Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Fitra Dani, Dwi Laura Pramita, Indah Zuliarti & Yohana Siregar
Kelompok 8 Kelas C Labtek II
4.5-5. Cooling and Overall U. Oil flowing at the rate of 7258 kg/h with a cpm
2.01 kJ/kg K is cooled from 394.3 K to 338.9 K in a counterflow heat exchanger
by water entering at 294.3 K and leaving at 305.4 K. Calculate the flow rate of the
water and the overall Ui if the Ai is 5.11 m2.
Solution
Assume cpm water is 4.187 kJ/kg K.
Heat balance
Qoil = Qwater
(m cpm ΔT)oil = (m cpm ΔT)water
7258 . 2.01 . (394.3-338.9) = m . 4.187 . (305.4-294.3)
m = 17389 kg/h
LMTD
Hot fluid (K) Cold fluid (K) Difference
394.3 Higher temperature 305.4 88.9
338.9 Lower temperature 294.3 44.6
88.9 44.6
ΔTm = 64.22
ln (88.9/44.6)
Q = Ui Ai ΔTm
1000
808207.332 . = Ui 5.11 . 64.22
3600
Ui = 684 W/m2 K
4.5-6. Laminar Flow and Heating of Oil. A hydrocarbon oil having the same
physical properties as the oil in Example 4.5-5 enters at 1750F inside a pipe
having an inside diameter of 0.0303 ft and a length of 15 ft. The inside pipe
surface temperature is constant at 3250F. The oil is to be heated to 2500F in the
pipe. How many lbm/h oil can be heated?
Solution
From Example 4.5-5, properties of the oil are cpm 0.5 btu/lbm 0F and km 0.083
btu/h ft 0F. The viscosity of oil varies with temperature as follows: 1500F, 6.50 cp;
2000F, 5.05 cp; 2500F, 3.80 cp; 3000F, 2.82 cp; 3500F, 1.95 cp.
The bulk mean temperature of the oil is (175+250)/2 or 212.50F. The viscosity at
212.50F is 4.7375 cp (with interpolation) and at 3250F is 2.385 cp (with
interpolation). Assume flow rate 84.2 lbm/h.
μ b = 4.7375 . 2.4191 = 11.46 lbm/ft h
μ w = 2.385 . 2.4191 = 5.77 lbm/ft h
The cross section area of the pipe A is
πD 2 π(0.0303) 2
A 0.000722 ft2
4 4
m 84.2
G= = = 116620 lbm/ft2 h
A 0.000722
Dvρ DG 0.0303. 116620
NRe = = = 308.34
μ μ 11.46
cp 0.5 11.46
NPr = = = 69
k 0.083
Since Reynold number below 2100, so Eq. (4.5-4) will be used.
ha D D μb
= 1.86 (NRe NPr )1/3 ( ) 0.14
k L μw
ha 0.0303 0.0303 1/3 11.46 0.14
= 1.86 (308.34 . 69 ) ( )
0.083 15 5.77
ha = 19.6 btu/h ft2 0F
Heat balance
Q = m cpm ΔT = 84.2 . 0.5 . (250-175) = 3157.5 btu/h
(Tw-Tbi)+(Tw-Tbo) (325-175)+(325-250)
ΔTa = = = 112.5
2 2
Q = ha A ΔTa = 19.6 . π . 0.0303 . 15 . 112.5 = 3148.42 btu/h
Both Q are same, so assume is correct, m = 84.2 lbm/h.
4.3-3. Heat Loss Through Thermopane Double Window. A double window
called thermopane is one in which two layers of glass are used separated by a
layer of dry stagnant air. In a given window, each of the glass layers is 6.35 mm
thick separated by a 6.35 mm space of stagnant air. The thermal conductivity of
the glass is 0.869 W/m K and that of air is 0.026 over the temperature range used.
For a temperature drop of 27.8 K over the system, calculate the heat loss for a
window 0.914 m x 1.83 m.
