Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
13.2 Objective
d
Solution: The effective acceleration of a bob in water = g = g 1 where d
D
& D are the density of water & the bob respectively.
D
= specific gravity of the bob.
d
Since the period of oscillation of the bob in air & water are given as
T= 2 & T = 2
g g
g g(1 d / D)
T/T = =
g g
d 1
= 1 = 1
D s
Putting T/T = 1/2, we obtain
1/2 = 1 – 1/s
1 1
s 2
s=2
1
Solution: E= m2 A2
2
1
E= m(2f)2 A2
2
1 2E
A=
2f m
1 2 (0.5 + 0.4)
Putting E = K + U we obtain, A = .
2 25 / 0 .2
A = 0.06 m.
Solution: V = k|x|3
dv
F= = 3k | x|2 . . . (1)
dx
The equation of simple harmonic motion is given as
x = a sin t
d2 x
m 2
= m(a2 sin t) = m2 x . . . (2)
dt
Using (I) and (ii), we obtain
3k |x|2 = m2 x = 3kx / m
m m
T = 2 T = 2
3kx 3ka sin t
1
T .
a
Problem 5: The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum of length suspended
from the roof of a vehicle which moves without friction down an
inclined plane of inclination , is given by
l l
(A) 2 (B) 2
g cos g
l l
(C) 2 (D) 2
g sin g tan
Problem 6 : A simple harmonic motion has an amplitude A & time period T. The
time required by it to travel from x =A to x = A/2 is –
(A) T/6 (B) T/4
(C) T/3 (D) T/2
Problem 8 : Two bodies M and N of equal masses are suspended from two separate
spring of the spring s constant k 1 and k2 respectively. If the two bodies
oscillate vertically such that their maximum velocities are equal, the
ratio of the amplitude of vibration of M to that on N is
k2 k2
(A) (B)
k1 k1
k1 k1
(C) (D)
2 k2
Solution : vmax1 = vmax2
1 A1 = 2 A2
k1 k2
A1 A2
m m
A1 k2
A2 k1
Problem 9 : Two blocks A and B each of mass m are connected by a massless
spring of natural length L and spring constant k. The blocks are
initially resting on a smooth horizontal floor with the spring as its
natural length, as shown in figure.
v L
C A B
A third identical block C, also of mass m moves on the floor with a
speed v along the line joining A and B collides with A, elastically, then
(A) the kinetic energy of AB system at maximum compression of the
spring is zero.
(B) The kinetic energy of the AB system at maximum of the spring is
mv 2
.
4
(C) The maximum compression of the spring is v m k .
(D) The maximum compression of the spring is v m 2k .
x0 x x
= (1 – cos 2t) = 0 – 0 cos 2t
2 2 2
Frequency ' = 2
2/T' = 2
T' = ( / )
x0
Amplitude =
2
Problem 11 : A pendulum clock that keeps correct time on the earth is taken to the
moon it will run
(A) at correct rate (B) 6 time faster
(C) 6 times faster (D) 6 times slowly
Problem 12 : A disc of radius R and mass M is pivoted at the rim and is set for small
oscillations. If simple pendulum has to have the same period as that of
the disc, the length of the simple pendulum should be
(A) (5/4) R (B) (2/3) R
(C) (3/4)R (D) (3/2) R
1
I0 mR 2 + mR 2 d=R
T = 2 = 2
mgd 2
mgR
3R
= 2 . . . (a)
2g
Tsimple pendulum = 2 . . . (b)
g
3
Equating (a) & (b), = R.
2
Problem 13 : A block of mass m compresses a k
spring of stiffness k through a
m
distance /2 as shown in the
figure. If the block is not fixed to
/2 /2
the spring, the period of motion
of the block is
m m
(A) 2 (B) ( + 4)
k k
m
(C) (1 + ) (D) none of these.
k
m
Solution : The period of oscillation = 2
k
The period of motion till the block is in contact with the spring is
T m
t = = then it leaves the spring with a speed v = A
2 k
k
v =
m 2
Then it moves with constant velocity v for a distance D = + = 2
The corresponding time of motion = t2 = 2/v
2 m
4
t2 = k k
2 m
The time period of motion = t = t1 + t2
m m m
+4 = [ + 4].
k k k
B.
(A)
4π m B
3 k k m A O
π m
(B)
2 k
A
(C)
2π m A/2
3 k
(D) None of these.
