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Greater Enfield Subsea EPCI

Greater Enfield - WPF-HBA-IA Fabrication-


Document Title: Ultrasonic Testing Procedure for Tubular Connections

Woodside Doc No: Revision:

Supplier Doc No: JS-UT-03 Revision: 0

Contract / PO No: 4610001411

Supplier Name: Technip Oceania Pty Ltd

EDRL/OIMS Code: FB18/SPP

TAG No’s:

For WEL Use Only

REVIEW STATUS:
 1) No comments – submit “Certified Final”. Work may Proceed.
 2) Revise as Noted and submit “Certified Final”. Work may Proceed.
 3) Revise as directed and resubmit for review. Work may/ may not proceed.
 4) “Certified Final” (As per your revision__ )
 5) Information Only
 6) As-built
Acceptance in any of these categories in no way relieves the Contractor/Supplier of their responsibility for the due
and proper performance of the works in accordance with the Contract/Purchase Order.
For: Woodside

NAME: NAME:

SIGN : SIGN:

DATE: DATE:
TECHNIP OCEANIA PTY LTD
A.C.N. 062 878 719

1120 Hay Street, West Perth WA 6005


Tel: +61 8 9463 2500 Tel: 61-08-9463 2500
Fax: 61-08-9463 2501

CLIENT Woodside Energy Ltd


PROJECT TITLE Greater Enfield Subsea EPCI
PROJECT NUMBER 067821C001

SUBCONTRACTOR DETAILS
NAME: - OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION SERVICES PTE LTD
PO NUMBER: - 067821C001P1278
SOW NUMBER: - 067821C001-11.57
REASON FOR ISSUE: - Issued for Use

DOCUMENT TITLE:

Greater Enfield - WPF-HBA-IA Fabrication- Checked By ………………………………………….


Ultrasonic Testing Procedure for Tubular Connections
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his responsibility for the due and proper performance of the Works in
accordance with the Contract/Purchase Order with Technip Oceania
Pty Ltd.

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Project Title : Greater Enfield Subsea EPCI Fabrication Package 1

Project Number : 067821C001

Client : Woodside

Contractor : TechnipFMC

Vendor : Offshore Construction Services Pte Ltd

OCS Project Number : OCS-1733

Document Title:
Greater Enfield - WPF-HBA-IA Fabrication-
Ultrasonic Testing Procedure for Tubular Connections

Contract P.O. Number 067821C001P1278 /067821C001-11.57

Supplier’s Document Number JS-UT-03

Client Document Number


TechnipFMC Document
Number
Revision Status

0 03-11-17 FOR REVIEW RAMARAJ SHAREEF SHAREEF

A1 11-10-17 FOR REVIEW RAMARAJ SHAREEF SHAREEF

Reason for
Rev. Date Prepared by Checked by Approved by Remarks
Issue

Record of Amendment

Amended Section Description of Change

Amended as per Rev. A1 Comments


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Ultrasonic Testing procedure based on API-RP-2X


For
Tubular connection

PREPARED BY REVIEWED / APPROVED BY

RAMARAJ SHAREEF SHAIK


UT,MT,PT -LEVEL II ASNT NDT Level III (ID:208601)

Date: 26/10/2017 Date: 26/10/2017

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Scope

2.0 Reference Documents

3.0 Personnel Qualification

4.0 Equipment

5.0 Reference Block

6.0 Couplant

7.0 Calibration of Equipment

8.0 Surface condition

9.0 Transfer correction

10.0 Beam Path Calibration, Sensitivity Setting

11.0 Test Procedure and Scanning Technique

12.0 Evaluation of Indication

13.0 Environmental conditions

14.0 Acceptance Criteria

15.0 Report Of Ultrasonic Examination

16.0 Appendix 1

17.0 Appendix 2

18.0 Ultrasonic Test Report Format

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PROCEDURE AMENDMENT HISTORY

Note: Amendments made in this procedure (JS-UT-03 REV 0) will be represented by a side line

Date of
Rev No. Section No. Section Title Para No. Amendment Details
Amendment

A1 29.09.2017 - - - New Procedure

0 26.10.2017 - - Amended as per given


comments.

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1.0 SCOPE:
1.1 This procedure is prepared to examine the base metal and fusion welded tubular TKY Connections in
structural steels by Manual Ultrasonic Contact Method using pulse echo technique in accordance with API-
RP-2X as Recommended by AWS D1.1 2015 Edition Annex Q.