Solution
ΔT = 27.8 K
T
q=
R1 R 2 R3
Δx 0.00635
R1= = 0.004368
k A 0.869 . 0.914 . 1.83
Δx 0.00635
R2= = 0.146
k A 0.026 . 0.914 . 1.83
Δx 0.00635
R3= = 0.004368
k A 0.869 . 0.914 . 1.83
27.8
q= =179.66 W
0.155
4.4-3. Heat Loss from a Buried Pipe. A water pipe whose wall temperature is
300 K has diameter of 150 mm and a length of 10 m. It is buried horizontally in
the ground at a depth of 0.4 m measured to the center line of pipe. The ground
surface temperature is 280 K and k 0.85 W/m K. Calculate the loss of heat from
the pipe.
Solution
From Table 4.4-1
q = kS (T-T0)
2 L 2 10
S= = =26.54
ln (2H/r1) ln (2 . 0.4/0.075)
q = 0.85 . 26.54 . (300-280) = 451.24 W
4.5-1. Heating Air by Condensing Steam. Air is flowing through a tube having
an inside diameter of 38.1 mm at a velocity of 6.71 m/s, average temperature of
449.9 K and pressure of 138 kPa. The inside wall temperature is held constant at
477.6 K by steam condensing outside the tube wall. Calculate the heat transfer
coefficient for a long tube and the heat transfer flux.
Solution
1 138 273.2
ρ=28.97 1.068 kg/m3
22.414 101.33 449.9
From Appendix A.3
μ b = 0.000025 kg/m s
μ w = 0.000026 kg/m s
k = 0.03721 W/m K
NPr = 0.687
NRe = 10921 (Turbulen)
hD 1
b
=0.027 NRe 0.8 NPr 3 ( ) 0.14
k w
h = 39.35 W/m2 K
4.6-2. Chilling Frozen Meat. Cold water at -28.90C and 1 atm is recirculated at a
velocity of 0.61 m/s over the exposed top flat surface of a piece of frozen meat.
The sides and bottom of this rectangular slab of meat are insulated and the top
surface is 254 mm by 254 mm square. If the surface of the meat is at -6.70C,
predict the average heat transfer coefficient to the surface. As an approximation
assume that either Eq. (4.6-2) can be used.
Solution
T average = -17.80C
From Appendix A.3
k = 0.0225 W/m K
NPr = 0.72
μ b = 0.0000162 kg/m s
ρ = 1.379 kg/m3
NRe = 13189 (Turbulen)
1
hL
=0.664 NRe0.5 NPr 3
k
h = 6.05 W/m2 K
Jawab:
= 0 0125 =0 010416666667 f
=02 =0 0166666666 f
=2 =2 3 14) 1) 0 010416)
=2 =2 3 14) 1) 0 0166)
K = 7 75+7 78.
⁄
4.2-5. Temperature Distribution in Hollow Sphere.
=4
∫ ∫
⁄ ⁄
=2 =2 3 14) 3 280839895)
=2 =2 3 14) 3 280839895)
=2 =2 3 14) 3 280839895)
∑
4.5-8 Heat Transfer with a Liquid Metal
Diket:
⁄
=1490 W
A= m
4.1-1 Insulation in a cold Room. Calculate the heat loss per m2 of surface area
for a temporary insulating wall of a food cold storage room where the
outside temperature is 299,90 K and the inside temperature 276,50 K. The
wall is composed of 25,4 mm of corkboard having k of 0,0433 W/mK
Penyelesaian :
Dik : T2 = 299,9 0K
T1 = 276,5 0K
X2-X1 = 0,0254 m
K = 0,0433 w/m K
Dit : q/A = ?
= -39,9 W
K =
= 0,0577 W/m K
4.3-1 Insulation needed for Food Cold Storage Room. A food cold storage
room is to be constructed of an inner layer of 19,1 mm of pine wood, a
middle layer of cork board, and an outer layer of 50,8 mm of concrete.
