33 kv

Substation
What is Substation ??

 A substation is a part of an
electrical generation, transmission,
and distribution system.
 Substations transform voltage from
high to low, or the reverse, or perform
any of several other important functions.
 Between the generating station and
consumer, electric power may flow
through several substations at different
voltage levels.
 Classification :
 Based on service
 • Transformer Substation – Transform power from one voltage to another voltage
 • Switching Substation – Switching of power lines without transforming voltages
 • Converting Substation – Conversion of AC - DC – AC (for HVDC transmission)
 Based on voltage
 • High voltage Substation - 11kV and 66kV
 • Extra high voltage Substation - 132kV and 400kV
 • Ultra high voltage Substation – Voltages above 400kV
 Based on installation
 • Outdoor Substation
 • Indoor Substation (Air insulated or gas insulated)
 − Usually for < 66kV
 − Heavily polluted areas
 − Adverse climatic conditions
 − Need for high reliability
 − Space constraints
 Substation types

Indoor – Air insulated Indoor – Gas insulated

Function of a substation
 The purpose of a substation is to 'step down' high
voltage electricity from the transmission system to
lower voltage electricity so it can be easily supplied to
homes and businesses through our distribution lines.
 Supply electric power to consumers continuously
 • Supply of electric power within specified voltage
limits
 • Shortest possible fault duration
 • Optimum efficiency of electrical network
 • Supply of electrical energy to consumers at lowest
cost
 Design &
Working of 33 kv
substation
Elements of a substation

A: Primary power lines' side B: Secondary power lines' side 1. Primary

power lines 2. Ground wire 3. Overhead lines 4. Transformer for
measurement of electric voltage 5. Disconnect switch 6. Circuit breaker 7.
Current transformer 8. Lightning arrester 9. Main transformer 10. Control
building 11. Security fence 12. Secondary power lines
 BUSBAR
• BUSBAR (or bus, for short)- An electrical bus bar is defined as a
conductor or a group of conductor used for collecting electric power
from the incoming feeders and distributes them to the outgoing
feeders.

Busbars
(long heavy
tube type
DISCONNECTS/Isolator -
Open an electrical circuit, isolating the downstream circuit for purposes of
inspection and maintenance. Low-voltagedisconnect switches are often
used as main disconnecting devices in switchboards.

Disconnect Switch
( moving contact rod (A) &
contacts with flexible
fingers (B)

(B)
(A)
CIRCUIT BREAKER
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to
protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current, typically
resulting from an overload or short circuit.

Operating
Mechanism
Circuit Breakers Panel
( Connected in a
3-
phase circuit
 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
• CURRENT TRANSFORMER – Current transformers (CT) are a series connected
type of instrument transformer. They are designed to present negligible load to
the supply being measured and have an accurate current ratio and phase
relationship to enable accurate secondary connected metering.
 VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
Voltage transformers (VT), also called potential transformers (PT), are a parallel
connected type of instrument transformer. They are designed to present
negligible load to the supply being measured and have an accurate voltage
ratio and phase relationship to enable accurate secondary connected
metering.
EARTHING SWITCH
• EARTHING SWITCH – also known as ground disconnect, which
used to connects the equipment to a grid of electrical
conductors buried in the earth on the station property. It is
intended to protect people working on the grounded
equipment. It does this by completing a circuit path, thereby
reducing the voltage difference between the equipment and
its surroundings.
Lightning Arresters
A lightning arrester is a device used to
protect the insulation and conductors of the
system from the damaging effects of lightning.
The typical lightning arrester has a high-
voltage terminal and a ground terminal. When
a lightning surge (or switching surge, which is
very similar) travels along the power line to the
arrester, the current from the surge is diverted
through the arrestor, in most cases to earth.
3D Animation of 33/11kv Substation
References
1 .Wikipedia

2 . Video from odesssey pvt. Ltd.

3
https://www.siemens.com/global/en/home/products/
energy/high-voltage/hv-switchgear/disconnectors-
earthing-switches.html

4 .http://circuitglobe.com/electrical-bus-bar-and-its-
types.html
 Conclusion

By this project, we know electricity plays a major role

in our daily life ,we know how we get desired
electricity from power plant.

We also learn how a substation works in electricity

transmission and distribution and working of the
different element of substation .

We have to save electricity to save our resources.

Thank
YOU
Made by- Abhishek Dawachya (16EE01040)

Guided By- Dr. Sankarsan Mohapatro sir