1.2 For TKY tubular joints associated with the scope of works are limited to >325mm diameter, wall
thickness is 12mm and above, and local dihedral angles of 30° or greater. This procedure may be used for
smaller sizes if it is qualified using mock-up tests.

1.3 Extent of Testing


The extent of UT (Full or Partial or Spot Testing) shall be given by the Client clearly in a written request
(types, categories, or location) of welds to be tested.

2.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS:

AWS D1.1/D1.1M, Ed.2015 Structural Welding Code – Steel

API-RP-2X 2008 Recommended Practice for Ultrasonic and


Magnetic Examination of Offshore Structural
Fabrication and Guidelines for Qualification of
Technicians.
ASTM A 578 Standard Specification for Straight-Beam
Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Plates
for Special Applications
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V, Ultrasonic Examination
Article 4 & 5 [Ed. 2015]
ASTM E- 164 Standard Practice for contact ultrasonic testing
of weldments
ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in
(Ed.2011) Non-destructive Testing
BS EN ISO 9712:2012 Non-destructive testing – Qualification and
Certification of NDT personnel
Woodside Doc No. V2300SX0000041 Greater Enfield- Subsea Structural Steel
Welding Specification

3.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS


• All NDT shall be performed by personnel certified in accordance with CSWIP/PCN/EN ISO 9712 (EN 473)
or CONTRACTOR approved equivalent, Level 2 as a minimum to carry out NDT activities.
CONTRACTOR may request NDT personnel to perform “mock-up” tests prior to being approved for
production.
• Individuals who perform Ultrasonic Examination of T-K-Y tubular configurations to API RP 2X shall be
-certified minimum Level II in accordance with the personnel examination requirements and prerequisites in
API RP 2X sections 5.2 and 5.3. All UT operators assigned to perform UT on TKY applications shall be
-qualified and certified in accordance with minimum PCN Level 2 “Nodes” or equivalent such as CSWIP Level 2
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-or Equivalent TKY qualification.


• Personnel shall have passed a visual acuity test such as required by EN 473 and ISO 9712 or Jaeger J-w test at
300mm, within the previous 12 months.

4.0 EQUIPMENT
4.1 Ultrasonic Flaw Detector shall be Portable; Pulse echo unit with rectified A – Scan display (E.g.,
Krautkramer– USM-35X , Olympus Epoch 650 or equivalent).
4.2 Straight beam search units shall be of standard manufacturer, Single or Twin crystal with nominal
frequency of 2.5 – 5 MHz crystal diameter of 10 – 15mm.
4.3 Single crystal Angle Beam search units with a nominal frequency as per API RP 2X Sections 7.5.2(c)
and 7.7.1- 2-2.25 MHz is recommended, however higher frequency probes may be used.
4.4 Selection of probe diameter (or size) and frequency are decided by their combination. Beam spread is
function of probe size (larger probes result in reduced spread) and frequency (higher frequencies result in
reduced beam spread).
5.0 REFERENCE BLOCKS
Reference blocks shall be used according to API RP 2X
5.1 IIW (V1) Block
5.2 V2 (Din 54122) Block
5.3 IOW Beam Profile Block

6.0 COUPLANT
Light machine oil or cellulose paste shall be used as couplant. Calibration shall be done with the same
couplant as that used for examination.

7.0 CALIBRATION OF EQUIPMENT


Manufacturers’ certificate of calibration shall be available with each new flaw detection unit. Recommended
third parties shall carry out annual re-calibration and certification.
Pre-inspection instruments checks
The vertical amplifier will be linear to within 1 dB in the range of 10% of full scale height and any
deviation above this will be known to the operator.
The vertical amplifier will be linear to that extent, so that successive reductions of -2 dB from a 100%
response will provide the following amplitudes:
0 dB 100%
2 dB 80%
4 dB 63%
6 dB 50%
8 dB 40%
10 dB 32%
12 dB 25%
14 dB 20%
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16 dB 16%
18 dB 12%
20 dB 10%
Deviations up to 5% above the 50% amplitude height and up to 2% below the 50% amplitude height will
be acceptable.
The 20 dB incremented switch will be correctly adjusted so as to provide the same amplitude with the
same gain value, but at varying switch positions.
As the use of suppression drastically affects the amplitude linearity. The use of suppression will be
avoided.
Horizontal Linearity of the time base is essential over the full width of the screen, any deviation will not
exceed 1% of the full scale deflection in use.
Time base linearity will be tested by the setting of a test range of 100mm time base of the screen after
first setting four signals on 25mm thickness, any deviation greater than 1 mm will be unacceptable.