The inside wall surface temperature is-17,8 0C and the outside surface
0
temperature is 29,4 C. At the outer concrete surface. The mean
conductivities are for pine, 0,151 ; cork, 0,0433; and concrete, 0,762 W/m
K. The total inside surface area of the roomto use in the calculation is
approximately 39 m2. What thickness of cork board is needed to keep the
heat loss to 586 W???
Penyelesaian :
Dik :
T1 = -17,8 0C
T4 = 29,4 0C
kA = 0,151
kB = 0,0433
kC = 0,762
q = 586 W
A = 39 m2
Jawab :
RA = = = 3,243335031 X
RC = = 1,7049401709 X
Q =
-RA + RB + RC =
= 0,08054607509
RB = 0,07559333835
XB = 0,07559333835 (0,0433 X 39)
= 0,1276544705 m
4.3-2 Insulation of a Furnace. A wall of furnace 0,244 m thick is constructed of
material having a thermal conductivity of 1,30 W/m K. The wall will be
insulated on the outside wiht the material having an average k of 0,346
W/m K, so the heat loss from the furnace will be equal to or less than 1830
W/m2. The inner surface temperature is 1588 K and the outer 299 K.
Calculated the thickness of insulation required.
Penyelesaian :
Dik :
kA = 1,3
kB = 0,346
q = 1830
T1 = 1588
T2 = 299
Dit : x = ??
Jawab :
RA = = = 0,1876923077
Q =
RA + RB = 0,7043715847
RB = 0,516679277
XB = 0,1787710298 m
4.5-8 Heat transfer with a Liquid metal. The liquid metal bismuth at a flow
rate of 2.00 kg/s enters a tube having an inside diameter of 35 mm at 425
0C and is heated to 430 0C in the tube. The tube wall is maintained at a
temperature of 25 0C above the liquid bulk temperature. Calculated the
tube length require. The physical properties are as follows (H1) ; k = 15,6
W/m K. K, cp = 149 J/kg K,
Peneyelesaian :
Dik : m = 2 kg/s
ID = 35 mm
K = 15,6 W/m K
Cp = 149 J/kg K
T1 = 4250C
T2 = 430 0C
Tw = 25 0C
Dit : L = ?
Jawab :
A = = 9,61625 x 10-4 m2
G =
Nre = = 54323,4691
Npr = = 0,012798795
hL = (k ( 0,625) )/D
= 3817,667996 W/m2 K
Q = m cp = 2 (149) (5) = 1490 W
= 3817,667996 (25)
= 95441,6999
A =
A = 0,0156116247 =
L = 0,142053 m
4.6-1 Heat transfer from a Flat palte. Air at a pressure of 101,3 kpa and a
temperature of 188,8 k is flowing over a thin, smooth falt plate at 3,05
m/s. The plate length in teh direction of flow is 0,305 m and is at 333,2 K.
Calculated the heat transfer coeffisient assuming laminar flow.
Penyelesaian :
Dik : Tw = 288,8 K
Tb = 333,2 K
L = 0,305 m
V = 3,05 m/s
Tf =
= 311 K = 37,85 0C
K = 0,027 W/m K
Npr = 0,705
Cp = 1,0048 kj/kg K
Dit : h = ?
Jawab
Nre x L = = = 55668,11842
= = 0,664 (
h = 12,34331032 W/m2
Tf = = 345,7 0K
K = 0,0297232852 W/mK
Npr = 0,7000072202
Jawab :
NGR = =
= 5255325707
NGR. NpR = (5255325707) (0,7000072202) = 3678765939 =
3,6 x 10 9
L3 (0,9)3 (102,8) = 74,9412
H = 1,37 ( ) = ( )
Maka :
A = ( ) + ( ) + 3,14 (0,1219)(0,0762)
= 0,04083156305 m2
Q = hA (Tw-Tb)
= 18,799545 W