mm were cast
3/4 inch (19 mm). Aggregate was a mixture of dolomite into 0.2 mm copper jackets. Specimens loaded at room
and hornblende. Cement type III (320 kg/m'). Strength temperature (20°C) at the age of 28 and 96 days. The tempe-
5,660 psi (39 N/mm') at 14 days measured on cylinders rature 40°C was applied at the age of 28 and 97 days and
3 x 9 t inch (76 x 235 mm). Stress/ strength ratio 0.35. loaded at the age of29 and 100 days. The temperature 70°C
Nasser and Neville's Tests of Temperature Effect on was applied at the age of 27 and 104 days and specimens
Creep (1967) [69]. - Cylinders 3 x 9 -bnch (76 x 235 mm), loaded when they were 29 and 105 days old. Water-cement-
stored in water at 70°F (21°C) up to 1 week prior to appli- sand-aggregate ratio 0.4: 1: 1.761: 3.834. Normal
cation of load. Concrete 1: 7.15 mix; water-cement ratio Portland cement 343 kg/m3, fine aggregate Fuji-Gawa
0["'0.6. Max. size of dolomite and hornblende aggregate river sand, coarse aggregate from the river Ara-Kawa.
was 3/4 inch (19 mm), cement type III (320 kg/m3 ). Speci- 28-day cylinder strength 445 kp/ cm'.
mens loaded at age of 1 year and remained under water
while loaded. Mean strength at the time of load application Komendant, Polivka and Pirtz's Tests of Temperature
(determined on specimens of same size) = 7,250 psi Effect on Creep (1976) [72]. - Cylinders 6 x 16 inch
(50 N/mm'). (152 x 406 mm) sealed with butyl rubber against moisture
loss and cured at 73°F (23°C) until five days prior to the
Browne's Tests of Temperature Effect on Creep (1967) age of loading. The specimens were then heated to test
[59]. - Cylinders 6 x 12 inch (152 x 305 mm), sealed at temperatures 110 and 160°F (43 and 71°C) at a rate of
casting in 1/16 inch (1 .6 mm) polypropylene jackets, cured 24°F/day (13. 3°C/ day) and remained for 1he dW"ation of
at room temperature. Heat applied 1 day before loading. the creep test. Specimens were loaded at the age of 28,
Water-cement-sand-gravel ratio 0.42: 1 : 1.45 : 2.95. 90 and 270 days. Cement, Medusa type II. Mix A: water-
Ordinary portland cement, crushed foraminiferal1imestone, cement-sand-gravel ratio 0.381: 1 : 1.734: 2.605;
max. size 1.5 inch (38 mm). Average 6 inch (15.2 cm) 28-uay cylinder strength 6,590 psi (45.4 N/mm'). Cement
cube strength = 7,250 psi (50 N/mm'). 706 Ibs/cy (419 kg/m3). Max size of aggregate 1.5 inch.
432
O~, ~I
0.6
"', ·3.293
• O.I~I
0.61- "',
n
• 3.23~
·0.147
m ·0.303 m • 0.30~
O~I-
a ·0.066 a ·0.065
O.~
Cu •• 0.00 Cu. ·0.00
CT •• ·0.162 0.4~ CH •• 0.1~3
03
0.3
D
D
0.7
0.71· Komendanl, Polivka, Pirlz, 1976 ,pf} Komendanl, Polivka, Pirlz, 1976
D
IlEa ·0.101' 10·"/psi D IlEa ·0.101' 10·"/psi .iI
fJ 0.6
,pi
If)
a. "', • 3.293
·0.151
f} "', • 3.235
·0.147
·'f
.......
.
10
0
O.~
m
a
·0.303
·0.066
O.~ m
a
·0.305
·0.065
Cu • • 0.00 0.4 Cu • • 0.00
C 0.4 CT45 ·0.186 Cn • ·0.175
CT7' • 0.~87 C TTl • 0.5~4
... 0.3r
+-
D D a
0.2 ~
D
8
a a •
0 • 1'=90days (mix8)
J
0.1
a
DOlO
Komendanl, Polivka, Pirlz, 1976 a a Komendanl, Polivka, Pirlz, 1976
a 0
0.61-
IlEa .0.101·10·"/psi D II Eo .0.101·10·l/psi
a
~
• 3.293 o
o.H ""n • O.I~I I ,\'
.(j
O~ ·0.147 D
m ·0.303 m ·0.305
Q2~
N
:to
0.2 0 a 0
Z
8 ·0 -I
01
0.1
10 100 1000 1000 :-
"tI
t - t' in days :to
Z
~
C
w
w Fig. 34. -. Fits of Tests of Temperature Effect 00 Creep by Komeodant, Polivka and Pirtz (1976) [72]. CT and 1/ Eo both calculated with formula. ~
VOl. 11 - N° 66 - MATI:RIAUX ET CONSTRUCTIONS
Un modele de preVISion pratique des deformations qui est ['objet de la deuxieme partie de ce memoire est
du beton en fonction du temps. m. Fluage en secbage. - suivi ici par un modele de determination du fluage a
Le modele pratique de determination du fluage et du dijJerentes temperatures maintenues constantes durant
retraitexpose dans les parties I et II de ce mhnPire est Ie phenomene. Ce modele qui preserve la loi de double
.a present applique au fluage en ambiance seche et a puissance traduit deux ejJets contraires de la tempera-
temperature constante. £augmentation du fluage due ture : ['augmentation de la vitesse du fluage due a la
au sechage est reliee au retrait. On donne les formules chaleur et la diminution du fluage due a ['acceleration
pour determiner les parametres des materiaux a partir de l'hydratation par la chaleur. L'etude comprend la
de la resistance du beton et de la composition du 'melange, determination des parametres des materiaux a partir
et on les verifie par des comparaisons nombreuses avec de la composition du melange et de nombreuses compa-
les resultats d'essai publies. raisons avec les resultats d'essai indiquent une bonne
IV. Influence de Ia temperature sur Ie flUage de base. - concordance.
Le developpement d'un modele pour Ie (luage de base To be continued by Parts Vand VI.
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