7.1 In addition to the above, the ultrasonic operator shall carry out following equipment checks prior to
conducting any test.
7.1.1 Probe Resolution
7.1.1a Place 0° compression probe on the V1 (IIW) Block as shown in the figure 1.1. The echoes from the
bottom of the milled slot at 85mm and from the steps at 91mm and 100mm shall be clearly
discernible on the screen.
Figure 1.1

s
diu
Ra
m
0m
10

V1 (IIW) Block
7.7.1b Place shear wave probes on the IOW Beam Profile Block (figure 1.1A) with the beam directed
towards the series of 5 side drilled holes. At least 3 of the series shall be clearly discernible.

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Figure-1.1A
83 Surace A
48 63 50

19 13
25

5 holes - 1.5mm dia


10°
22mm deep on 10° slope
75
3 at 2.5mm
2 at 4mm centers
32

25 35

IOW Block

Depth below surface to hole centres These eight depths are used as references for representation
(for the four holes used for beam profiling) of beam amplitudes in the RF Beam profiles.
Height 75 mm Top surface Opposite surface
Width 50 mm 13 62
Length 305 mm 19 56
Hole diameters 1.5 mm 25 50
Hole depths 22 mm 43 32

7.1.2 Probe Index


Place shear wave probe on the V1 (IIW) block’s 100mm quadrant side as shown in the figure 1.2 and
maximize the eco from the quadrant. Hold the probe and measure the distance (d) from block edge to probe
edge.
The probe index = (100 – d) mm.
For example, if‘d’ is 86mm,
Then, Probe index = 100-86=14mm.
This distance shall be transferred to the probe
Figure 1.2

100m m

V1 (IIW) Block

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7.1.3 Probe Angle (True Angle)

Place the shear wave probe (45° or 60°) on side-A of the V1 Block as shown in the figure-1.3 and maximize
the echo. The angle is indicated by the engraved numbers on the side of the block at the point directly below
the index mark. The 1.6mm hole is employed for measurements of 70° or more. It shall not deviate more
than ± 2° of nominal angle.
Beam Alignment (SQUINT): The beam will be known within + or – degree and will be recorded on the
weekly report for Ultrasonic Flaw Detector Checks.

Figure 1.3

Perspex

1.6mm hole

V1 (IIW Block) – Probe Angle

7.2 Weekly calibration


The following instrument calibration shall be performed every week as per in-house procedure. Periodic tests
and details of intervals such as Linearity checks shall be performed in accordance with API RP 2X Table 2.
a. Horizontal Linearity
b. Screen Height Linearity
c. Amplitude Control Linearity
d. beam profile

8.0 SURFACE CONDITION


8.1 Scanning surface shall be smooth, clean and free of scale, spatter, pitting, paint or any imperfection that
might impair the coupling between the probe and the work piece.
8.2 Dressing of weld profile may be carried out to eliminate or resolve confusing surface echoes/mode
conversions.
8.3 Where it is otherwise impossible for the ultrasonic beam to interrogate the full cross section of the weld,
the weld profile shall be dressed smooth to facilitate additional scanning.

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9.0 TRANSFER CORRECTION FACTOR


Transfer correction shall be carried out to compensate for differences in surface condition and material
composition between calibration block and test component. It is a requirement to determine a transfer
correction factor and adjust basic sensitivity prior to any test. It shall be carried out as follows:
9.1 Connect 2 shear wave probes of same angle, type to the UFD in transmitter & Receiver mode.
9.2 Position the probes on the basic calibration block facing each other. Maximize the Full skip distance
echo and keep it at 80% of full screen height (Refer Fig.2.1). Mark the signal on the UFD screen.
Transmit Receive
Transmit
Receive

Full skip distance Double skip distance


Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2

9.3 Reposition the probes in order to get the double skip distance echo and maximize it (Refer Fig.2.2).
Mark the signal on the screen.
9.4 Join the two points together in a straight line marked across the screen (Refer Fig.2.3).

