UNITARY EVENTS

Problem : Hallucinations
Target :Client hallucinations and his family
Time : 30 minutes
Date :Monday, 30 October 2017
Place :Marzuki Mahdi Hospital Hall

A. General Instructional Objectives

After counseling the client and family can understand about Hallucination.

B. Special Instructional Purpose

After following the counseling it is expected that clients and families can:
1. Clarify Hallucinations with their own language correctly.
2. Explain the etiology of Hallucinations
3. Describe signs and symptoms Hallucinations
4. Mention the classification of Hallucinations
5. Describe Hallucinations treatment

C. Subject matter
1. Definition of Hallucinations
2. Etiology Hallucinations
3. Hallucinations Signs and Symptoms
4. Classification of Hallucinations
5. Handling Hallucinations
6. How to Reduce Hallucinations
D. Teaching and learning activities
1. Method
a. Lecture and question and answer
b. Activity steps
c. Pre-Learning Activities
d. Prepare material, media and place
2. Contract time
a. Opening Lesson
 b. Greeting
c. Introduction
d. Explain the subject
e. Explain the purpose
3. Core activities
a. Extensionist delivered the material
b. The goal of listening to the material
4. Closing
a. Evaluation
b. Extensionist and target conclude material
c. Greeting
E. Media
The media used are Power Point and leaflets

F. Strategy
No Time Activities Counseling
1 5 minute Opening 1. Greeting
2. Explain the purpose of counseling
3. Review the counselor's knowledge of
anxiety
2 15 minute Content 1. Explain aboute understanding
2. Explains etiology
3. Explains the signs and symptoms
4. Explain the classification
5. Explainthe handling of Hallucination
3 10 minute Closing 1. Make a conclusion
2. Give a question
3. Giving praise for the answers that
have been expressed
4. Say greetings

G. Evaluation
1. The client can explain Hallucinations
2. The client may explain the etiology of Hallucinations
3. The client can explain signs and symptoms of Hallucinations
4. The client may explain the classification of Hallucination
5. The client can explain the handling of Hallucination

H. Materi

HALLUCINATION
1. Definition
A hallucination is a perception in the absence of external stimulus that has qualities
of real perception. Hallucinations are vivid, substantial, and are perceived to be
located in external objective space. They are distinguishable from these related
phenomena: dreaming, which does not involve wakefulness; illusion, which involves
distorted or misinterpreted real perception; imagery, which does not mimic real
perception and is under voluntary control; and pseudohallucination, which does not
mimic real perception, but is not under voluntary control. Hallucinations also differ
from "delusional perceptions", in which a correctly sensed and interpreted stimulus is
given some additional (and typically absurd) significance.

Hallucinations can occur in any sensory modality—visual, auditory, olfactory,

gustatory, tactile, proprioceptive, equilibrioceptive, nociceptive, thermoceptive and
chronoceptive.

Hallucinations are a disturbance or a change of perception where the client perceive

something that actually does not happen. An application and appreciation which is
experienced through the five senses without any outside stimulus or stimulus
(Maramis, 2005).

Hallucinations are perceptual disturbances in the absence of the senses stimuli from
outside that encompasses all the sensing systems where they occur at the time of the
individual's consciousness either (Stuart, 2007).
2. Etiology
According to Stuart ( 2007), the cause of hallucinations caused by several factors :
a. Predisposing Factors:
1) Biological
2) Psychological
3) Socially
4) Developmental factors
b. Stressor precipitation
c. Assessment of stressors (response)
d. Source Koping
e. Coping Mechanism

3. Signs and Symptoms

1) Symptoms:
1) Hallucinations or sound hearings: talk or laugh alone, get angry without
cause,directing the ears towards the closed.
2) Hallucinations of vision: pointing towards a particular, fear on
something that is not clear.
3) Smell of olfactory: smells like it smells certain odors and
close the nose.
4) Hallucinations tasting: often spit and vomiting.
5) Hallucinaceous touch: scratching the surface of the skin.
2) Cause:
1) Predisposingfactors
a) Developmental factors: developmental constraints will disrupt
relationships
interpersonal that can increase stress and anxiety that can
ends with a perceptual disorder.
b) Socio-cultural factors: the various factors in society that make a
personfeel excluded or lonely.
c) Psychological factors: interpersonal relationships are not harmonious
and the roledouble or contradictory roles that may cause severe
anxietythe last with an increase in reality so that hallucinations occur.
 d) Biological factors: abnormal brain structures found in patients
disorder oriented reality.
3) Precipitation factor
a) Socio-cultural Stressor: stress and anxiety will increase when it
occursdecrease in family stability, separation with important people
oralienated from the group.
b) Biochemical factors: various studies on dopamine norepineprine,
indolamine and oxygenic substances are suspected to bind to the disorder of
orientation reality includes hallucinations.
c) Behavior: a patient with a reality orientation disorder is concerned
withchanges in affective perception, motor and social affective processes.

4) Classifications
a. Auditory Hallucinations
1) Hearing noises or noise.
2) Hearing voice inviting conversation.
3) Hearing a voice doing something dangerous
4) Talkor laugh alone.
5) Angry without cause.
6) Leads the ear in a certain direction.
7) Closing the ears.
b. Visual Hallucinations
1) Pointing in a certain direction.
2) Fear of something that is notclear.
3) Seeing shadows, rays, shapesgeometric, cartoon form, lookghosts, or monsters.
c. Olfactory Hallucinations
1) Smelt like it was smellingcertain odors.
2) Closes the nose.
3) Smell smells like smellblood, urine, feces,sometimes the smell is pleasant.
d. Tasting hallucinations
1) Often spit.
2) Gag.
3) Feeling flavor like blood, urine,or feces.
 e. Tactile Hallucinations
1) Scratching skin surface.
2) Says there are insects onsurface of the skin.
3) Feel like electric shock

5) Treatments
There are few treatments for many types of hallucinations. However, for those
hallucinations caused by mental disease, a psychologist or psychiatrist should be
alerted, and treatment will be based on the observations of those doctors.
Antipsychotic and atypical antipsychotic medication may also be utilized to
treat the illness if the symptoms are severe and cause significant distress. For
other causes of hallucinations there is no factual evidence to support any one
treatment is scientifically tested and proven. However, abstaining from
hallucinogenic drugs, stimulant drugs, managing stress levels, living healthily,
and getting plenty of sleep can help reduce the prevalence of hallucinations. In all
cases of hallucinations, medical attention should be sought out and informed of
one's specific symptoms.