SLUDGE MANAGEMENT

Recent Advancements in Wastewater Sludge Composting

Many utility providers face growing problems with the disposal of the wastewater sludges
(residuals) that are created as part of the wastewater treatment process. Other providers
are
looking to additional methods for converting the residuals into fertilizer/soil conditioner
with a
higher economic and social value. The new technology presents a composting method to
address
the disposal and/or use of wastewater residuals. By maintaining the recommendations a
Class A
biosolid can be produced. This Class A biosolid provides the utility operator the maximum
flexibility for its disposal or use as a fertilizer, soil conditioner, etc.
Composting of wastewater residual is a bio-thermal aerobic process that decomposes the
organic portion of the residuals. The composting process reduces the organic material in
the residual by approximately 25-40 percent. During composting the heat generated by
the decomposition of the organic portion of the residuals reduces the moisture content of
the residual, stabilizes it and
renders the residual harmless by transforming it into a usable biosolid.
Organic Content
In general, the higher the residual’s organic content, the greater the quantity of heat
released during composting. More heat results in the thermophilic phase (55 to 65° C)
being reached
earlier in the composting process. This greater heat release results in more moisture being
evaporated. Raw residual typically contains 60 + percent organic material, while digested
residual contains 0 percent organic material.

Usual methods
Since raw residual (from primary clarifiers and secondary clarifiers) contains more organic
material than digested residual, it is reasonable to prepare compost from dewatered raw
residual. By utilizing raw residual the digesters, pipe, pumps, electrical power, personnel,
etc., normally used in the digesting process can be reduced or eliminated.
The heat generated by composting 1.0 kilogram (kg) of organic material averages 21
Million Joule (Mjoule). Approximately 4.0 Mjoule of heat will evaporate 1.0 kg of moisture
(taking into account heat losses and heating of the compost material). Thus, the
composting of 1.0 kg of organic
material facilitates the removal of approximately 5.0 kg of moisture from the residual. [21
Mjoule / (4 Mjoule/kg of water)].
Before composting, it is necessary to dewater the residual. Dewatering not only reduces
the
 volume of the residual but also decreases the amount of moisture to be evaporated by
the composting process.
Odor
A problem with composting raw residual is the higher intensity odor that can be released
due to
the higher percentage of organic material in the raw residual.
Compost Process Control
Experiments show that the type and population of microorganisms varies during the
composting process. Therefore, it is critical to control the composting environment so that
the microorganisms can flourish. The composting environment parameters include the
compost pile temperature, moisture content of the compost, oxygen and carbon dioxide
levels in the compost pile and the availability of nutrients including carbon, nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium for the microorganisms. These parameters must be monitored
as they affect the vitality of the microorganisms.
The temperature in the compost pile most directly affects the type of microorganisms and
their functions. The type of microorganisms change as the compost pile temperature
increases from its initial temperature to the mesophilic phase to the thermophilic phases
and to the slow decrease in temperature following to completion of the composting
process. Experiments show that the thermophilic phase must be maintained for 7 to 18
days to produce a Class A biosolid. It is during the thermophilic phase that most
pathogens are destroyed. As the type of microorganisms changes in relation to the
compost pile temperature, so does their requirements for moisture and oxygen. The
moisture content of the compost, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the compost pile
and compost pile temperature is closely related to one another. A change in one directly
affects the others.
Oxygen is supplied to the compost pile by the introduction of air. The rate of air supplied
depends on the moisture content of the compost pile. The higher the moisture content the
higher rate of air is required. A minimum oxygen level must be maintained while carbon
dioxide levels must not be allowed to exceed a maximum level. As air is supplied, the
porosity of the pile increases. That process leads to increased evaporation and a resultant
decrease in the moisture content of the pile. Supplying air also can lead to heat losses
that result in a temperature reduction within the compost pile. This temperature reduction
results in a lower rate of microorganism functions. Therefore, the oxygen and carbon
dioxide levels and the amount of air supplied must be monitored and controlled.
Experiments indicate the rate of air supplied is approximately 15 to 20 cubic meters per
hour for each ton of organic material being composted. Monitors and controllers should be
used to automatically supply air to the pile when the carbon dioxide level within the pile
reaches 8 percent.

USUAL METHODS
It takes several weeks to reach the thermophilic temperature . Maintaining that
temperature provides the highest level of pathogen reduction/vector control and
produces a compost .
Lots of manual labor required constant monitoring lots of area required to store cycle time
may
vary maximum upto 8 to 12 weeks

Conclusion OUR ADVANTAGE

The organic SLUDGE are being composted in the Environmental Recycling systems
and would be converted in Fertilizer / Refused Derived Fuel and the details of the
same are provided hereunder:
THE ADVANCED SOLUTION:
DIGESTION OF ORGANIC sludge AT FASTEST RATE BY ADOPTING ADVANCED &
SUITABLE
TECHNOLOGIES IS THE ONLY HOLISTIC SOLUTION
We at JDR ECOCLEAN I LTD with the help of our principals are offering
you a breakthrough technology.
Our equipment ERS has the lowest cycle time of converting Municipal Organic
SLUDGE into fertilizer / Refused derived Fuel within a day.
The process is totally environment friendly simple.
Fully enclosed system of operation.
Simple automated integrated tailor made hopper system.
No Odour.
Single button operation.
Space saving design
Less labor requirement.
No regular re purchase of micro organisms needed.
Capacity processing capacity on a 20 hour basis + or - 5%.
The Organic sludge approximately 8 tonnes per cycle which are sorted in the secondary
stage is fed into the conveyor of ERS Mechanism for processing the Organic
waste.