Line 1
80%FSH
Line 2

TCF

T est piece at Basic Cal. Block


Full Skip at Double Skip
Basic Cal. Block T est piece at
at Full Skip Double Skip

Figure 2.3

9.5 Without altering the gain control setting, transfer the probes to the surface of the test piece. Using the
same method described above, obtain peaked signals at full and double skip distances. Join the peaks
together in a straight line on the flaw detector screen.
9.6 The difference in dB between the two lines at comparable time base range represents the transfer
correction factor.
9.7 The transfer correction factor shall be added to the primary reference level prior to the commencement of
examination.

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10.0 BEAM PATH CALIBRATION, SENSITIVITY SETTING


10.1 Normal and angle beam calibration shall be made by the UT Operator at the work location, immediately
prior to the commencement of test by using either V1 or V2 block.
10.2 Straight beam calibration shall be made to display at least two back wall echoes on the CRT screen.
10.3 Straight beam sensitivity shall be adjusted such that the first back wall echo is set at 80% FSH.
10.4 Angle beam calibration shall be made for 1½ skip beam path length to ensure complete coverage of
weld using V1 or V2 block.
10.5 Recalibration of beam path shall be made every 30 minutes during testing, after any change of probe,
coaxial cable or battery, or after any change of work location.
10.6 Suppression control shall be off during calibration.
10.7 Sensitivity Calibration for Tubular Connections:
Standard sensitivity for examination of production welds using amplitude techniques shall be: basic
sensitivity + distant amplitude correction + transfer correction. This calibration shall be performed at least
once for each joint to be tested.
Surface Temperature: For contact examination, the temperature differential between basic calibration block
and examination surfaces surface shall be within 14ºC. Temperature of component during examination in all
cases shall not exceed 50ºC.

10.7.1 Basic Sensitivity. Reference level screen height obtained using maximum reflection from the 0.060
in. [1.5 mm] diameter hole in the Type SC - Sensitivity Reference Block as described in the following
Figure.
The primary reference reflectors are side drilled hole of 1.6mm diameter for welds other than T K Y welds
and for internal reflectors from T K Y welds as shown figure 2.4 (Reference Para 7.10.2 of API RP 2X &
Figure 43).
API RP 2X suggests the primary reference reflectors for T K Y weld root reflectors be a square buttress
notch on a similar material plate of thickness 1 to 2 times nominal thickness of pipe tested.
2/3 point reference DAC curve shall be made by maximizing response for the side drilled hole reference
reflector. Both 20% and 50% curves shall be produced.

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Figure 2.4

TYPE SC - SENSITIVITY REFERENCE BLOCK

General Notes:
• The dimensional tolerance between all surfaces involved in referencing or calibrating shall be within 10.005 in. [0.13
mm] of detailed dimension.
• The surface finish of all surfaces to which sound is applied or reflected from shall have a maximum of 125 pin. r.m.s.
• All material shall be ASTM A 36 or acoustically equivalent.
• All holes shall have a smooth internal finish and shall be drilled 90º to the material surface.
• Degree lines and identification markings shall be indented into the material surface so that permanent orientation can be
maintained.

10.7.2 Distance Amplitude Correction:


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The sensitivity level shall be adjusted to provide for attenuation loss throughout the range of sound path to
be used by either distance amplitude correction curves, electronic means, or as described in 10.7.3. Where
high frequency transducers are used, the greater attenuation shall be taken into account. Transfer correction
may be used to accommodate UT through tight layers of paint not exceeding 0.25 mm in thickness.

10.7.3 DAC Construction


a. Position the probe on the Type SC Block. Pick up the 1.6mm hole from Position #1. Maximize the signal
by manipulation of probe.
b. Adjust the gain and keep the maximized signal at 80% FSH, mark the signal peak on the screen and note
the gain (dB). This gain is referred as the Primary (Reference) Sensitivity (Figure 3).
c. Without adjusting the primary sensitivity, pick-up the second hole form Position #2. Maximize and mark
the signal peak on the CRT (Figure 3).
d. To make DAC, Join Both Points by drawing a line between ID and OD Peak signals on the screen
(Figure-4). A curve can be made if 3 or more reference points are taken.
e. Scanning shall be done at 12 dB more than the primary (Reference) sensitivity.

