Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Global experience
The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers has access to a wealth of technical
knowledge and experience with its members operating around the world in many different
terrains. We collate and distil this valuable knowledge for the industry to use as guidelines
for good practice by individual members.
Our overall aim is to ensure a consistent approach to training, management and best prac-
tice throughout the world.
The oil & gas exploration & production industry recognises the need to develop consist-
ent databases and records in certain fields. The OGP’s members are encouraged to use the
guidelines as a starting point for their operations or to supplement their own policies and
regulations which may apply locally.
Many of our guidelines have been recognised and used by international authorities and
safety and environmental bodies. Requests come from governments and non-government
organisations around the world as well as from non-member companies.
Disclaimer
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publica-
tion, neither the OGP nor any of its members past present or future warrants its accuracy or will, regard-
less of its or their negligence, assume liability for any foreseeable or unforeseeable use made thereof, which
liability is hereby excluded. Consequently, such use is at the recipient’s own risk on the basis that any use
by the recipient constitutes agreement to the terms of this disclaimer. The recipient is obliged to inform
any subsequent recipient of such terms.
This document may provide guidance supplemental to the requirements of local legislation. Nothing
herein, however, is intended to replace, amend, supersede or otherwise depart from such requirements. In
the event of any conflict or contradiction between the provisions of this document and local legislation,
applicable laws shall prevail.
Copyright notice
The contents of these pages are © The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers. Permission
is given to reproduce this report in whole or in part provided (i) that the copyright of OGP and (ii) the
source are acknowledged. All other rights are reserved.” Any other use requires the prior written
permission of the OGP.
These Terms and Conditions shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of England
and Wales. Disputes arising here from shall be exclusively subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of
England and Wales.
Benchmarking on the use of internal technical
specifications and external standards by
some oil & gas companies
Report No: 450
February 2011
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
Table of contents
1- Summary 1
1.1 Definitions...........................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Abbreviations.......................................................................................................................................1
2 - Introduction 2
3 - Company specifications 3
3.1 Basis for specifications.........................................................................................................................5
3.2 Revision frequency and derogations.....................................................................................................6
3.3 In summary.........................................................................................................................................7
4 - External standards 8
4.1 Responsibility for maintenance of standards......................................................................................10
4.2 Participation in standards work.........................................................................................................10
4.3 Benefits of international standards.....................................................................................................10
4.4 Improvements....................................................................................................................................12
4.5 In summary.......................................................................................................................................12
5 - Standards used in Europe in 1994 13
6 - Comparison of standards 14
7 - Conclusion 15
Annex 1 - Standards referenced by oil companies 16
Annex 2 - ISO/TC67 Standards referenced 19
iv ©OGP
Benchmarking on the use of internal technical specifications and external standards by some oil & gas companies
1 - Summary
The OGP Standards Committee launched a benchmarking survey in 2008 on company specifications and
external standards (see Definitions below) within the OGP membership. Eighteen (18) replies were received
from companies covering around 1/3 of global oil & gas production.
These companies hold portfolios containing a significantly different number of company specifications.
Some manage with a few, while two companies in this survey have more than 2,000 company specifications.
On average these companies have 816 specifications and the number appears to be growing. It goes without
saying that large numbers of specifications take a lot of company resources to maintain in order to keep
them current and still useful.
Large groups of company specifications for mechanical equipment (including rotating machinery, tanks
& vessels, piping and valves), maintenance and inspection, electrical, instrumentation, HSE and process
disciplines may suggest lack of, or inappropriate level of, external standards in these areas. The companies
generally seem to involve more people in their own specifications writing than in the work of external stand-
ardisation.
Overall, there are a lot of references quoting external standards in company specifications. In total 5,237
different standards titles have been recorded from eight (8) of the respondents providing their reference lists.
These standards come from as many as 132 different standards making organisations such as ASTM, ISO,
IEC, API, ASME, BSI, CEN, DIN, AFNOR and others.
This benchmarking survey shows that there is a large difference in operating companies’ participation in
external standardisation work. Despite the affirmations of a great interest for international standardisation
and potential benefits, many of the companies are not deeply involved in the works of external standards
organisations. Some majors carry a heavy burden, while other operating companies are happy to make use of
the standards and harvest their benefits, but they are not present at all in the standards development process.
