CHAPTER 18 : NUMBER BASES

1.1 Important concepts

Number Bases

Number in base Number in base Number in base

two eight five

Only use digits 0 Only use digits 0, Only use digits 0,

and 1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 1, 2, 3 and 4
7,
Place value : Place value : Place value :
23222120 838 28180 53525150

1.2 Number in base two

1.2.1 State the value of a digit of a number in base two.

Example : 11012
The value of a digit 1 is 1 × 23 = 8

Exercises :
1. 11002 2. 1101102
3. 1000102 4. 11101002
5. 1001002 6. 10111112
7. 101111102 8. 111101102
9. 101011002 10. 10001111002

1.2.2 Conversion of numbers in base two to the number in base ten.

Example : 1102 = (1 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (0 × 20)

=4 + 2 + 0
= 610
Exercises :

Number Bases 12
1. 1012 2. 11012

3. 11002 4. 11102

5. 10112 6. 11012

7. 101102 8. 110112

Example : 10012 = 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 1

= 8+1
= 910
9. 1011102 10. 1110002

11. 11001112 12. 10100112

13. 101011012 14. 111011012

1.2.3 Conversion of numbers in base ten to the number in base two.

Example : 2510
2 25 remainder
2 12 1
2 6 0
2 3 0
2 1 1
0 1

2510 = 110012

Exercises :

1. 1610 2. 2910

3. 3410 4. 3910

5. 4410 6. 4710

Example : 1210
8 44 2 1
1 1 0 0
Number Bases 13
 1210 = 1100 2
7. 5510 8. 6810

9. 8710 10. 9410

11. 10110 12. 11710

1.3 Number in base eight

1.3.1 State the value of a digit of a number in base eight.

Example : 148
The value of a digit 4 is 4 × 80 = 4
Exercises :
1. 158 2. 248
3. 618 4. 1458
5. 3278 6. 3268
7. 25168 8. 34048
9. 16258 10. 46138

1.3.2 Conversion of numbers in base eight to the number in base ten.

Example : 268 = ( 2 × 81) + (6 × 80)

= 16 + 6
= 2210
Exercises :

1. 238 2. 348

3. 638 4. 718

5. 1248 6. 1568

7. 2708 8. 3748

Example : 458 = 51 6 8 1

2 4
4 5
= 32

Number Bases 14
 +5
= 37
9. 2058 10. 2728

11. 3168 12. 3658

13. 5138 14. 6528

1.3.3 Conversion of numbers in base ten to the number in base eight.

Example : 1910
8 19 remainder
8 2 3
0 2

1910 = 238

Exercises :
1. 2610 2. 4910

3. 6410 4. 9910

5. 14410 6. 54710

Example : 1710
512 64 8 1
2 1

1710 = 218
7. 1910 8. 2410

9. 5710 10. 6410

11. 12110 12. 21710

1.4 Number in base five

1.4.1 State the value of a digit of a number in base five.
Example : 225
The value of a digit 2 is 2 × 51 = 10

Number Bases 15
Exercises :
1. 145 2. 235
3. 325 4. 445
5. 1015 6. 1245
7. 2405 8. 12125
9. 32045 10. 42215

1.4.2 Conversion of numbers in base five to the number in base ten.

Example : 1425 = ( 1 × 52) + ( 4 × 51) + ( 2 × 50)

= 25 + 20 + 2
= 4710
Exercises :

1. 135 2. 205

3. 315 4. 425

5. 2115 6. 3025

7. 31105 8. 43215

Example : 1245 = 125 25 5 1

1 2 4

= 25 + 10 + 4
= 3910
9. 125 10. 215

11 1045 12. 2305

.
13 22345 14. 42135
.

1.4.3 Conversion of numbers in base ten to the number in base five.

Example : 2810
5 28 remainder
5 5 3

Number Bases 16
 5 1 0
0 1

2810 = 1035

Exercises :

1. 1610 2. 2910

3. 7710 4. 8510

5. 14410 6. 44710

Example : 1210
12 2 5 1

5 5
2 2
1210 = 225
7. 5610 8. 7810

9. 8710 10. 10410

11. 20110 12. 31710

1.5 Conversion of number in certain base to a number in another base.

1.5.1 Conversion of number in base two to the number in base eight.

Example : 111012
4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1
1 1 10 1
3 5
111012 = 358

1. 11012 2. 10012

3. 110012 4. 110112

5. 1001112 6. 1110102

7. 11011112 8. 11010002

9. 100111012 10 111101102

11 1001110112 12 10011101102

Number Bases 17
13 100111011012 14 1101010100112

1.5.2 Conversion of number in base eight to the number in base two.

Example : 278
2 7
4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1
0 1 0 1 1 1
278 = 101112

1. 258 2. 368

3. 518 4. 2028

5. 5368 6. 6438

7. 12358 8. 25718

9. 32248 10 60478

11 25508 12 51018

13 710018 14 562218

1.5.3 Conversion of number in base five to the number in base two.

Number Bases 18
 Example : 145

125 25 5 1
2 9 remainder
145= 5 1 4 +4 2 4 1
2 2 0
= 910 145 = 910 =
2 1 0
10012 0 1
Exercises :
1. 235 2. 435

3. 1345 4. 2125

5. 3015 6. 4235

1.5.4 Conversion of number in base five to the number in base eight.

Example : 145

125 25 5 1
8 9 remainder
14 5 = 5 1 4 + 4 8 1 1 145 = 910 = 118
0 1
= 910
Exercises :
1. 135 2. 335

3. 1245 4. 2215

5. 3105 6. 4135

Number Bases 19
1.5.5 Conversion of number in base two to the number in base five.
Example : 1112