Figure 3 Figure 4

Transducer Transducer 100


Position #1 Position #2
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 0.55 1.05
0

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11.0 TEST PROCEDURE AND SCANNING TECHNIQUE


These scanning techniques are applicable to all categories of connections.
11.1 If defects or considerable variation in attenuation are found, it is important that their influence on the
weld examination be taken into account and the scanning technique adjusted to ensure complete examination
of the weld.
11.2 Straight beam examination shall be carried out on the base metal to ensure that the angle beam
scanning area is free of lamination or any imperfections that might interfere with the angle beam test. Any
area of base metal with indications excess or equal to back wall echo or any area in which the back wall echo
is completely lost shall be reported.

11.3 Thickness measurement: The thickness of each member from which scanning is to be achieved
should be determined and recorded for use in the flaw location determinations.

11.2 Scanning shall be performed perpendicular to the weld axis to find out longitudinal defects using 70°,
60° or 45° shear wave probes.

11.3 Scanning shall be done from 0 to 1½ skip + 1 weld cap distance as shown in figure 5.1 through 5.5.

11.4 Probe movement during scans shall be a combination of lateral and traversing actions as given in
figure-6. Each scan shall overlap by at least 10%. Rotational and orbital probe movements shall be used for
assessment of indications.

11.5 Transverse scanning shall be carried out from weld cap if possible. Alternately scanning shall be
done on the parent metal adjacent to weld at an angle of <15° to the weld axis (refer figure 6).

11.6 Tubular Connection Requirements:


Groove butt welds welded from one side without backing, the entire length of all completed tubular
production welds shall be examined by UT. The acceptance criteria shall conform to 14.1.

11.7 Weld scanning of T connections:


Weld scanning of T connections shall be performed from the branch member surface as given in Figure-5.1.
All examinations shall be made in leg I and II where possible. Normal probe scanning from main member as
shown in figure 5.1 shall be performed where ever possible.

For initial scanning, the sensitivity shall be increased by 12 dB above that established in 10.7.3b. Indication
evaluation shall be performed with reference to the standard sensitivity.

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Figure-5.1 – T Joints Scanning Technique

Scan 4

Scan 2-45º/60º/70º
Scan 1 - 0º

Scan 4 Scan 3-45º/60º/70º

Scan 5
half skip

Scan 1, 2, & 3
Full skip

11.8 Weld scanning of K & Y connections:


11.8.1 Weld scanning of K & Y connections shall be performed from the branch member surface as given in
Figure-5.2, 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5. All examinations shall be made in leg I and II where possible. For the heel zone
examination in leg III also required because most of the times especially when the local dihedral angle is less
than 45º, the root area is inaccessible by even 70º probe. Therefore in the heel zone, scanning up to leg-III is
required to evaluate the root area.
11.8.2 Normal probe scanning from main member as shown in figure 5.1 shall be performed where ever
possible. This scanning can detect LOF on main member side and lamellar tearing.
11.8.3 For initial scanning, the sensitivity shall be increased by 12 dB above that established in 10.6.3b.
Indication evaluation shall be performed with reference to the standard sensitivity.

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Figure 5.2 K & Y Joints Scanning Technique

Note:
A. Maintain beam direction perpendicular to weld during every scan.
B. The Y – Joint consists 3 zones
1. Toe Zone
2. Transition zone
3. Heel zone
C. The K–Joint is nothing but of combination of two Y–Joints. Therefore it can be treated as Y – Joints.

Figure 5.3 Toe Zone scanning

Long Point (Toe Zone)

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Figure 5.4 Transition Zone Scanning

Transition Zone (Sole)

Figure 5.5 Heel Zone Scanning

Short Point (Heel Zone)

11.8.4 The transition zone always accompanied with curvature effects of both branch and main member that
lead to increased beam paths and increased skip distances compared to plates. Therefore suitable curvature
correction shall be made as described below:
Method-1
Take two probes of the same angle, frequency, and size. Pick up the full V-signal by placing one as a
transmitter and the other as a receiver. Measure the distance between probe exit points, and beam path from
the CRT, when the signal from the transmitter is maximized on the CRT (see Figure 5.6).

Draw the skip distance and beam path on the plotting card and determine the effective angle using protractor
(see Figure 5.7).

Method-2
Another method of determining the corrected beam angle is to use the distance between the index points in
the following equation:

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A− B
Tanθ =
2T
Where:
θ = effective beam angle.
T = material thickness.
A–B = distance between index points as depicted on the plotting card in Figure 5.7

Method-3
The beam path distance taken from the screen also may be used to determine the effective beam angle by
using the following equation:
2T
Cosθ =
BP
Where:
θ  = effective beam angle.
T = material thickness.
BP = Beam path distance taken from the screen.