Note that this report covers only certain aspects of the results and full details of the responses are only avail-
able to the participating OGP membership.
1.1 Definitions
For the purpose of this report, the following definitions have been provided:
External standards: International, regional, national and industry standards, established by consen-
sus and approved by a recognized body (e.g. ISO, CEN, ANSI, BSI, NEN, API, EFC), that provides, for
common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the
achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.
Company specifications: Internal company technical specifications, internal company standards, design
and engineering practices, etc. prepared by the company itself for its own repeated use.
1.2 Abbreviations
PNGI Petroleum & Natural Gas Industries
PPGNI Petroleum, Petrochemical & Natural Gas Industries
For remaining abbreviations, see Annex 1.
©OGP 1
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
2 - Introduction
Upstream,
downstream
& chemicals - 17%
Upstream only - 55%
Upstream &
downstream
- 17%
Figure 2 - Segments
considered by companies
2 ©OGP
Benchmarking on the use of internal technical specifications and external standards by some oil & gas companies
3 - Company specifications
The same set of company specifications is commonly shared by the different industry segments (upstream,
downstream, chemicals) in 44% of the companies (7 of 16 respondents to this question). When this is not
the case, each industry segment is fully independent to produce and manage its own set of company speci-
fications.
89% (16 of 18) of the companies have a steering committee to manage their strategy (annual plans, budgets
etc). Only one of the major companies doesn’t have a steering committee.
For the technical specifications each company has its own document structure and this makes comparison
difficult. There are large variations in how the respondents name the detailed categories of documents, such
as:
• Group Practice, Group Instruction for Supply, Guidance Note, Reference documents;
• Standards & manuals, forms & drawings;
• Upstream Engineering Standards;
• Group Guidelines, Global Operative Regulation, Local Operative Regulation, Technology-related
Documentation, Manuals;
• General Specifications for New Equipment/Pipelines/Facilities and General Construction
• Standards, Technical Specs, Instructions;
• Specifications, Technical Standards, Guidelines, Procedures, Recommended Practice Philosophy,
Manuals;
• Policy, Norm, Procedure, Specification, Manual, Guide;
• Engineering Standards, Materials Systems Specifications, Engineering Procedures, Standard
Drawings, Best Practices, Inspection Procedures, Technical Alerts;
• Manual, Technical Specification, Procedural Specification, Notes, Requisition, Standard Form,
Standard Drawings and Requisitions;
• Function Requirement, Technical Requirements Global and Local, Working Requirements Global
and Local, Guideline Global and Local;
• Directives, Company Rules, General Specifications, Know-how Guidebooks and Manuals;
• Front End Engineering Design Specifications; and
• Procedure, Specification, Standardisation, Test Method, Terminology, Symbology, Classification.
Whether the documents are mandatory or not also varies greatly between companies, from none to all. In
some companies mandatory items are specified inside the document itself.
Specifications num ber of docum ents average num ber of page Pages
4500 60
4000
50
3500
3000 40
2500
30
2000
1500 20
1000
10
500
0 0
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
©OGP 3
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
The documents that were not considered to fit the definition of company specifications such as forms,
drawings, instructions etc. were removed from the information to be examined hereafter. The remaining
number of specifications and the average number of page by specification are shown in the Fig. 3. Sixteen
(16) answers for the number of specifications were provided, and ten (10) answers for the number of pages.
As can be seen, there are very large variations in number of specifications and average page numbers from
one company to another. Some make it with very few, while others have large libraries of specifications.
The largest library from Company “N” represents more than 40,000 pages of technical specifications.
Considering all the replies, the average number of specifications stands at 816 documents and the average
number of pages is 24.5. It goes without saying that large numbers of specifications take a lot of company
resources to maintain in order to keep them current and still useful for projects and operations.
Since this benchmarking survey was recorded, three of the participating companies with large portfolios of
specifications have started in-house projects to consolidate and reduce the number of specifications. One
of these companies has the aim of ending up with about 200 company specifications for global application.
120
100
80
60
40
20
Here only the average numbers are given, but the data received also revealed great differences between the
responding companies from 0 – 1.185 specifications for one discipline (maintenance & inspection) and
1.500 specifications for another disciplines (piping & valves).