Solution : The period of motion from A to O is equal to quarter of the time period
T of oscillation of mass spring system.
T 1 m m
tAO = 2 .
4 4 k 2 k
Since the motion is simple harmonics
2
OB = OA sin tOB, where tOB is the time of motion from O to B.
T
T A/2 T T 2 m m
tOB = sin1
2 A 2 6 12 12 k 6 k
The total time of motion for a complete cycle = t = 2 (tAO + tOB)
m m 4 m
t = 2 + .
2 k 6 k 3 k
Solution : The forces that act on the block are qE and mg. Since qE & mg are
constant forces, the only variable elastic force changes by kx. Where
x is the elongation in the spring
Unbalanced (restoring) force = F = kx
m2 x = kx
k
= = T.
M
***
(Subjective Problems)
LEVEL – I
3. A cubical body (side .1 m and mass 0. 02 kg) floats in water. It is pressed and
then released so that it oscillates vertically. Find the time period. (density of
water = 1000 kg/m3).
6. A uniform rod of mass m and length is pivoted at one end. It is free to rotate in a
vertical plane. Find the time period of oscillation of rod if it is slightly displaced
from vertical and released.
7. A particle is executing SHM. A and B are the two points at which its velocity is
zero. It passes through a certain point P at intervals of 0.5 and 1.5 sec with a
speed of 3 m /s. Determine the maximum speed and also the ratio AP/PB.
k k
15. Assignment (Objective Problems)
LEVEL – I
1. A particle moves in x-y plane according to the equation r ( î + 2 ĵ )A cos t the
motion of the particle is
(A) on a straight line (B) on an ellipse
(C) periodic (D) simple harmonic
2. Which of the following quantities are always positive in a simple harmonic motion?
(A) F. a (B) v. r
(C) a. r (D) F. r
4. A small block oscillates back and forth on a smooth concave surface of radius R.
The time period of small oscillation is
R 2R
(A) T = 2 (B) T = 2
g g
R
(C) T = 2 (D) None of these
2g
8. A particle executes SHM with a frequency f. The frequency with which it's KE
oscillates is
(A) f/2 (B) f
(C) 2f (D) 4f
9. A simple pendulum has some time period T. What will be the percentage change
in its time period if its amplitudes is decreased by 5 % ?
(A) 6 % (B) 3 %
(C) 1.5 % (D) 0 %
10. The work done by the string of a simple pendulum during one complete
oscillation is equal to
(A) total energy of the pendulum (B) KE of the pendulum
(C) PE of the pendulum (D) Zero
h
2. A cylindrical piston of mass M slides smoothly M
inside a long cylinder closed at one end, enclosing P A
a certain mass of a gas.
The cylinder is kept with its axis horizontal. If the piston is slightly compressed
isothermally from its equilibrium position, it oscillates simple harmonically, the
period of oscillation will be
Mh MA
(A) T = 2 (B) T = 2
PA Ph
M
(C) T = 2 (D) T = 2 MPhA
PAh
3. The period of the free oscillations of the system shown here if
mass M1 is pulled down a little and force constant of the spring is
k and masses of the fixed pulleys are negligible, is
M1 + M2 M1 + 4M2
(A) T = 2 (B) T = 2
k k
M2 + 4M1 M2 + 3M1
(C) T = 2 (D) T = 2
k k
(C) T = 2 (D) T = 2
g {g + 12 }1 / 2
2
5. A particle moves along the X-axis according to the equation x = 10 sin 3(t). The
amplitudes and frequencies of component SHMs are
(A) amplitude 30/4, 10/4 ; frequencies 3/2, 1/2
(B) amplitude 30/4, 10/4 ; frequencies 1/2, 3/2
(C) amplitude 10, 10 ; frequencies 1/2, 1/2
(D) amplitude 30/4, 10 ; frequencies 3/2, 2
LEVEL – II
1. Equation of SHM is x = 10 sin 10t. Find the distance between the two points
where speed is 50 cm/sec. x is in cm and t is in seconds.
(A) Zero (B) 20 cm
(C) 17.32 cm (D) 8.66 cm.
5. Which of the following will have a different time period, if taken to the moon ?
(A) A simple pendulum.
(B) A spring mass system oscillating vertically in the gravitational field.
(C) A torsion pendulum.
(D) An hourglass clock, which is essentially a vessel filled with a liquid, emptying
through a hole in the bottom.