Method-4
Alternately, a profile gauge and/or lead wire can be used to take the curvature along the line of scanning, and
then the curvature profile is transferred to a paper. Then another line is drawn using the same profile gauge
or lead wire without altering it corresponding to the internal wall.

The profile gauge and/or lead wire can be used in such a way to take the profile of the branch member,
weldment and main member together.
Draw tangent along the outer surface of the profile. Then use a protractor to mark probe angle (45°, 60° or
70°). Draw a line from top to bottom surface along the marked probe angle.
Measure the distance between both surfaces. It is the beam path corresponding to the curvature. Effective
angle can be calculated using formula given in the method -3.
Using this technique a full scale curvature with weld can be obtained. It needs extensive practice to get
adequate accuracy. Refer Figure-5.8

Method-5
The Thickness-OD ratio chart shown in figure-5.9 & figure-5.10 also can be used to get curvature correction.
This is more suitable for circumferential scanning of pipes.

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Figure 5.6

Figure 5.7 Graphical Plotting Card for Circumferential Beam Path

Figure-5.8 Applications of Profile gauge to obtain curvature

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2.0
B e a m p a th M u ltip lie r ( B P 2 /B P 1 )

80°
70°
1.8 60°

45°
1.6 35°

1.4

1.2
t/D
0.001 0.0020.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3

Thickness Divided by OD
Figure 5.9 – Skip Distance Adjustment for Circumferential Beam Path

2.1

2.0
SDx 80° 70° 60° 45° 35°
1.9

1.8
SkipDistance Multiplier

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0
0.001 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4
Thickness Divided by OD

Figure-5.10 Adjustment for Circumferential Skip Distance

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Figure-5.11 Probe Movement

Notes:
1. Testing patterns are all symmetrical around the weld axis with the exception of pattern D which is
conducted directly over the weld axis.
2. Testing from both sides of the weld axis is to be made wherever mechanically possible

11.8.5 Before starting the test, at least 3 profiles should be taken from transition zone, long point and short
point. Estimation of expected beam paths & skip distance for root and main member back wall echoes
should be made by plotting.
11.8.6 Place the probe at transition zone so that maximum reflection from the main member back wall is
received. Verify the skip & beam path distances from the plotting made in Para 11.8.5.
It is very useful for Y&K-joints, because it always presents most of the time. This echo serves as a guide for
the entire testing. Any indication before this is possibly a discontinuity.
The root indication appears approximately one main member thickness before the main member back wall
echo. It is essential during weld examination for UT operators to be alert for changes in intercept angles and
avoid 30-degree incidence on potential discontinuities which cause mode conversion and a loss of echo
signal amplitude. (Refer to API RP 2X section 7.8 for the effects of surface geometry on the incident angle.
The main member back wall indication and root indication on the CRT will move towards right hand side as
the probe move away from the weld cap.

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All indications greater than 50% of reference including root should be carefully plotted and evaluated in leg-
I.
All indications before the main member back wall should be carefully plotted and evaluated in leg-II.
12.0 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS
12.1 Tubular Connections:
Discontinuities shall be evaluated by use of a combination of beam boundary and amplitude techniques.
Sizes shall be given as length and height (depth dimension) or amplitude, as applicable. Amplitude shall be
related to “standard calibration.” In addition, discontinuities shall be classified as linear or planar versus
spherical, by noting changes in amplitude as the transducer is swung in an arc centered on the reflector.
The location (position) of discontinuities within the weld cross section, as well as from an established
reference point along the weld axis, shall be determined.
Recommended sizing techniques are specified in accordance with API RP 2X section 7.9.3.5.
The popular method of determining the length of reflector by defining the ends when the CRT echo signal
has dropped to half (6 decibels) results in an overestimation of reflector is less than the cross sectional width
of the sound beam. This error can be reduced by using a 20 decibel drop and subtracting the 20 decibel half-
beam widths as discussed in 7.9.3.2 of API RP 2X.
This will still lead to a slight overestimation because the beam spread has been derived from a linear and not
a point reflector. However, the 20 decibel beam profile is very near the extreme edge of the beam, and the
error is small.

12.8 Identification of Rejected Area:


Each rejectable discontinuity shall be indicated on the weld by a mark directly over the discontinuity for its
entire length. The depth from the surface and indication rating shall be noted on nearby base metal.