The disciplines had been predefined in the questionnaire and this did not always match with the responses,
so some of the specifications were put in the “Others” category as they could not be split or did not fall
within a predefined category.
Many disciplines are covered with a great number of specifications and the following have more than ~ 40
in average:
• Mechanical including rotating equipment, tanks & vessels (106);
4 ©OGP
Benchmarking on the use of internal technical specifications and external standards by some oil & gas companies
©OGP 5
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
Specifications which are fully based on an international or other standard and where the company speci-
fication only provides either additional requirements or modifications to the provisions of the standard
referenced. The supplier would thus be able to deliver a standard product with some modifications. i.e. if
a company specification makes reference to but provides a lot of separate requirements not in line with the
referenced standard at all, this can hardly be said to be a specification “ based on”.
The answers received after this clarification were still distributed widely as shown in Fig. 5 following, and
several of the responses claimed 100% of their specification to be based on external standards.
The average proportion of company specification based on a) international standards is 37% and b) on other
external standards is 31%. Several of the respondents claimed their specification to be 100% based on exter-
nal standards. This is probably higher than is strictly correct according to the definition of ‘based on’ given
above.
Average number of documents revised, created or withdrawn per year max min
% revised and amended 17% 100% 5%
% created 6% 13% 1%
% withdrawn 4% 10% 0%
In this question the total number of specification (all categories) was considered. The table below represents
the percentage of specifications in the average, the maximum and the minimum answers. There are more
documents being created (avg. 6%) than deleted (avg. 4%) and this suggests the portfolio is growing.
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
Fig. 5 - Company specifications “based on” external standards
The average time between two revisions of company specifications (per category and per discipline if possi-
ble) (14 answers) vary from 1 to 5 years. Few companies have a target on this point. When it exists it is fixed
from 3 to 5 years.
6 ©OGP
Benchmarking on the use of internal technical specifications and external standards by some oil & gas companies
Nearly all companies responding have a steering committee to handle company specifications and strategy
on the use of ISO, IEC and ITU standards.
89% (16 of 18) of the companies have a derogation process to handle deviations, exemptions, waivers etc.
Most of the companies require the approval of a technical committee and/or an authority structure. The
final structure that approves the derogation could be:
• Management structure in business units; and/or
• Technical committee (in business units).
3.3 In summary
These companies hold portfolios of a significantly different number of company specifications. Some
manage with a few, while two companies in this survey have more than 2,000 company specifications. The
average number of specifications per company is 816 and the number appears to be growing. It goes without
saying that large numbers of specifications take a lot of company resources to maintain in order to keep
them current and still useful.
Large groups of company specifications for mechanical equipment (including rotating machinery, tanks
& vessels, piping and valves), maintenance and inspection, electrical, instrumentation, HSE and process
disciplines may suggest a lack of, or inappropriate level of, external standards in these areas. The companies
generally seem to involve more people in the writing of their own specifications than in the work of external
standardisation.
©OGP 7
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
4 - External standards
Many of the companies responding (16 of 18) have a management approved strategy on use of ISO/IEC/
ITU standards.
The respondents make a lot of references to external standards in their company specifications. Eight com-
panies from Europe and the Middle East provided their detailed lists of reference standards. This informa-
tion was used to compile a total list of referenced standards, sorted by standards organisation for ISO, IEC,
API, ASTM, ASME, CEN (making EN standards) and NACE etc. with those with below 20 references
collected in an “Others” group. The total list includes 5,237 different standard titles from as many as 132
different standards-providing organisations. The details are provided in a separate report available to OGP
members only. In this list each standard reference (title) is quoted once only. A summary is shown in Fig 6
below and the complete list of organisations is found in Annex 1 of this report.
Standard referenced
Benchmarking survey 2008
AASHTO 23
ACI 65
ANSI 133
API 281
ASME 133
ASTM 902
AWS 25
BS 212
DIN 74
DNV 32
EEMUA 20
EN 638
IEC 480
IEEE 120
ISO 872
MSS 24
NACE 64
NEMA 54
NEN 206
NF 210
NFPA 82
NORSOK 24
PIP 39
SSPC 29
UL 71
Others 425
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Fig. 6 - Number of referenced standards sorted by organisation
This is a very large number of standards and these are probably a significant portion of all the standards used
by the operating companies, those in the western world in particular. These are, however, “first line” refer-
ences and when we know that these standards again include many more standards references themselves,
say between 5-20 each, but not all different, we can assume that the oil & gas industry uses grossly between
8 ©OGP
Benchmarking on the use of internal technical specifications and external standards by some oil & gas companies
10-20,000 different standards in total. On a global basis there are, in addition, Chinese, Russian and other
standards in use.