THE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY - DRYING AND FERMENTATION PROCESS TYPE.

The segregated domestic waste is fed to the main shredding and crushing chamber
of ERS where the particulate size would be reduced to the minimum.
Specialized Jumbo Microorganisms would be introduced in this chamber so that the
digestion of compounds are achieved within a cycle of 3 hours maximum.
The technology adopted is a Low pressure vacuum drying fermentation system
combined
with the Indigenous Microorganisms for fast treatment of Organic waste into
fertilizer /soil conditioner refused derived fuel.
The systems are designed to maintain the temperature and moisture contents to
enable Microorganisms to multiply at a faster rate.
Control of the pressure and temperature – 50 – 70 degree C* provides the most
ideal condition for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms.
It also enhances Exponential multiplication of microorganisms.
Accelerates Fermentation process to be completed within the cycle.
ADVANTAGES:
• Use of patented indigenous Microorganisms.
• 3 Types of symbiotic patented microorganisms are used for processing.
• Aerobic Microorganisms can survive in high temperature but not the protozoans.
• Extreme condition in machine creates new Microorganism spores that would survive
• in another extreme condition. No purchase of Microorganisms necessary.
• Use of Specific Indigenous Microorganisms for different materials.
• Allow specific or fixed Microorganisms to be multiplied.
• Different amount of moisture contents in different materials does not affect
• the operation of the machine.
• Automatic controls of the moisture contents enable specific Microorganisms to
• survive and multiply.
• No waste water treatment facility.
• Wastewater evaporated for use in cooling tower along with Scrubber mechanism.
• The wastewater in cooling tower is recycled in the machine.
• Automatic control system
• One – Push control Button.
• Treatment according to the types of the materials or contents.
• Easy maintenance.
• Visual check.
• Easy cleaning of individual parts.
• Easy to change vacuum seal.

SLUDGE will be processed into usable Organic manure / RDF which

can be alternatively used along with coal and can be used in thermal plants,
cement factories etc.
Output from our machine after processing SLUDGE MSW (GARBAGE)
A great mission .
Human being has always tried to set his own order in regulating every form of
life on the earth. He viewed every natural resource from the point of his
immediate benefit. He nurtured animals and plants that he found useful and
destroyed or uncared the ones that he found not useful. In the process, he
disturbed the balance of nature so much that now he realizes his folly for
setting a wrong trend in transferring his legacy to his future generations. This
realization is coming fast across the entire human race all over the world. In
agriculture, the greatest transformation came with the discovery of chemical
fertilizers in early 1900s, which changed the whole concept of plant nutrition.
The use of synthetically produced plant nutrients, principally nitrogen,
phosphorous and potash became a practice and a slogan in crop production and
they have undoubtedly contributed much to increasing our crop yields for over 50
years. However, over reliance on chemical fertilizers has created many unforeseen
environmental and economical problems all over the world including India. The
developed countries realized their mistakes long back and mended their ways of
improving crop productivity balancing the use of chemical fertilizers and products
of organic wastes and their recycling to achieve maximum use efficiency and
economy in use of every natural resource that goes in production of synthetic
fertilizers and crop production. However, developing countries including India
are yet to take a serious note of this. Major concerns of long- term sustainability
in crop production and productivity has taken a back seat. A treadmill has set in
for use of more and more fertilizers and this has now reduced crop productivity
in relation to increased cost of cultivation. Lands in many situations have degraded
and lost their fertility, food and water contaminated and environment polluted. Human
and environmental health all over the world is affected and managing it is very costly.
It is with this concern for developing agricultural practices and systems that can
effectively address the immediate issue of introducing and element of sustainability in
Indian Agriculture, that this Division has taken up as a challenge and as its mission.
JDR output of biodynamic premium organic fertilizer products (NITROGEN RICH)
and processes for dealing with Environment & Biotech problems encompassing
municipal solid waste, putrescible wastes from the agriculture, horticulture and
aquaculture industries, sewage sludge, industrial waste streams and contamination
of soils and waters by hydrocarbons and other organic compounds. Its activities
include sanitization, bio-conversion, bio-remediation and bio- augmentation.

INPUT ORGANIC SLUDGE ----0UTPUT -PREMIUM ORGANIC FERTILIZER/SOIL

CONDITIONER/RDF (calorific content may vary)