12.9 Repair:
Welds found unacceptable by UT shall be repaired. Repaired areas shall be retested ultrasonically with
results tabulated on the original form (if available) or additional report forms.

13.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS


Suitable hood shall be used to shield the light when carry out testing in daylight.

14.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA


14.1.2 Class X (Experience based, fitness for purpose criteria applicable to T, K, Y connections)
Acceptance criteria for UT shall be provided in contract documents. Unless otherwise specified, the fitness
for purpose criteria (Class-X) can be applied as given below:
14.1.2.1 All indications having less than half (6dB) standard sensitivity level shall be disregarded.
14.1.2.2 Indications exceeding disregard level shall be evaluated as follows:

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a. Spherical reflectors shall be as described in Class R, except that any indications within the
following limits for linear or planar shall be acceptable.
b. Linear or Planar reflectors shall be evaluated by means of beam boundary techniques. The
indications exceeding the limits of figure 6.1) shall be rejected.
c. The root area shall be defined as that lying within ¼” (6mm) or tw/4, whichever is greater, of
the root of the theoretical weld as shown in figure 6.
15.0 REPORT OF EXAMINATION
15.1 Examination results will be reported in Jasscan format.
15.2 A sketch depicting cross-sectional area and location, and depth shall be made for all rejectable
discontinuities.
15.3 All restricted areas that are not scanned with complete coverage shall be reported with full
explanation of restriction

Notes:
1. See Table 3.6 for dimensions tw, L, R, W, ω, Φ.
2. Minimum standard flat weld profile shall be as shown by solid line.
3. A concave profile, as shown by dashed lines, shall also be applicable.
4. Convexity, overlap, etc. shall be subject to the limitations of 5.24.
5. Branch member thickness, tb, shall be subject to limitations of 2.21.6.7.

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AWS D1.1 (2015 Edition)


Figure 6 — Prequalified Joint Details for CJP Groove Welds in Tubular T-, Y-, and
K-Connections—Standard Flat Profiles for Limited Thickness

Acceptance Criteria for Tubular Connections

Figure 6.1-Class X Indications

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Appendix-1

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Appendix-2

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ULTRASONIC TESTING REPORT


Client : Report No :
Address : Reference No. :
Project Name : Date of Test :

Test Location : Surface Condition :


Material : Joint Type :
Weld Process : Joint Preparation :

Test Procedure No. : Test Specification :


Acceptance Criteria : Test Method :

Tested Item Description :

UT INSTRUMENT DETAILS
Instrument Make : Calibration Due :
Instrument Sl. No. : Cal BlockType/Sl.No. :
Couplant : Screen Range :
Cable : Sensitivity Setting :
Probe Probe Serial No Frequency Size Angle Type Reference dB TR Loss dB

RESULT SHEET
Length Tested

Defect Length

Defect Depth
Identification

From Datum
Total Length
welder No.
Thickness

Remarks
Joint No.

Result
(mm)

(mm)

(mm)
(mm)
S.No

Weld

Tested and Reported by Reviewed and Approved By Client Representatives

Signature : Signature : ………………………………………..


Name : Name :
Qualification: Qualification: ………………………………………..
Date : Date :

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN INTERPRETATION


A: Accepted CC : Crater Crack P : Porosity LOSF : Lack of Side Wall Fusion
R : Rejected LC : Longitudinal Crack SP : Spatters LOP : Lack of Penetration
NSD : No Significant Defect TC : Transverse Crack SI : Slag Inclusion LORF : Lack of Root Fusion
TI : Tungsten Inclusion UC : Undercut EP : Excess Penetration

Form : JS/29 Rev.2

Terms & Conditions:


1) Results reported for the tested subject only, and does not imply to other similar items.
2) The Report shall not be reproduced in part or in full unless w ritten permission for its publication has been obtained f rom the JASSCAN.
3) JASSCAN agrees to use reasonable diligence in the manner of performance of service but no w arranties are given and none may be implied directly or
indirectly relating to the test results, services or the facilities of JASSCAN.
4) The report shall not be used in any publicity material w ithout the w ritten consent of JASSCAN.

“The results reported herein have been performed in accordance w ith the laboratory’s terms of accreditation under the Singapore Accreditation
Council-Singapore Laboratory Accreditation Scheme”

Page 26 of 26

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