Yarn:

 Yarn is defined as a linear assemblage of the fibers twisted together.

 The process of making the yarn from a textile fiber is called Spinning

Yarn

YARN MANUFACTURING PROCESS

 BALE OPENER
 MIXING
 BLOW-ROOM
 CARDING
 DRAWING
 COMBING
 SIMPLEX (ROVING)
 SPINNING (RING FRAME)
BALE OPENING
BALE OPENING or BREAKING:
 The cotton tufts are opened in this process.
 As the cotton arrives in an extremely compressed condition the first operation is to
loosen the matted fibers
 The cotton fiber is loosen by means of rotating spiked rollers of the bale opener.

Bale opener
Mixing
 This is a process of mixing the same/different category of fibers to get desired properties
and cost effectiveness.
 Mixing is done after the study of the essential properties of fiber like staple
length,Tensile strength, fineness, uniformity etc.

Mixing
BLOW ROOM
 In this process the cleaning and opening of the cotton is done by beaters and openers.
 The foreign materials like dust particles, seeds of cotton and other impurities are
partially removed in this process.
 The cotton tufts are opened and cleaned in this process and the cotton lap is made out.

Blowroom
CARDING
 Carding is the heart of spinning in this process the minute impurities like small seed
particles,immature fibers etc. are removed.
 The straightening and aligning of fibers are done in this process.
 In carding the Blow room lap is attenuated to the card sliver.
 Carding
Draw Frame
 Through drafting fibbers get paralleled
 Up to Eight Carded Slivers are fed into the Draw-Frame and they are
stretched/Straightened and made into a single sliver.
 Also fiber blending can be done at this stage.


Draw-Frame
Simplex (Roving Frame)
 Further drafting is done here to get the fibers more aligned/paralleled.
 The Sliver from Draw-Frame is thicker and will be difficult to be fed into the Ring-
frame as is, hence here the Slivers are stretched and were made thinner by Drafting and
mild twisting (so as to strengthen the Roving).
 The End-Product from the Simplex is called as Roving.

Simplex
Ring Frame (Spinning)
 The roving is fed into the Ring-frame and is made into yarn by further Drafting &
Twisting.
 To draft the roving until the required fineness is achieved
 To impart strength to the fiber, by inserting twist.
 Depending upon the yarn count required , the drafting and twisting can be adjusted.

Ring Frame