If we consider the 5,237 “first line” reference standards only, and assume that the average number of pages
for each of these standards is 50 (ISO average), we will have about 265,000 pages or a 13 meter-high stack of
documents. This equates, in a normal sized office, to about five (5) stacks of standards from floor to ceiling.
This figure offers an idea of the vast amount of external standards the oil & gas industry operators base their
operations on.
Much effort has been put into ISO/TC67 work and therefore it is of particular interest to look at the ref-
erenced standards from this committee. The survey reveals that 113 of the ISO/TC67 standards are refer-
enced. Considering that not all the specifications were new at the time of the survey, but say on average 2-3
years old, this would imply that we should compare the 113 figure with the 2006 catalogue of ISO/TC67
standards, which at that time stood at 119 published standards. So we can safely assume that nearly all of
the ISO/TC67 standards have been referenced by the eight respondents. Annex 2 to this report provides a
list of these 113 standards for further analysis.
Figures 7 & 8 show the nuumber of ISO and IEC standards referenced in this survey from some of their
technical committees.
TC28 ‐ Petroleum products and lubricants 11
TC153 ‐ Valves 10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Fig. 7 - Standards from some ISO Technical Committees
©OGP 9
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
TC77 ‐ Electromagnetic compatability 46
TC20 ‐ Electric cables 41
TC65 ‐ Industrial‐proess measurement, control and
38
automation
TC17 ‐ Switchgear and controlgear 29
TC2 ‐ Rotating machinery 25
TC31 ‐ Equipment for explosive atmospheres 24
TC34 ‐ Lamps and related equipment 22
TC14 ‐ Power transformers 21
TC64 ‐ Electrical installations and protection against
18
electric shock
TC22 ‐ Power electric systems and equipment 18
TC18 ‐ Electrical installations of ships and mobile and
17
fixed offshore structures
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Fig. 8 - Standards from some IEC Technical Committees
10 ©OGP
Benchmarking on the use of internal technical specifications and external standards by some oil & gas companies
• Being able to use the same standard worldwide - Minimizing the volume of internal standards/speci-
fications - Participation facilitates the company experts knowledge of latest technical developments;
• Facilitate global trade/availability of equipment, create common industry understanding and transfer
of international experience, reduce design work, accelerate product development and delivery, global
competition will reduce cost, global expert networking possibilities, reduce the need for company
specifications;
• Reduction of costs and schedules. Making the internal experts discuss with their peers to obtain a
consensus of quality;
• Contribution to cost reduction;
• Increase access in select parts of the world and improve trade;
• Consistent standards globally as we are international and global company;
• Following international standards could raise management efficient;
• Brings opportunities to harmonize with regional standards (Vienna agreement);
• To hold the competitiveness, no market barriers, cost reduction, to keep, ensure and follow the require-
ments of legislation. Smaller companies are also operating in international areas; it means a common
language is necessary. The special language which is used by International Standards is also ensuring
the common basic language for all participants;
• Participation & learning, promoting national views, reconciling technical differences, benchmarking
international consensus;
• Utilising the best international practices/experiences;
• Trade exchange and technology transfer;
• Minimising company specifications;
• Promotion of safety, health, security, quality, reliability, compatibility; technology transfer; protec-
tion of consumers and the environment;
• Providing input about international community knowledge; requirements that should be fulfilled in
the near future; insights about industry trends and general technical improvements;
• It meets company needs;
• Better communication with suppliers; and
• Helping to improve competence of workforce.
On the question of in which subject/category do the responding companies see the most benefit of interna-
tional standards work, the following detailed answers were provided:
• Engineering design, operation, HSE and so on;
• Harmonisation of company, industrial, national, regional standards with international standards;
• Emerging business areas such as floating production, subsea, LNG, select measurement areas, etc;
• Purchasing components, products;
• Natural gas quality, drilling;
• System standards & specs, material selection, pipelines;
• Quality and HSE;
• Design and process;
• Inspection and testing;
• Materials and corrosion protection;
• Operations Integrity, Safety, Quality, Health, Environment & Security;
• Equipment design and manufacturing;
• The most purchased equipment. HSE normalization, including sustainable development;
• Production of the following categories of international standards: specifications, methods and proce-
dures;
• ISO TC67.