8 4 2 1
5 7 remainder
1112 = 4 1 1 1 + 2 + 1 5 1 2 710 = 125
0 1
= 710
Exercises :
1. 1012 2. 11102

3. 110112 4. 101102

5. 1110112 6. 1011112

1.5.6 Conversion of number in base eight to the number in base five.

Example : 168

512 64 8 1
5 14 remainder
16 8 = 8 1 6 + 6 5 2 4 1410 = 245
0 2
= 1410
Exercises :
1. 178 2. 338

3. 1748 4. 2218

5. 5108 6. 7138

Number Bases 20
1.5.7 Perform computations involving addition of two numbers in base two.
Example : 1 0 0 12
+ 1 0 12
1 1 1 02
Exercises :
1. 1012 + 1102 2. 1112 + 11012

3. 101002 + 110112 4. 101102 + 11012

5. 1110112 + 101012 6. 1011112 + 101002

1.5.8 Perform computations involving subtraction of two numbers in base two.

Example : 1 0 0 12
- 1 0 12
1 0 02
Exercises :
1. 1012 - 102 2. 1112 - 1012

3. 101002 - 10112 4. 111102 - 101012

5. 1110112 - 1101012 6. 1101002 - 1011112

Objective Questions.

Number Bases 21
1. State the value of underlined digit in the in the 8. Express 93210 as number in base
number 10101012. five.
A 4A A 1435
B 8 B 2125
C 16 C 22125
D 32 D 122125

2. State the value of underlined digit in the 9. Express 110102 as a number in base
number 13240 5. eight.
A 75 A A 2A68
B 375 B 328
C 1875 C 1228
D 3 D 11018

3. Express 110111 2 as a number in base 10. Express 10 110 1012 as a number in base
eight.
ten.
A 2358
A 13
A 10
B 2648
B 3110
C 2658
C 5510
D 5518
D 11010

4. Express 1548 as a number in base ten.

A 80A 10 11 Express 4028 as a number in base two.
B 10810 A 110010
A 2
B 1100100102
C 86410 C 10000102
D 192510 D 1000000102

5. Express 4235 as a number in base

ten. 12 Express 101102 as a number in base five.
A 846
A 10 A 225
B 42310 B 425
C 11310 C 445
D 76510 D 40445

6. Express 126 10 as a number in base two. 13 Express 4135 as a number in base two.
A 111110
A 2 A 1001011
A 2
B 11101102 B 1000010112
C 11111102 C 1011002
D 11111112 D 11011002

7. Express 342810 as a number in base 14 Express 5468 as a number in base five.

eight. A 334
A 5
A 544
A 8 B 4135
B 4288 C 24135
C 27428 D 3415
D 65448

155Express 7( 82 ) + 5 as a number in base two.

Number Bases 22
 x10  112  115  118 , find
A 11100011
A 2 22
B 110001012
C 11101012 Given that
D 1110001012
the value of x.
16 Express 27 + 22 + 1 as a number in base
A 15A
eight.
B 16
A 19A8
C 17
B 1338 D 18
C 2058
D 7208 23 If x 2  2 5  2 3  2 0 , then x =

17 Express 10 110 1012 as a number in base A 101

A 0002
eight. B 101 0012
A 2358 C 110 0012
B 2648 D 110 0112
C 2658
D 5518
24. 100102 + 1112 =
18 Express 53 + 4 as a number in base five.
A 1045 A 11101
A 2
B 3045 B 110012
C 10045 C 101012
D 30045 D 100012

19 If y5 = 110 1112 , then y =

A 205 25. Given that x2 = 1012 + 1015 , find the
B 515 value of x.
C 1605 A 11112
D 2105 B 10 1112
C 11 1112
20 If 20008 = x 10 which is x is integer, find D 101 1112
the value of x.
A 1600
A
B 2500
C 1024
D 8192

21. If x5 = 758 , then x =

A 61
B 211
C 221
D 111 101

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

Number Bases 23
SPM 2003(Nov)

1. Express 11010101 2 as a number in base eight

A. 651 8 C. 325 8
B. 6258 D. 2218

2. 11101 2  1110 2 
A. 100011 2 C. 101111 2
B. 111001 2 D. 101011 2

SPM 2004(Nov)

1. Express 5 3  3 as a number in base five

A. 1035 C. 1003 5
B. 303 5 D. 30035

2. 11011 2  111 2 
A. 100010 2 C. 110011 2

B. 101100 2 D. 111101 2

SPM 2004(July)

3. What is the value of the digit 3, in base ten, in the number 372 8?
A. 48 C. 192
B. 64 D. 512

4. Convert 22 + 2(23 + 1) to a number in base eight

A. 158 C. 228
C. 268 D. 628

5. 110112 – 1012 =
A. 10102 C. 101102
B. 11102 D. 100102

SPM 2005(Nov)

Number Bases 24
 1. 1100012  10112 

A. 100100 2 C. 111010 2
B. 100110 2 D. 111100 2

2. What is the value of the digit 2, in base ten, in the number 32415 ?

A. 25 C. 200
B. 50 D. 250

SPM 2005(July)

3. 100102 - 11012 =
A. 1012 C. 10112
B. 1112 D. 11112

4. Express 11101002 as a number in base eight

A. 1218 C. 4618
B 1648 D 7208

SPM 2006(July)

1. It is given that k10 = 1100012, where k is an integer. Find the value of k.

A. 48 C. 97
B. 49 D. 98

2. 1012 + 10012 =
A. 11102 C. 100002
B. 11002 D. 100112

Number Bases 25