summary

1. REFERENCE STANDARDS ........................................................................................................................... 2

2. MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 2
3. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE ..................................................................................................................... 2
4. WIND LOAD CALCULATION ....................................................................................................................... 3
4.1. WIND PRESSURE CALCULATION IN AGREEMENT WITH BS EN 1991-1-4:2005 ............................... 3
4.2. FORCE COEFFICIENT FOR LATTICE STRUCTURES AND SCAFFOLDING ............................................. 3
4.3. SHELTER FACTOR S ......................................................................................................................... 4
4.4. WIND LOAD ON ELEMENTS .............................................................................................................. 5
5. OTHERS LOAD ON ELEMENTS .................................................................................................................. 8
6. LOAD COMBINATIONS .............................................................................................................................. 9
7. RESULTS AND CHECKS ............................................................................................................................. 10
7.1. REACTION LOADS ............................................................................................................................ 10
7.2. STRESS ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................ 13
8. FINAL COSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 14
 2

1. REFERENCE STANDARDS
EUROCODE 1: ACTION ON STRUCTURES

EUROCODE 1/4 WIND ACTIONS

EUROCODE 9: DESIGN OF ALLUMINIUM STRUCTURES

EUROCODE 3: DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES

2. MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
 Aluminium structures EN AW-6005-T6
Density = 2.7 KN/mc
E modulus of elasticity = 70000 N/mmq
f0.2 characteristic value of 0.2% proof strength = 200 N/mmq
fu characteristic value of ultimate strength = 250 N/mmq
 Steel Props S235 JR
Density = 7.85 KN/mc
E modulus of elasticity = 200000 N/mmq
fy characteristic value of yield strength = 235 N/mmq
fu characteristic value of ultimate strength = 360 N/mmq

 Concrete
Density of fresh concrete = 2.50 KN/mc

3. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE

In the following pages , is shown a calculation check for Alu-Up tower system, for
supporting the cast phases for a bridge.
The fundamental hypothesis, is that in the middle high, must by arranged a
bracing system made by steel pipe that connect all the towers horizontally each
other’s, in this way all system is than connected to concrete piers.
For simplicity it will analyse the typical frame, the presence of the brace is inserted
into the model in the form of the half-height constraints.
 3

4. WIND LOAD CALCULATION

4.1. WIND PRESSURE CALCULATION IN AGREEMENT WITH BS EN 1991-1-4:2005

Vb= 30 m/sec basic wind velocity

Terrain cat.= I

Zo= 0,010 roughness length

Zmin= 1,0 roughness length in meter

Kr= 0,170 terrain factor

Co= 1 orography factor

qb= 551,3 N/mq basic velocity pressure Vb=1/2xVb^2

h= 6 m building height h<b

b= 50 m width of the structure

(the length of the surface perpendicular to wind)
Ze= 6,00 m max reference height of the structure

Kl= 1 turbulence factor

qp(Ze)= 1361,37 N/mq Peak velocity pressure ze= 6,0 m

4.2. FORCE COEFFICIENT FOR LATTICE STRUCTURES AND SCAFFOLDING

 4

Ac=1.6m×5m=8m²
A=0.11m×5m×2+0.04m×1.5mx2+0.55m×0.04m×2+1m×0.04m=1.30m²

=A/Ac=0.162---------------Cfo=1.7 =1

Cf=1.7

Wind pressure=1.7x1.36kN/mq=2.31kN/mq

4.3. SHELTER FACTOR S

 5

If the ratio x/h is less than 5 S=0.3

4.4. WIND LOAD ON ELEMENTS

Alu up columns 1 2.71kN/mqx0.12 =0.32kN/m

Alu up columns 2 2.71kN/mqx0.12x0.3 =0.09kN/m

Alu up columns 3 2.71kN/mqx0.12x0.1 =0.03kN/m

Bracing columns 1 2.71kN/mqx0.04 =0.11kN/m

Bracing columns 2 2.71kN/mqx0.04x0.3 =0.03kN/m

Bracing columns 3 2.71kN/mqx0.04x0.1 =0.01kN/m

Formwork 2.71kN/mqx2.77mx2.54mx1.2 =22.88kN

 6

Wind load from upper formworks (on typical frame)

Wind on Alu Up and trestle (on typical frame)

 7

It’s very important the horizontal connection with a pipe 48.3 from one tower to the other and to the pier.

Pipe 48.3mm for horizontal bracing

 8

5. OTHERS LOAD ON ELEMENTS

Dead load (on typical frame)

Concrete load (on typical frame)

 9

Live load (on typical frame)

6. LOAD COMBINATIONS
 10

7. RESULTS AND CHECKS

7.1. REACTION LOADS

MAX vertical ULS reaction on load combination nr°1 59.55 kN

MAX vertical SLS reaction on load combination nr°3 42.21 kN

 11

MAX horizontal ULS reaction on load combination nr°1 3.97 kN

MAX horizontal SLS reaction on load combination nr°3 2.64kN

 12

MIN horizontal ULS reaction on load combination nr°2 4.08kN

MIN horizontal SLS reaction on load combination nr°4 2.74kN

 13

7.2. STRESS ANALYSIS

Alu Up Max ULS total stress on load combination nr°1

91323kPa=91.30N/mmq<200N/mmq/1.1=182N/mmq

Alu Bracing Max ULS total stress on load combination nr°1

49854kPa=49.85N/mmq<235N/mmq/1.1=213N/mmq
 14

8. FINAL COSIDERATIONS
The structure constituted by the Alu up props has the necessary strength to support
the vertical design loads. However it must be taken into account that a horizontal
bracing plane must be ensured which connects all the towers, and which connects
to the piles of the bridge. This in order to guarantee the necessary stability respect
wind loads, especially when the vertical load is minimal.