©OGP 11
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
4.4 Improvements
On the question of where the responding companies think improvements are necessary in international
standards work, the following suggestions were frequently quoted:
• Improve the participation of experts and companies; and
• ISO process: editing, take more attention to national adoption.
Detailed answers provided by the respondents:
• Ensuring participation from all global oil and gas companies;
• Involving more experts and companies in standards work. This could make standards more applicable;
• To pay more attention to a national adoption of international standards and to a participation of local
specialists in international standardisation: reducing a number of normative references to those that
are absolutely required as an integral part of the standard; developing comprehensive multilingual
specialized websites; adopting a performance approach in standards development; developing stand-
ards for E&P technologies, including HSEQ;
• Editorial process is far too time-consuming. Process needs to be business-focused and prioritize busi-
ness value versus resources utilized. All standards work must clearly identify resource requirements,
shortened timelines (far too long now in most cases), adherence to milestones, and most importantly
co-operatively worked with API. If a standard cannot be dual branded, the committee must deter-
mine why prior to starting work;
• More companies should consider providing experts;
• Online working platform with access to the standards under preparation and online communication
with the other nominated experts of the technical committee. Bigger countries are taking bigger roles
in international standards work, smaller ones have only lesser role. It should be changed in a demo-
cratic way;
• Improvements are required in involving worldwide climate/weather conditions in international stand-
ards. Also, worldwide manufacturers and contractors should be involved in standards development;
• Subsurface standards;
• Discipline-to-discipline benchmark;
• The published documents need to be applied in even more countries - more companies need to align
their standards strategy behind this - there is still duplication of standards work. This should be
reduced;
• Upstream preparation to identify the requirements contained in the company specifications in order
to integrate into the standards all the shared requirements (this could be done by OGP); and
• International Standards Committee should improve speed of international standards production.
4.5 In summary
Overall, there are a lot of references quoted to external standards in company specifications. In total 5,237
different standards titles have been recorded from eight (8) of the respondents providing their reference lists.
These standards come from as many as 132 different standards making organisations such as ASTM, ISO,
IEC, API, ASME, BSI, CEN, DIN and others.
This benchmarking survey shows that there is a large difference in the participation of operating companies
in external standardisation work. Despite the affirmations of great interest in international standardisation
and its potential benefits, many of the companies are not greatly involved in the works of external standards
organisations. Some majors carry a heavy burden, while other operating companies are happy to make use of
the standards and harvest their benefits, but they are not at all present in the standards development process.
12 ©OGP
Benchmarking on the use of internal technical specifications and external standards by some oil & gas companies
A similar benchmarking survey was taken in 1994 and published by CEN in 1996 with significant input
from many OGP Standards committee members at the time. Ref. CEN report “Standardization programme
for the PGNI including a listing of standards used in Europe” CEN Order ref. PETROL96-1, ISBN 92-9097-
516-4. In 1992 CEN issued a questionnaire to all its members, asking them to list the standards in use, in
development, planned or needed for machines and equipment for oil and gas exploration, production and
refining. The response was compiled into a list of about 4,000 public and private standards. From this list
a new list of about 2,000 publically available (external) standards were developed and updated in October
1994 and the subject of the CEN report mentioned above. A summary of this list can be presented as fol-
lows:
AD 61
AGI 25
AGMA 15
ANSI 15
API 257
ASME 15
ASTM 280
AWS 12
BS 323
DIN 193
DNV 27
EEMUA 24
EN 40
IP 26
ISA 3
ISO 200
NACE 17
NEMA 2
NF 22
NFPA 18
NP 13
NS 131
SAE 37
TRB 22
UNS 24
VDTUEV 13
OTHERS 140
©OGP 13
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
6 - Comparison of studies
If we compare this CEN Petrol96 survey with the recent OGP benchmarking survey and categorize the
standards in groups of industry (API, ASME, EEMUA, NACE, NORSOK, MSS etc.), national (ANSI,
BS, NEN, NF etc.), regional (EN) and international standards (IEC, IMO, ISO etc.) and show the percent-
age of each group per survey, we arrive at the graph below. This graph clearly shows that national standards
like BS, DIN and NS are greatly reduced in the number of references in the recent survey and thus refer-
ences to international standards are increasing sharply.