5. Which of the following will change their time period if they are taken to moon ?
(A) a simple pendulum (B) a physical pendulum
(C) a torsional pendulum (D) a spring pendulum
6. Which of the following statements are true for the oscillations of the mass suspended
with a spring?
(A) Time period varies directly as the square root of the suspended mass.
(B) A stiffer spring gives lesser time period
(C) The mass can execute oscillations in the state of weightlessness
(D) The system will have the same time period both on the moon and earth
COMPREHENSION
I. The physical pendulum is just a rigid body, of whatever P
shape, capable of oscillating about a horizontal axis
passing through it. For small oscillations the motion of a
physical pendulum is almost as easy as for a simple l C M
pendulum. Figure shows a rigid body pivoted about point L
P and displaced from equilibrium through an angle . C M
The gravitational force provides a restoring torque of
magnitude mgl sin about point P and time period is
given by
I M
T 2 S tic k
mgl
1. The period of oscillation for small angular displacement of a stick of length L pivoted
about an ends is
L 2L
(A) 2 (B) 2
2g 3g
L 3L
(C) 2 (D) 2
6g 4g
2. If the stick is pivoted about a point P, distance x from the center of mass, the period of
oscillation is
L2 + 12x 2 3L2 + 2x 2
(A) 2 (B) 2
12 gx 2gx
12L2 + x 2 2L2 + 3x 2
(C) 2 (D) 2
12gx 2gx
II. If a mass attached to a spring (massless) is pulled down twice as far, the force will be
twice as much, the resulting acceleration is twice as great, the velocity it acquires in a
given time is twice as great, the distance covered in a given time is twice as great, but it
has to cover twice as great a distance in order to get back to the origin. In a linear
equation the time pattern does not change. If there were no friction the oscillation stays
on with same amplitude. However when there exists a friction of magnitude smaller for
small oscillation and larger for larger oscillation the amplitude gets dropped by the same
fraction in every cycle.
4. When the displacement from the mean position is doubled, the quantity that will vary will
be
(A) time period only (B) velocity only
(C) acceleration only (D) both (B) and (C).
6. To solve the S.H. equation with friction, one must consider each half cycle separately
since.
(A) friction reverses its direction in each cycle
(B) the S.H. equation will not be linear
(C) friction is independent of the displacement
(D) all of these.
3. F = -Agx
6. When the rod is rotated through an angle about O, the restoring torque about
the suspension point is 0 = mg(/2).
LEVEL- II
3. The net horizontal force acting on the rod is given as f1 and f2 will not be equal
F = f1 – f2 = (N1 – N2)
4. When the block is pushed in by a distance x in the liquid, the net force acting on
the M and m system is
F = LAg + mg – kx – A(h0 + x) g
5. Initially the cylinder is just touching the liquid of density 2. When the cylinder is
dipped by a distance x1 further,
F = mg – x1 A2 g - 1 A1 g
1. 10 cm.
1
2. (a) x = 10 sin (120 t + /6) (b) /6, 10 cm, sec.
60
6m 2l
5. 2 6. 2
5k 3g
2 1
7. 3 2 m/sec ;
2 + 1
L L
8. (a) T1 = 2 (b) [ + 2 sin1 / ]
g g
3M mkx m(M + m)
9. 2 10. (a) (b)
2k m+M Mk
LEVEL –II
2(k1 + 4k 2 )
1. 0.8 sec 2.
3m
m + LA
3. 2 4. T 2
μg k + Ag
4k 1k 3 + k 1k 2 + 4k 2k 3
5. + 6.
1g 2g 4k 3 + k 2 m
2Y
7. (a) 0.785 sec (b) no oscillation. 8.
3ml
k mM
9. where mred =
mred cos + m sin2
2
m+M
2ka 2 g
10.
mb 2 b
18. Answers to the Objective Assignment
LEVEL –I
1. (A) 2. (A)
3. (A) 4. (A)
5. (B) 6. (B)
7. (C) 8. (C)
9. (D) 10. (D)
11. (D) 12. (A)
13. (C) 14. (A)
15. (B) 16. (B)
17. (A) 18. (C)
19. (C) 20. (C)
LEVEL –II
COMPREHENSION
1. (B) 2. (A)
3. (A) 4. (D)
5. (D) 6. (D)
1. (A) – (q), (r); (B) – (p), (s); (C) – (q), (r); (D) – (q), (r)