Comparison of standard groups
Numbers in %
60
49
50 44
40 38
30 26
20 17
12 11
10
2
0
Industry National Regional International
PETROL 96 OGP Benchmark 08
Fig. 10 - Comparison 1994 vs. 2008 references
The same development trend in references to standards is shown in OGP Report No. 426, Regulators’ use of
standards, issued March 2010.
14 ©OGP
Benchmarking on the use of internal technical specifications and external standards by some oil & gas companies
7 - Conclusion
©OGP 15
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
Annex 1
16 ©OGP
Benchmarking on the use of internal technical specifications and external standards by some oil & gas companies
47. Energy Insitute, formerly the Institute of Petroleum (EI, IP) - http://www.energyinst.org
48. Energy Networks Association (ENA) - http://2010.energynetworks.org
49. The Engineering Equipment & Materials Users’ Association (EEMUA) - http://www.eemua.co.uk
50. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
51. European Committee for Standardization (CEN) - http://www.cen.eu
52. European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) - http://www.ecma-international.org
53. European Conference of Postal & Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) - http://www.cept.org
54. European Federation of Corrosion (EFC) - http://www.efcweb.org
55. European Industrial Gases Association (EIGA) - http://eiga.org
56. Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association (EJMA) - http://ejma.org
57. Factory Mutual (FM) - http://www.fmglobal.com
58. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) - http://fcc.gov
59. Federal Standard US (FED)
60. Gas Processors Association (GPA) - http://gpaglobal.org
61. IEC Comité International Spéciale des Perturbations Radioélectriques (CISPR)
http://www.iec.ch/zone/emc/emc_cis.htm
62. Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) - http://www.iesna.org
63. Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE)
64. Institution of Engineering & Technology (IET) - http://www.theiet.org
65. Institution of Gas Engineers & Managers (IGEM) - http://www.igem.org.uk
66. Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE) - http://www.ieee.org
67. Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA) - http://www.icea.net
68. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - http://www.iarc.fr
69. International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation & Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)
http://site.ialathree.org
70. International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) - http://www.iampo.org
71. International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA) - http://www.iaea.org
72. International Building Code (IBC)
73. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) - http://www.icao.int
74. International Code Council (ICC) - http://www.iccsafe.org
75. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) - http://www.icrp.org
76. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) - http://www.iec.ch
77. International Marine Contractors Association (IMCA) - http://www.imca-int.com
78. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG)
79. International Maritime Organization (IMO) - http://www.imo.org
80. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - http://www/iso.org
81. International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) - http://www.isgott.co.uk
82. International Society for Soil Mechanics & Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMFE) - http://www.issmge.org
83. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - http://www.itu.int
84. Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC) - http://www.jisc.go.jp/enf/index.html
85. Liquified Petroleum Gas Industry Technical Association (LPGITA)
86. Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) of the Valve & Fittings Industry - http://www.mss-hq.org
87. NACE International (National Association of Corrosion Engineers) - http://www.nace.org
88. National Air Duct Cleaners Association (NADCA) - http://nadca.com
89. National Board Inspection Code (NBIC) - http://www.nationalboard.org/Index.aspx?pageID=4
90. National Bureau of Standards (NBS)
91. National Electrical Code (NEC)
92. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) - http://nema.org
93. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) - http://www.nfpa.org
©OGP 17
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
18 ©OGP
Benchmarking on the use of internal technical specifications and external standards by some oil & gas companies
Annex 2
©OGP 19
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
20 ©OGP
Benchmarking on the use of internal technical specifications and external standards by some oil & gas companies
*Number of companies (of the eight respondng to this part of the survey) making reference to the standard
©OGP 21
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
22 ©OGP
For further information and publications,
please visit our website at
www.ogp.org.uk
209-215 Blackfriars Road
London SE1 8NL
United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 (0)20 7633 0272
Fax: +44 (0)20 7633 2350
165 Bd du Souverain
4th Floor
B-1160 Brussels, Belgium
Telephone: +32 (0)2 566 9150
Fax: +32 (0)2 566 9159